• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2021

Moon Jae-in Care can be seen as a 2.0 version of Roh Moo-Hyun Care. Just as Roh Care failed to achieve its coverage rate goal and 30% share of public beds, Moon Care also failed to achieve its expected goal. The reason is that it followed Roh Care's failed strategy. Failure to control non-covered services has led to a long way to achieve a 70% coverage rate and induced the expansion of voluntary indemnity insurance, resulting in increased public burden. The universal coverage of non-covered services caused an immediate backlash from doctors. And Moon government also failed to control the private insurance market. The expansion of publicly owned beds has not become realized and has not obtained public support. Above all, it failed to overcome the resistance of doctors and failed to obtain consent from budget power groups in the cabinet for public investment. It was also insufficient to win the support of civic groups. Communication with interested groups failed and the role of private health care providers was neglected. The next government should also continue to strengthen health care coverage, but it should prioritize preventing medical poor and create a consensus with both medical providers and consumers for the control of non-covered services. Ahead of the super-aged society, the establishment of linkage between medical services and long-term care and visiting health care or welfare services is an important task. All public and private provisions and resources should be utilized in the view of a comprehensive public health perspective, and public investment should be input in sectors where public medical institutions can perform more effective functions. The next government, which will be launched in 2022, should design a new paradigm for health care in the face of a period of transformation, such as the coming super-aged society in 2026 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and recognize that the capabilities of the health care system represent the nation's overall capacity.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

Purpose - The global trend of protectionism has expanded since the onset of US President Donald Trump's administration in 2017. This global phenomenon has led to a significant reduction in world trade volume and a negative impact on economic development in some countries where the external sector accounts for a large proportion of GDP. Although Korea is a country vulnerable to this deteriorating trade environment, few studies have examined the relationship between protectionism and its business cycles based on Korean data. Thus, this paper investigates the impact of protectionism on Korea's business cycle. Design/methodology - To identify future implications, we conduct a structural vector autoregression (VAR) analysis using monthly Korean data from 1994 to 2015. Macroeconomic variables in the model include the industrial production index, inflation rates, exports (or net exports), interest rates, and exchange rates. For the identification of the shock reflecting the expansion of protectionism, we use an antidumping investigation (ADI) data. Since ADIs are followed generally by the imposition of antidumping tariffs, they have no contemporaneous impact on tariffs and are also contemporaneously exogenous to other endogenous variables in the VAR model. We examine two kinds of ADI shocks i) shocks on Korean exports imposed by Korea's trading partners (ADI-imposed shocks) and ii) shocks on imports imposed by the Korean government (ADI-imposing shocks). Findings - We find that Korea's exports decline sharply due to ADI-imposed shocks; the lowest point at the third month after the initial shock; and do not recover until 24 months later. Simultaneously, the inflation rate decreases. Therefore, the ADI-imposed shock can be regarded as a negative shock on the demand curve where both production and price decrease. In contrast, the ADI-imposing shock generates a different response. The net exports decline, but the inflation rate increases. These can be seen as standard responses with respect to the negative shock on the supply curve. Originality/value - We shed light on the relationship between protectionism and Korea's economic fluctuations, which is rarely addressed in previous studies. We also consider the effects of both protective policy measures on imports to Korea imposed by the Korean government and on policy measures imposed by Korea's trading partner countries on its exports.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.80-102
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to articulate relationship about factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Design/methodology - This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Empirical analysis was performed by setting internal and external factors required for FTA utilization as variables. To achieve this, research model was established based on previous study, hypothesis was deduced, and statistical program were used to test the hypothesis. This study performed empirical analysis using statistical program of SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 for the research model. Findings - Empirical analysis was performed regarding the effect of the FTA utilization on export performance and previous study defined export performance as the company's increased economy benefits through export and increase in new transactions. Analysis was also performed for factors affecting the FTA utilization by the company and through management and response of external factors and internal factors it was confirmed that the FTA utilization by the company led to increase in the company's export performance as a result. This study proposes a method to achieve export performance based on this. Originality/value - Companies seeking to utilize the FTA sign the Contract for the International Sale of goods and there are many conditions to meet in order to receive trade preferences during the transaction process. Existing trade order and order in the FTA have to be followed. Country of origin can be seen as key in the FTA. The Rule of Origin becomes the most important evaluation standard in applying preferential tariff in the FTA. Such regulations can be seen as external factors which cannot be controlled by the company. Internal factors are capabilities owned before that can be controlled by the company. The study sought to test the variables regarding factors centered on such capability. This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.209-223
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose: In Seongnam City, a number of festivals are held in various areas, led by the city and private organizations. The necessity of developing a representative festival of Seongnam City, which can enhance the brand value of Seongnam, a cultural city, and promote a sense of local community and economic effects, is emerging. The purpose of this study is to analyze festival-related ordinances of Gyeonggi-do local governments, and to derive implications necessary for the development of festival support ordinances representing Seongnam City. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the database of National Legal Information Center of the Ministry of Legislation and the autonomous legal information system to thoroughly investigate the ordinances related to festival support of basic local governments in Gyeonggi-do and the whole country. To do this, descriptive statistics analysis was conducted. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that 168 organizations (68.6%) of 245 local governments nationwide have adopted the festival support ordinance, and there are a total of 231 ordinances. In the case of basic organizations, out of 228 basic organizations, 151 organizations, including Seongnam City, adopted the ordinance on festival support, showing an adoption rate of about 66%. As a result of analyzing the basic organizations that enacted representative festival related ordinances among Gyeonggi-do basic organizations, 9 out of 28 cities adopted 16 representative festival ordinances, based on the legal and institutional basis for supporting representative festivals. Conclusions: In the case of Seongnam City, it is believed that in order to develop a representative festival, an ordinance to support the representative festival must be established. Considerations regarding the composition of the ordinance for the representative festival were discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1096-1103
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• 2019

UCB-1 is the commercial rootstock of pistachio. Reproduction of this rootstock by tissue culture is limited by low levels of proliferation rate. Therefore, any compound that improves the proliferation rate and the quality of the shoots can be used in the process of commercial reproduction of this rootstock. Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria is one of the best ideas. Given the beneficial effects of nanoparticles in enhancement of the growth in plant tissue cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nanoencapsulation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (using silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes) and their metabolites in improving UCB1 pistachio micropropagation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Before planting, treatments on the DKW medium were added. The results showed that the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens VUPF5 and Bacillus subtilis VRU1 nanocapsules significantly enhanced the root length and proliferation. The nanoformulation of the VUPF5 metabolite led to the highest root length (6.26 cm) and the largest shoot (3.34 cm). Inoculation of explants with the formulation of the metabolites (both bacterial strains) significantly elevated the average shoot length and the fresh weight of plant compared to the control. The explants were dried completely using both bacterial strains directly and with capsule coating after the three days.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2019

Infills are as important members in structural design as beams, columns and braces. They have significant effect on structural behavior. Because of lots of variables in infills like material non-linear behavior, the interaction between frames and infill, etc., the infills performance during an earthquake is complicated, so have led designers do not consider the effect of infills in designing the structure. However, the experimental studies revealed that the infills have the remarkable effect on structure behavior. As if these effects ignored, it might occur soft-story phenomena, torsion or short-column effects on the structures. One simple and appropriate method for considering the infills effects in analyzing, is replacing the infills with diagonal compression strut with the same performance of real infill, instead of designing the whole infill. Because of too many uncertainties, codes and researchers gave many expressions that were not as the same as the others. The major intent of this paper is calculation the width of this diagonal strut, which has the most characteristics of infill. This paper by comprehensive on different parameters like the modulus of young or moment of inertia of columns presents a new formula for achieving the equivalent strut width. In fact, this new formula is extracted from about 60 FEM analyses models. It can be said that this formula is very efficient and accurate in estimating the equivalent strut width, considering the large number of effective parameters relative to similar relationships provided by other researchers. In most cases, the results are so close to the values obtained by the FEM. In this formula, the effect of out of plane buckling is neglected and this formula is used just in steel structures. Also, the thickness of infill panel, and the lateral force applied to frame are constant. In addition, this new formula is just for modeling the lateral stiffness. Obtaining the nearest response in analyzing is important to the designers, so this new formula can help them to reach more accurate response among a lot of experimental equations proposed by researchers.

• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

The ephemeral and temporal nature of pavilions is the underlying motivation that led to the development of this paper. From the beginning of the industrial era through contemporary history, there have been many instances of architects attempting to rethink architectural design in the context of modern social, cultural, and technical imperatives. Today, the leading changes in humanity are accompanied by a revolutionary electronic digital medium. The pavilion has been in an amalgamation of architectural integration since the beginning of human history. World's Fairs/Expos have, since their establishment, served as international presentations of goods and achievements of particular nations. They became a popular stage wherein potential architectural achievements were showcased through the evocative architecture of pavilions. Due to the pavilion's "temporary nature," its coverage includes various perspectives: social, historical, geographical, post-colonial, iconographical, temporal, and ephemeral. It has also served as a receptacle due to its representational value at a given time. The pavilion has offered architectural designers, clients, and visitors a place to use their imaginations. Moreover, the architect's role in creating pavilions cannot be overestimated. Due to fact that they abound in symbolism, contemporary designs, and innovative solutions, pavilions often mirror modern mankind and plan for the next aesthetic revolutions and ideological architectural theories. To understand and appreciate architects' original intentions with their pavilions, this paper focuses on noteworthy pavilions that were created from the beginning of industrialization through the present. It explores and discusses the pavilion's characteristics, highlights the significance of its physical form as generated by a specific theme.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.377-389
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• 2019

Purpose: Group-based interventions help the members of the parent group work together to share their parenting stress, provide opportunities for them to support each other emotionally and informatively, and allow them to achieve what they want to accomplish. The purpose of this study is to investigate and synthesize the outcome of a parenting support program for infant and toddler parents. Methods: Published randomized control trials were identified through Ovid-Medline, Embase and CINAHL DB. Eligible studies include articles published between 2008 and 2018 in English in the randomized controlled trial design in which parenting support programs were implemented for infant and toddler parents group. Results: A total of 11 studies was selected for this review. These programs reported large level of effect size for parenting, and middle level effect size for parent's psycho-social outcomes and child development. There were many programs conducted for parents with infants between 13 and 24 months, and the frequency of programs provided for 2 hours a week was high with 9 to 12 sessions. Most programs were facilitated by trained professionals including nurses and social workers except two programs led by lay persons. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that group-based parenting support programs have positive effects on parenting, parent's psychosocial health and infant development. To disseminate the effective group-based parenting support programs, further research is needed to confirm the long term effect and develop nurse's role as a group facilitator.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 2019

Purpose: Even though advanced heart failure (HF) severely affects the patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), there is little information regarding this issue. This review is aimed to describe the relevant clinical characteristics of patient with advanced HF and identify factors influencing HRQoL in these patients. Methods: Empirical articles were searched from electronic databases issued from January 2000 to June 2018 with using the key terms 'heart failure' and 'quality of life'. There were a total of 22 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for this study. Results: First, nine studies among 22 studies clearly stated that their participants were samples of patients with advanced HF. Most reviewed studies showed the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class as the criteria for identifying advanced HF. Second, the level of HRQoL varied depending on the measurement tools utilized by the researchers. Third, the NYHA class, gender, and symptoms were mainly associated with HRQoL in patients with advanced HF. Also, nurse- or physician-led intervention, exercise, spiritual-focused intervention, and palliative care improved the HRQoL of the patients with advanced HF. Conclusion: This study found that the clear application of criteria for advanced HF and the development of advanced HF-specific HRQoL measurement was needed. Prospective studies should be considered for identifying differences in the levels and factors influencing HRQoL in patients with early stage or advanced HF to design patient-centered care.