• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.144-155
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• 2022

Daphne kiusiana is an evergreen shrub with dense head-like umbels of white flowers distributed in southern Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Plants in China and Taiwan are recognized as var. atrocaulis by having a dark purple stem, elliptic leaves, and persistent bracts. Recently, plants on Jejudo Island were segregated as a separate species, D. jejudoensis, given their elliptic leaves with an acuminate apex, a long hypanthium and sepals, and a glabrous hypanthium. Morphological variations of three closely related taxa, the D. kiusiana complex, were investigated across the distributional range to clarify the taxonomic delimitation of members of the complex. Twelve characters of the leaf and flower were measured from digitized herbarium specimens using the image analysis program ImageJ and were included in a morphometric analysis, the results of which indicate that the level of variation in the characters is very high. The results of a principal component analysis weakly separated D. jejudoensis from D. kiusiana according to their floral characteristics, such as a longer, glabrous hypanthium, and larger sepals. However, some individuals of D. kiusiana, particularly those from Bigeumdo Island, were included in D. jejudoensis. Recognition of D. kiusiana var. atrocaulis based on the leaf shape was not supported in the analysis, and D. jejudoensis may be recognized as a variety of D. kiusiana. Our morphometric analysis shows that digitized images of herbarium specimens could be useful and an additional method by which to investigate more diverse specimens.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and variations level by site environment of native bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from costal and island region in South Korea. Soil chemical properties and morphological characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, cotton on leaf blade, stolon, and number of seed per spike depending on where they were collected from natural habitat. We have discovered a variety of variation among the investigated traits in Korean native bermudagrass ecotypes. There were broad leaf and fine leaf types of native bermudgarass in S. Korea. Adaptability was in very high on inadequate environment in bermudagrass with broad leaf types, it has also been suggested that management worth in terms of use. These results may provide basic information for bermudagrass breeding development and the collected types during this investigation would be worth being preserved as genetic resources for further breeding purposes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2014

This paper presented analysis methods for adapting E-glass fiber/epoxy composite (GFRP) materials to an automotive leaf spring. It focused on the static behaviors of the leaf spring due to the material composition and its fiber orientation. The material properties of the GFRP composite were directly measured based on the ASTM standard test. A reverse implementation was performed to obtain the complete set of in-situ fiber and matrix properties from the ply test results. Next, the spring rates of the composite leaf spring were examined according to the variation of material parameters such as the fiber angles and resin contents of the composite material. Finally, progressive failure analysis was conducted to identify the initial failure load by means of an elastic stress analysis and specific damage criteria. As a result, it was found that damage first occurred along the edge of the leaf spring owing to the shear stresses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

This study was conducted by estimate of leaf characteristics and growth performance among selected 20 families progenies of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai. Mean seedling height and root-collar diameter in whole progenies showed 61.6cm, 6.98mm, respectively. Mean seedling height of KW 2-5 family was 79.3cm and it was higher than that of other families. JN 2-2 family had highest value, 9.16mm, in mean of root-collar diameter. Growth performances of KW 2-5 and JN 2-2 families showed 57% (in seedling height), 53% (in root-collar diameter) superior to those of lowest marked families. The selection level based on growth performances, which are seedling height over 75.0cm and root-collar diameter over 8.0mm, were applied on whole families, and two families selected (KW 2-5, JN 2-2). The selection effects from selected families was evaluated as 125% compared to the mean of whole families. The coefficient of variation (C.V) appeared wide range, $9.4{\sim}42.4%$, in estimated leaf characteristics. Particularly, C.V of petiole length (PL) and petiole diameter (PD) showed 42.4% and 28.7%, respectively. Their were higher value than other leaf characteristics. Analysis of variance for all leaf characteristics were significantly different among families. Also, there had positive correlation between most leaf characteristics except the correlation between leaf length (LL) and leaf morphological index (LMI, LW/LL). Particularly, the correlation between leaf length and leaf width (LW) showed the highest correlation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2004

The circular leaf spot of persimmon is occurred almost every place where persimmon is cultivated, especially the disease outbreak severely in southern part of Korea. The disease reveals unusually long incubation period after pathogen invade into leaf tissue and no practical control measure is available once the symptom has appeared. Most of the farmers just follow the suggested spray schedules calculated on the basis of weather condition of ordinary years. Therefore the damages due to circular leaf spot greatly differ year after year. In this article, we tried to describe and summarized the investigation on the circular leaf spot pathogen, Mycosphaerella nawae, related to disease outbreak such as overwintering of pathogen, inoculum formation and spread, incubation period after infection, and secondary inoculum. With the summary of these results, we suggest the disease cycle of circular leaf spot of persimmon. The pathogen overwinters in diseased leaves as mycelial form or pseudoperithecial premodium. The pseudoperitheria become matured in spring as the temperature raise and forms asci and ascospores. The maturation of pseudoperithecia are closely related to the temperatures during March and early April. The ascospores completely mature in early May and the ascospores released when the pseudoperithecia absorbed enough moisture after rainfall. The release of ascospores are diverse greatly with the variation of maturity of pseudoperithecia. Generally the spore start to release from middle of May to early of July. Duration of ascospore release is depend on the weather condition of particular year, especially amount and number of precipitation. The ascospores produced from pseudoperithecia is known to the only inoculum for circular leaf spot disease. But according to the results obtained from our investigations, the conidia formed on the lesions which incited by natural infection. This conidia are infectious to persimmon leaves and formed identical symptom as natural infection. The time of producing secondary inoculum of circular leaf spot of persimmon is considered too late to develop new disease. Generally the importance of secondary inoculum is low but the conidia produced in early September are competent to develop new disease and new infection also significantly affect to harvest of persimmon. The importance of circular leaf spot disease is recognized well to farmers. The approaches to control of the disease should be initiated on the basis of the knowledges of inoculum dynamics and ecology of disease development. The forecasting system for circular leaf spot is need to be developed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1984

In order to compare the variation of Korean native Yea plants, the botanical specimens of the two introduced varieties and the wild varieties collected from 49 places were made. The leaf and flower types from them were investigated. 1) About 78% of the wild tea plants were existed in bamboo thicket or in forest, and 95% were grown in the southward inclined place. 2) The wild tea plants were distributed in the region from $34^{\circ}27^{\prime}$ north to $35^{\circ}43^{\prime}$ north of latitude, but most of them were grown in the region of 35 degree north of latitude. 3) The leaf types of wild tea plants were elliptical and oblong, but onr oval type of leaf was found in the Mand$\ddot{o}$ksa, Kangjin. 4) The Leaf sizes of wild tea plants were $14.74{\pm}0.57{\times}5.72{\pm}0.24cm$ in the large leaf and $12.16{\pm}1.57{\times}3.53{\pm}0.41cm$ in the small leaf. 5) There were two leaf types that one is acuminate, coriaceous, reticulate, dark green, and the other is obtuse, chartaceous, rugose, deep green. 6) There were not much difference between varieties in the flower types, only except the trait of Yongjang. 7) Among the wild tea plants, it was considered that Yongjang-type variety would he a variant or hybrid of bohea-variety (chinese-variety) and Waun-type variety would he a variant or hybrid of macrophylla variety and General-type variety would be a degenerated variant of Waun-type or another hybrid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The design of this field experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), panama (P), Costa Rica (R), and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season at 150 cm height. There was variation (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 22 to 80 cm, leaf retained from 118 to 209%, branch number from 13 to 24, fodder yield from 1,015 to 1,671 g DW/plant and wood yield from 792 to 1,662 g DW/plant among the provenances; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Belen (N14), Retalhuleu (G14) and Bukit Bali (I) provenances were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of leaf retention, stem elongation, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.302-306
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• 2005

Litterfall and nutrient inputs were measured in even-aged coniferous plantations (a 31-year-old Pinus rigida and a 31-year-old Larix leptolepis) on a similar site condition in the Forest Practice Research Center, Gyeonggi Province. Litterfall was collected monthly from circular littertraps (collecting area: $0.50m^2$) for three years between April 1997 and February 2000. Average total annual litterfall was significantly higher for pine (5,802 kg/ha/yr) than for larch (4,562 kg/ha/yr) plantations. Needle litter in both plantations accounted for about 63% of total litterfall. Litterfall in the larch was distributed as follows: needle > other leaf > branch > miscellaneous > bark, while it was needle > miscellaneous > other leaf > branch > bark in the pine plantation. There was no temporal variation in needle litter, other leaf and bark during the 3 year study period. The concentrations of all nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in needle litter were significantly higher in the larch than in the pine plantations. The annual nutrient concentration of needle litter in the larch varied among the years, whereas no year variation of needle litter was in the pine except for phosphorus (P). Nitrogen (N) and P inputs by needle litter were significantly higher for larch than for pine plantations established on a similar soil. The differences in N and P inputs were attributed to lower nutrient concentration in pine needle litter compared with larch needle litter, not to total needle litter mass. Annual inputs of nutrient in both plantations were not significantly different among years except for K of the larch although there was yearly different in needlefall mass and nutrient concentration during the 3-year observed period. The results indicate that the mechanisms of litterfall and nutrient inputs vary considerably between pine and larch plantations established on a similar site condition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1985

Peroxidase banding patterns were obtained by disc electrophoresis of leaf extractions from flowering plants, R. mucronulatum, R. yedoense var. poukhanese, and R. schlippenbachii. A total of 21 peroxidase isoenzymes were resolved from these species, R. mucronulatum, P. yedoense var. poukhanese, and R. schlippenbachii. Five identical peroxidase isoenzymes were resolved in R. yedoense var. poukhanese and R. schlippenbachii. It means that there is a close relationships between two species. The peroxidase banding patterns of all three Rhododendron species were not correlated with each other on percentage total density of each band. The correlation coefficients for peroxidase band densities compared with leaf areas and leaf width/length ratios of Rhododendron plants were not significant at the 5% level. Wide variation was observed in R. yedoense var. poukhanese and R. schlippenbachii compared with R. mucronulatum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2021

The Hosta 'Hwangnarae' was bred at the Korea National Arboretum, which was induced using ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) to obtain mutants. Among the leaf variegated Hosta plants, some with yellowish-green color pattern on the edge of the leaves was selected. They were cultivated through vegetative production. Assessment of the botanical characteristics was executed for six years from 2013 to 2018. Major characteristics such as yellowish-green color pattern on the edge of leaves appeared uniformly and was finally selected in 2019. The Hosta 'Hwangnarae' that have been bred in this way can prove to be useful as material for a ground cover plant or pot plant.