• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.539-542
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• 2003

We have studied cell gap-dependent electrode-optic characteristics of the FFS mode using the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy. In case of a small cell gap of 2 ${\mu}m$, the transmittance at the center of pixel and common electrodes is low due to stronger influence of surface anchoring that holds the LC to the initial state than twisting force induced by neighboring LCs. In case of a large cell gap of 4 ${\mu}m$, the influence of surface anchoring force becomes weak so that the LCs at the center of pixel and common electrode can be twisted enough by applied voltage, giving rise to high transmittance. Therefore, we conclude that the light efficiency in the device is dependent on the cell gap.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4377-4381
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• 2011

In this study, real-time and label-free methods for monitoring the enzymatic reaction of urease, which releases ammonia through the hydrolysis of urea in an aqueous solution, were developed using a liquid crystal (LC)-based pH sensor. Nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), doped with 4'-pentyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (PBA), exhibited a shift in optical appearance from bright to dark when it was in contact with ammonia generated from the enzymatic reaction between urease and urea. This optical change was attributed to the anchoring transitions of LCs caused by hydrophobic interactions between the tails of deprotonted PBA ($PBA^-$) molecules and the LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. This novel technique holds great promise for the sensitive detection of urease along with its substrates and inhibitors.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.812-819
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• 2015

This paper presents a new approach for simulating the internal faults of synchronous machines using distributed computing and Large Change Sensitivity (LCS) analysis. LCS analysis caters for a parallel solution of 3-phase model of a faulted machine within the symmetrical component-based model of interconnected network. The proposed method considers dynamic behavior of the faulty machine and connected system and tries to accurately solve the synchronous machine’s internal fault conditions in the system. The proposed method is implemented in stand-alone FORTRAN-based phasor software and the results have been compared with available recordings from real networks and precisely simulated faults by use of the ATP/EMTP as a time domain software package. An encouraging correlation between the simulation results using proposed method, ATP simulation and measurements was observed and reported. The simplified approach also enables engineers to quickly investigate their particular cases with a reasonable precision.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2013

This paper introduces 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) doped liquid crystal (LC) alignment properties on a rubbed polyimide (PI) layer as a function of the doping concentration of TIPS pentacene. Pretilt angles, photomicrographs, and electro-optical properties of TIPS pentacene doped LCs were comparable to those of pure LCs. However, TIPS pentacene in a LC medium supported twisted nematic-liquid crystal displays (TN-LCDs) to improve electro-optical properties. The threshold voltages observed in the TN cells decreased as the TIPS pentacene concentration increased. In addition, suitable response times were observed in TN cells.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.760-762
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• 2008

음악에서는 다양한 감정의 표현을 시간에 따른 음악 무드의 전이로 표현한다. 본 연구에서는 Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) 알고리즘 및 k-Means 알고리즘에 기반한 유사 음악 검색 기법을 제안한다. 우선, 음악 무드의 흐름을 무드 세그먼트 단위로 나누고, 이를 추출된 다양한 음악 특성을 k-Means 알고리즘으로 분류하여 무드 시퀀스로 변환한다. 또한, 유사한 무드의 흐름을 가지는 음악을 검색하기 위해 LCS 알고리즘에 기반한 무드 시퀀스의 유사도를 정의한다. 본 논문은 제안된 내용을 바탕으로 실험과 설문 조사를 통해, 기존의 전역적 특성 검색 방식보다 시퀀스를 이용한 검색방식이 좀 더 효율적임을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.707-709
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• 2007

매일 생성되는 웹 신문에서 독자가 접해보지 못한 단어는 독자의 이해를 돕기 위하여 괄호를 사용한다. 괄호를 사용하여 표기된 웹 신문의 한국어-영어 대역쌍은 특정 기사에는 출현빈도가 낮지만 전체적으로 여러 신문의 기사를 봤을 때, 최소한 한번 이상 출현하게 된다. 즉, 괄호 안의 동일한 영어 용어 두 개 이상의 문장을 최장일치법 알고리즘에 적용하면 한국어 단어 경계를 자동으로 인식할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 웹 신문의 괄호 표기 특성을 이용하여 한-영 대역어쌍을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 웹 신문 기사 43,648 건에서 최대 2,087개의 한-영 대역어를 추출하였다. 3 개의 서로 다른 테스트 그룹으로 실험한 결과 최대 84.2%의 정확도를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2000

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.731-744
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• 2007

A method for dynamic analysis and design calculation of a Powertrain Mounting System(PMS) including Hydraulic Engine Mounts(HEM) is developed with the aim of controlling powertrain motion and reducing low-frequency vibration in pitch and bounce modes. Here the pitch mode of the powertrain is defined as the mode rotating around the crankshaft of an engine for a transversely mounted powertrain. The powertrain is modeled as a rigid body connected to rigid ground by rubber mounts and/or HEMs. A mount is simplified as a three-dimensional spring with damping elements in its Local Coordinate System(LCS). The relation between force and displacement of each mount in its LCS is usually nonlinear and is simplified as piecewise linear in five ranges in this paper. An equation for estimating displacements of the powertrain center of gravity(C.G.) under static or quasi-static load is developed using Newton's second law, and an iterative algorithm is presented to calculate the displacements. Also an equation for analyzing the dynamic response of the powertrain under ground and engine shake excitations is derived using Newton's second law. Formulae for calculating reaction forces and displacements at each mount are presented. A generic PMS with four rubber mounts or two rubber mounts and two HEMs are used to validate the dynamic analysis and design calculation methods. Calculated displacements of the powertrain C.G. under static or quasi-static loads show that a powertrain motion can meet the displacement limits by properly selecting the stiffness and coordinates of the tuning points of each mount in its LCS using the calculation methods developed in this paper. Simulation results of the dynamic responses of a powertrain C.G. and the reaction forces at mounts demonstrate that resonance peaks can be reduced effectively with HEMs designed on the basis of the proposed methods.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

The sublingual locus has recently received great attention as a delivery site for various immunotherapies, including those that induce allergen-specific tolerance, and for vaccines that generate protective immunity. To further understand the immune functions of the human sublingual mucosa, we characterized the distribution of various immunocytes therein by immunohistochemistry. We identified professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs) and macrophages. $CD1a^+$ and $langerin^+$ LCs were further found to be distributed in the basal and supra-basal layers of the epithelium, and macrophages were identified in the lamina propria. HLA-$DR^+$ cells were observed in both the epithelium and the lamina propria, which mirrors the tissue distribution of LCs and macrophages within these tissues. $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T cells were found to be distributed along the basal layer of the epithelium and also in the lamina propria. Although B cells, plasma cells, and $Foxp3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were only occasionally observed in the human sublingual mucosa in the absence of inflammation, they did show enrichment at inflammatory sites. Hence, we have further elucidated the immune cell component distribution in human sublingual mucosa.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.195-207
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• 2017

Since the smart phone was first introduced, the amount of mobile traffic has increased explosively. The OTT service with personal broadcasting and TV contents and the number of users have been increased in wired network, and there are needs to expand the OTT service to mobile network. In the case of the OTT service in mobile network, the relative small and finite resource may cause the overload of the network due to the massive and high transfer rate. In this paper, we consider a future situation of the OTT user services in the cellular network and propose a novel D2D communication scheme for location-based OTT service, which can reduce and distribute the amount of video traffics. To effectively handle the traffic of OTT services, we propose D2DS and LCS functional blocks in EPC network, which can provide location-based service and D2D management. And, we suggest additional procedures for the location-based service of both content provider and contents receiver UEs with the operation of the proposed D2DS and LCS function block.