• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2004

Environmental issues become one of today's central concerns due to draining natural resources and environmental pollution. Architecture is given a great deal of weight on the evoking environmental pollution. In this point of view, polluting factors in architectural planning and construction were predicted in advance and alternative plans were studied, In investigation of alternative plans, both environmental pollution and economical efficiency of various alternatives were considered. A office building was analyzed for energy consumption and construction environmental load by appling LCA. Applying LCA to a office building includes a total amount of materials and energy consumption, environmental impacts and economical efficiency evaluation. In present study, LCA applied to electrical part of a office building and economical efficiency evaluation was considered.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 2015

Petroleum based fossil fuels used to power most processes today are non-renewable fuels. This means that once used, they cannot be reproduced for a very long time. The maximum combustion of fossil fuels occurs in automobiles i.e. the vehicles we drive every day. Thus, there is a requirement to shift from these non-renenewable sources of energy to sources that are renewable and environment friendly. This is causing the need to shift towards more environmentally-sustainable transport fuels, preferably derived from biomass, such as biodiesel blends. These blends can be made from oils that are available in abundance or as waste e.g. waste cooking oil, animal fat, oil from seeds, oil from algae etc. Waste Cooking Oil(WCO) is a waste product and so, converting it into a transportation fuel is considered highly environmentally sustainable. Keeping this in mind, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental implications of replacing diesel fuel with WCO biodiesel blends in a regular Diesel engine. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the environmental outcomes of biodiesel from WCO in terms of global warming potential, life cycle energy efficiency (LCEE) and fossil energy ratio (FER) using the life cycle inventory and the openLCA software, version 1.3.4: 2007 - 2013 GreenDelta. This study resulted in the conclusion that the biodiesel production process from WCO in particular is more environmentally sustainable as compared to the preparation of diesel from raw oil, also taking into account the combustion products that are released into the atmosphere as exhaust emissions.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2005

In this study, the environmental impacts of a bogie in the electric motor unit(EMU) were evaluated quantitatively using simplified life cycle assessment(S_LCA). Target was the bogie and life cycle inventory(LCI) database for the bogie was established. The software used for simplified LCA was PASS. Environmental impacts with the parts of the bogie were dependent on their weight significantly. Among impact categories, abiotic resource depletion(ARD) and global warming(GW) were shown dominantly. Global warming was occurred mainly due to the emission of CO₂released from energy consumption and abiotic resource depletion was caused mostly by the consumption of iron ore for the manufacturing of steel. Therefore, the environmental impacts of the bogie could be reduced by the light-weighting of EMU and the improvement of energy efficiency.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.589-593
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• 2007

Due to sustainable development, international environmental regulations have been reinforced continuously. Especially, Kyoto protocol related to energy consumption affects to national production system seriously. Even if railroad is the most environmental- friendly transportation, it is necessary to improve its environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a representative tool to evaluate the environment impacts of a product. In the EU's railroad companies, the recycling efficiency and the waste emissions of rolling stocks have improved considering their environment impacts with LCA from a design step. Also, the LCA system of Korean electric motor units has been developed to build an environmentally sound railroad as one of national transportation core technology R&D projects. Therefore, the introduction of LCA will be required to decrease environmental impacts released from rolling stocks in the future.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2017

This study quantitatively assessed the environmental impacts of fuel cell (FC) systems by performing life cycle assessment (LCA) and analyzed their energy efficiencies based on energy return on investment (EROI) and electrical energy stored on investment (ESOI). Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system were selected as the fuel cell systems. Five different paths to produce hydrogen ($H_2$) as fuel such as natural gas steam reforming (NGSR), centralized naptha SR (NSR(C)), NSR station (NSR(S)), liquified petroleum gas SR (LPGSR), water electrolysis (WE) were each applied to the FCs. The environmental impacts and the energy efficiencies of the FCs were compared with rechargeable batteries such as $LiFePO_4$ (LFP) and Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH). The LCA results show that MCFC_NSR(C) and PEMFC_NSR(C) have the lowest global warming potential (GWP) with 6.23E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity and 6.84E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity, respectively. For the impact category of abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP), MCFC_NGSR(S) and PEMFC_NGSR(S) show the lowest impacts of 7.42E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity and 7.19E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity, respectively. And, the energy efficiencies of the FCs are higher than those of the rechargeable batteries except for the case of hydrogen produced by WE.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

다중이용시설의 환기부문 에너지소비량이 전체 에너지소비에서 차지하는 비중은 약40%로서 상당히 크다. 환기설비분야의 에너지절약방안으로는 주동력원이자 주요에너지소비원인 전동기를 고효율 제품으로 교체하거나 인버터를 이용한 가변운전을 통하여 에너지를 절감시키는 방안이 있다. 그러나 이런 방안들을 도입하기 위해서는 기존설비보다 높은 초기투자비가 필요하므로 장기적인 관점에서의 경제성평가가 요구된다. 경제성평가 방법으로 생애주기동안 지출되는 모든 비용을 예측하는 LCCA(Life Cycle Cost Analysis)가 적절하지만 LCCA는 분석내용이 단순 비용절감측면에 치중되어 있어, 환경영향을 고려하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 환경영향을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 LCA(Life Cycle Assessment)있지만 이는 주로 건축물에만 사용되어왔고 또한 환경적인 측면만 치중하여 경제적은 측면을 고려하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 LCCA 및 LCA를 이용해 경제적 측면 및 환경적 영향을 종합적으로 분석하여 다중이용시설 환기설비에 고효율 전동기 도입의 타당성 검토를 진행하고자 한다.

• 청정기술
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 1996

본 연구는 국제적 환경인식의 변화로 이제는 사후처리단계로서 환경문제를 다루는 것이 아니라 사전에 오염을 방지하고 오염의 배출을 최대한 억제하고 자원과 에너지를 최대한 효율적으로 이용하며 오염물질을 완전히 배출하지 않도록 하는 환경관리 수단이 요구됨에 따라 사용범위를 예측하기 힘들 정도로 확대되어 가는 LCA의 필요성과 국제적 논의동향을 살펴보고 대응방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 전자혁명 시대인 현대사회의 핵심인 반도체의 국가경쟁력을 높이고 환경을 새로운 수익창출의 기회로 삼는 계기를 마련하기위해 우리나라의 현실에 적응하기 쉬운 Screening LCA를 통해 반도체의 LCA를 수행함으로써 자원소비 측면에서는 Clip kg당 요구되는 투입물과 에너지의 요구량을 정량화하였고 환경영향 측면에서는 배출물의 영향을 정량화 함으로써 반도체 제품을 생산하는데 어느정도의 비용과 에너지와 물질이 투입되며 그것이 환경에 미치는 영향을 표시할 수 있으며 그로인해 문제공정을 도출하여 공정개선의 기회를 마련할 수 있다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

The application of Photovoltaic (PV) power in the building sector, is expanding as part of the ongoing energy transition into renewables. The article addresses the question of sustainability of energy generated from PVs through an environmental assessment of a building-integrated PV system (BIPV) connected to the grid through net metering. Employing retrospective life cycle analysis (LCA), with the CCaLC2 software and ecoinvent data, the article shows that the carrying structure and other balance of system (BOS) components are responsible for a three times higher energy payback time than the literature average. However, total environmental impact can be lowered through reuse or reinstallation of PVs on the same building structure after the 30-year interval. Further ways to improve environmental efficiency include identifying the most polluting materials for each LCA parameter. The results of this study are of interest to researchers and producers of PVs and organizations investing and promoting decentralized power production through PVs.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Currently whole-house refurbishment for substantial energy efficiency improvement of existing housing stock is needed to achieve the targeted 80% CO2 emission reduction. As whole-house refurbishment requires a larger capital investment for lower CO2 emission, the simultaneous use of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies are recommended to generate affordable refurbishment solutions. However, two methodologies are difficult to use due to a lack of proper LCC and LCA datasets. As a response to the current problems, many researchers explore potentials in Building Information Modelling (BIM) to improve current construction practice. As a result, a BIM tool - IES IMPACT (Integrated Material Profile And Costing Tool) - has been introduced to the UK construction industry for simultaneous calculation of LCC and LCA. Thus, this research aims at examining the capability and limitation of the IES VE/IMPACT as a BIM tool for whole-house refurbishment. This research reveals that the IES VE/IMPACT is feasible for whole-house refurbishment by providing LCC and LCA information simultaneously for informed decision on refurbishment solution selection. This research shed lights on the current problems lying on the data exchange between two different BIM tools. It is revealed that additional efforts from construction professionals and industry are required to make reliable BIM objects library with LCC and LCA datasets.

• 청정기술
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 물티슈 제조공정에 대한 전과정평가를 수행하였다. 물티슈 제조공정은 약액을 조제하여 부직포 원단에 투여하고 포장하는 단계로 이루어진다. 특정 업체의 실제 공정을 대상으로 투입 산출물 데이터를 수집하였고, 환경부와 해외 LCI DB를 활용하여 상 하위 흐름을 연결하여 이 공정에 대한 잠재적인 환경영향을 산출하였다. 특성화 결과, 오존층파괴 3.46.E-06 kg $CFC_{11}$, 산성화 5.11.E-01 kg $SO_2$, 자원고갈 $3.52.E+00\;1yr^{-1}$, 지구온난화 1.04.E+02 kg $CO_2$, 부영양화 2.31.E-02 kg ${PO_4}^{3-}$, 광화학산화물생성 2.22.E-02 kg $C_2H_4$, 인간독성 1.55.E+00 kg 1,4 DCB, 생태독성 5.82.E-04 kg 1,4 DCB로 나타났다. 일반적으로 제조공정의 환경영향을 줄이기 위해 공정을 개선하거나 환경영향이 적은 원자재와 포장재로 변경하는 등의 방법이 있다. LCA 결과, 공정에 사용되는 에너지가 주요이슈로 도출되었기 때문에 에너지 효율을 개선한 공정시스템 설계나 환경영향이 낮은 에너지원으로 변경하는 등의 방안이 필요하다. LCA의 특성상 이 연구결과는 사용된 LCI DB 종류에 따라 달라질 수 있고 모든 물티슈 제조공정을 대표할 수 없다.