• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2023

Objectives This study was conducted to find out the correlation between lumbar malposition and lumbar disc herniation. Methods Among the patients who visited Gwangju Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine from January 2019 to January 2021, taking 92 patients under age 60 who had the records of X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images as the research subjects, Cobb's angle was measured in anterior-posterior (AP) view and lateral (LAT) view, the number of displacements was scored by listing categories defined by The Korean Society of Chuna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves. The degree of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation was expressed as a percentage according to the method of Kato, etc., and the correlation between each factor was analyzed. Results AP curvature and MRI herniation index showed significant positive correlation in L4-L5 level but there was no significant difference in L5-S1 level. LAT curvature and MRI herniation index had no correlation in L4-L5 level, but there was a significant negative correlation in L5-S1 level. Malposition score and MRI herniation index had a significant positive correlation in L5-S1 level, whereas there was no correlation in L4-L5. Conclusions As a result of the study, AP curvature and MRI herniation index showed a significant positive tendency in L4-L5 lumbar spine, and LAT curvature and MRI herniation index showed a significant negative tendency in L5-S1 lumbar spine. Malposition score and MRI herniation index were found to have a significant positive tendency in L5-S1 lumbar spine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder that causes progressive paralysis. L-Citrulline is a nonessential neutral amino acid produced by L-arginine via nitric oxide synthase (NOS). According to previous studies, the pathogenesis of ALS entails glutamate toxicity, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and neurofilament disruption. In addition, L-citrulline prevents neuronal cell death in brain ischemia; therefore, we investigated the change in the transport of L-citrulline under various pathological conditions in a cell line model of ALS. We examined the uptake of [¹⁴C]L-citrulline in wild-type (hSOD1wt/WT) and mutant NSC-34/ SOD1^G93A (MT) cell lines. The cell viability was determined via MTT assay. A transport study was performed to determine the uptake of [¹⁴C]L-citrulline. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of rat large neutral amino acid transported 1 (rLAT1) in ALS cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO) assay was performed using Griess reagent. L-Citrulline had a restorative effect on glutamate induced cell death, and increased [¹⁴C]L-citrulline uptake and mRNA levels of the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) in the glutamate-treated ALS disease model (MT). NO levels increased significantly when MT cells were pretreated with glutamate for 24 h and restored by co-treatment with L-citrulline. Co-treatment of MT cells with L-arginine, an NO donor, increased NO levels. NSC-34 cells exposed to high glucose conditions showed a significant increase in [¹⁴C]L-citrulline uptake and LAT1 mRNA expression levels, which were restored to normal levels upon co-treatment with unlabeled L-citrulline. In contrast, exposure of the MT cell line to tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharides, and hypertonic condition decreased the uptake significantly which was restored to the normal level by co-treating with unlabeled L-citrulline. L-Citrulline can restore NO levels and cellular uptake in ALS-affected cells with glutamate cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or other pathological states, suggesting that L-citrulline supplementation in ALS may play a key role in providing neuroprotection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

형상기억합금(shape memory alloy; SMA)은 소성가공을 통하여 원하는 형태로 변형시킨 이후에도(현재로서는 최대 10%미만의 변형) 일정조건의 열을 가하면 원래의 형상으로 복원되는 합금을 말한다. 형상기억효과는 고상(solid state)에서의 금속조직이 오스테나이트(austenite: 이하 A 또는 B2상)로부터 마르텐사이트(martensite: 이하 M 또는 B19'상)로, 다시 역으로 마르텐사이트에서 오스테나이트로의 변태에 기인되는 것으로 밝혀지고 있으며 이러한 변태는 온도유기변태(temperature induced transformation)와 응력유기변태(stress induced transformation)로 분류할 수 있다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1979

Examining the polychaetous annelids collected from the Yellow $Sea(30^{\circ}20'\;N\;Lat.\;124^{\circ}35'\;E\;Long)$ Jinhae Bay, Yeocheon Bay, Jeju Do and Weolpo. I found five species which should be added in the list as new to the polychaetous annelids fauna of Korea. In the present study five species are reported morphological descriptions. Consquently, a total 125 species of polychaetous has been reported(Kamita and Sato 1941; Paik 1972, 1973a, 1973b, 1975a, 1975b, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979; Lee 1976; Rho and Song 1974, 1975) in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2010

In Korea, land mapping and ocean charting have traditionally different vertical datum for purposes. Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs(MLTM) has promoted National Unified Vertical Datum project in 2009. In this study the development of National Unified Vertical Datum is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1996

Spatial distribution characteristics, volume backscattering strength and species composition of midwater trawling catch was analyzed biological and acoustical characteristics of anchovy shoal, using a high resolution echo - sounder at the south region of East sea of Korea. 1) In the survey site A of Lat.35$^{\circ}$55'N, Long.129$^{\circ}$45'E, the anchovy shoal of small to middle size with the horizontal range of 10~25m and large size with the horizontal range of 40~50m were distributed together. However in the survey site B of Lat.35$^{\circ}$38'N, Long.129$^{\circ}$40'E, the anchovy shoal was observed to be mainly small size which about 78% of the detected shoal. Another was that the anchovy shoal with the vertical range of 2~8m occupied about 68.6% in the survey site A and that of 6~12m occupied about 42.5% in the survey site B. The mainly the site A and B were found to be 10~50m super (2), 64.5% and 20~80m super (2), 66%, respectively. 2) The volume backscattering strength in the site A and B were observed to be -44.0~ -28.0dB, respectively. In the site A, the backscattering strength of -40.0~ -30.0dB was analyzed about 41.4%. 3) Most of total anchovy shoal was concentrated in the water layer of 50~100m in depth with 15.3~18.5$^{\circ}C$, 34.0~34.3$\textperthousand$ in the survey site A and 14.2~16.4$^{\circ}C$, 34.1~34.2$\textperthousand$ in the survey site B. 4) Mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) of anchovy in the survey site A were 9.9cm and 4.4g respectively, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0007T$L^3.65$super (3.85). In site B, mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) were 11.2cm and 8.7g, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0023T$L^3.36$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1987

For the purpose of getting the accuracy of NNSS fix, the continuous observation was performed to search the factors affecting the accuracy of NNSS fix, and then to examine their effects. The observation was made at Lat. $35^{\circ}'||'&'||'<\TEX>05'04"N, Long. '||'&'||'129^{\circ}'||'&'||'<\TEX> 02'13"E from 28th January to 20th July in 1985. Accuracy of the position fixed in accordance with the observation time, each satellite, elevation angle doppler count, passed direction of each satellite and the antenna height were analyzed. The results obtaines are summerized as follows: 1. The deflaetion error is reduced to 0.21 miles when the geodetic system of the calculating the position converted from WGS-72 to Bessel. 2. When the elevation angle of the mountain is high, or the range of the elevation angle of satellite is 20-70 degrees, the position fixed comes nearest the true position. 3. The position fixed is more accurate on the condition that doppler count is more than 21, and at night than in daytime. 4. The accuracy of the position fixed is more seriously affected when the input data of the antenna height has considerable errors. But there occures almost little difference in the accuracy of position according to each satellite.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Generally, an electric railroad feeding system has many problems due to the different characteristics in contrast with a load of general three-phase AC electric power system. One of them is harmonics problem caused by the switching device existing in the feeding system, and moreover, the time-varying dynamic loads of rail way is inherently another cause to increase this harmonics problem. In Korea power systems, the electric railroad feeding system is directly supplied from the substation of KEPCO. Therefore, if voltages fluctuation or unbalanced voltages are created by the voltage and current distortion or voltage drop during operation, it affects directly the source of supply. The trainloads of electric railway system have non-periodic but iterative harmonic characteristics as operating condition, because the electric characteristic of the electric railroad feeding system is changed by physical conditions of the each trainload. According to the traditional study, the estimation of harmonics has been performed by deterministic way using the steady state data at the specific time. This method is easy to analyze harmonics, but it has limits in some cases which needs an assessment of dynamic load and reliability. Therefore, this paper proposes the probabilistic estimation method, moments matching method(MW) in order to overcome the drawback of deterministic method. In this paper, distributions for each harmonics are convolved to obtain the moments and cumulants of TDD(Total Demand Distortion), and this can be generalized for any number of trains. For the case study, the electric railway system of LAT(Intra Airport Transit) in Incheon International Airport is modeled using PSCAD/EMTDC dynamic simulator. The raw data of harmonics for the moments matching method is acquired from simulation of the LAT model.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities of pectoralis major, upper serratus, lat dorsi, anterior deltoid, rhomboids, infraspinatus, and posterior deltoid using Noraxon 8 channels EMG system during T-ball swing in children with Down syndrome. Five Down syndrome, one healthy children, and one baseball adult player were participated in the study. Down syndrome's children showed higher muscle activity than one healthy children and one baseball adult player during address to backswing and backswing to impact swing phase. While Down syndrome's children showed lower muscle activity than one healthy children and one baseball adult player during impact to follow swing phase. The strength of the pectoralis major and upper serratus muscle may help to improve T-ball swing movement during impact to follow swing phase.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2020

A direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was applied to treat strong nitrogenous wastewater of anaerobic digestion supernatant (ADS) and human urine (HU). The ammonia transfer was evaluated in terms of specific ammonia transfer (SAT) value, which is the ratio of total ammoniacal nitrogen divided by the amount of water transferred. The acidification resulted in low SAT values and high quality of produced water. The ammonia transfer control in the acidic condition was stronger for HU than ADS due to higher alkalinity (pH 8.8) and ammonia concentration (5700 mg-N/L) of HU. Acidified HU at pH 4 exhibited a SAT value of 1.64 × 10^-5, which was significantly smaller than the SAT value of 3.00 × 10^-3 for the original HU. The low pH enhanced the water flux for ADS, but HU showed a steep decrease in water flux due to enhanced fouling. It was considered that the fouling intensity in acidic conditions depends on the characteristics of the wastewater source. The major foulants on the MD membrane were NaCl, CaCO₃ and CuSO₄ as recognized by the SEM-EDS. Acidified ADS and HU at pH 4 showed relatively high N content of 8.18 % and 28.03 %, respectively, as organic fouling.