• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information necessary for the cleaning of excavated costumes. For the purpose, these researchers reviewed previous records of the actual cleaning of excavated costumes and then implemented and documented the processes of cleaning the Yeosan Song's costumes excavated at Mokdal-dong, Daejeon, which could date back to the early and mid periods of Choseon Dynasty. The excavated clothes of the family provide good examples for comparing men's costume of the 15th century with men's and women's of the mid and late 16th century. The total quantity of excavated remains were 184 and textiles were cotton, silk, hemp, ramie, and union cloth. The clothing remains were processed through wet or dry cleaning in accordance with their fabric condition and the extent to which they were worn or polluted. In detail, the excavated costumes of the Yeosan Song family were cleaned in two stages. For wet cleaning, both anionic(LAS) and nonionic(Triton X-100) surfactants were respectively used as cleaning agents and for dry cleaning, a mixture of n-hexane and n-decane(the ratio of 4 to 6) and petrolic dry cleaning solvent were used. After first cleaning, some cotton, ramie and hemp which had still the stains were processed bleaching and silk which were good condition was processed dry cleaning with the organic solvent again.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-261
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• 2016

The Philippines is a naturally water-rich archipelago capable of sustaining its ecological goods and providing services and needs of its people. Several waterbodies have been declared as natural wetlands in the country supporting the needs of community like water and food. In this study, 65 natural wetlands were considered including six sites that were identified as 'Wetlands of International Importance' such as Naujan Lake National Park, Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Las $Pi{\tilde{n}}as-Para{\tilde{n}}aque$ Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area and Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. There are 22 wetland types presented in this research categorizing the Philippine wetlands. Philippine wetlands are now facing tremendous challenges such as land use conversion, abuse of resources, pollution coming from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, and climate change. This paper provides an overview of Philippine wetlands in terms of their characteristics and components, impacts in the ecosystem, and the challenges they are dealing with. Moreover, the preservation measures that the government and private agencies implements to these wetlands were discussed and assessed. The enforcement of local and national laws concerning wetlands is found to be inadequate resulting in poor quality wetlands. The preservation and utilization of these wetlands can be maximized with a voluntary participation of whole Philippine community.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

The copper mineralization in Peru is intimately associated with porphyry Cu deposits and subdivides into three porphyry Cu belt as Paleocene, Eocene-Oligocene, and Miocene. Up to now, the total copper production from them reach 28 Mt Cu. The total copper production from the Paleocene Cu belt, including Toquepala, Cuajone, and Cerro Verde, accounts for approximately 57% of total copper production from Peru. But focusing mineral exploration on middle southern (Eocene-Oligocene) and northwestern part (Miocene) of Peru results in new discoveries, including La Granja, El Galeno, Las Bambas, Toromocho, and Rio Blanco, which have an estimated annual production more than 200,000 t Cu. In addition to them, thirteen Cu deposits are discovered from the Paleocene, Eocene-Oligocene, and Miocene Cu belts. Thus, Peru is supposed to produce Cu production from 2014 and increases annual production from 143 Mt Cu in 2012 to 490 Mt Cu in 2019. Due to new discoveries, it is expected that mineral exploration activities in Peru are likely to move from Paleocene Cu belt to Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene Cu belts.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.729-742
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• 2012

Recently, to using chemical coagulation process for T-P removal in STP effluent as tertiary treatment process is generalized in the country. The importance of analysis technique to save the treatment & maintenance cost during coagulation process is becoming more increased each day. Thus, it is necessary for the analysis technique during coagulation process to be presented well the characteristic of coagulation in field apply. There are a few analysis techniques such as Jar Test, zeta potential analysis and streaming current detecting techniques. But there are difficult to apply in field immediately due to long test time and difficult analysis techniques. And using PDA technique, it is reviewed applicability of the techniques as field index on pilot plant of P-CAP system The P-CAP system is composed of an in-line static mixer, a Flocculation Tank and the CAP reactor with 2 stage weir for effluent. Pre-test is performed to fix the mixing velocity in the Flocculation Tank using the PDA equipment and it fixed with 30RPM. Also, Jar Test is performed to select optimum dose of each coagulant for each T-P concentration level of influent. Result of continuous test on pilot plant of P-CAP system, the FSI in the Flocculation Tank is increased consistently by increasing each dosing concentration of coagulant such as LAS and PAC in the low level influent T-P concentration comparatively. It is considered that formed Al-hydroxide complexes for dosed coagulant are caused FSI variation. Furthermore, it seems that FSI value in the high level influent T-P concentration appeared lower than the opposite influent condition relatively because it is formed simultaneously Al-hydroxide complexes as solid type and Al-phosphorus complexes as soluble type. Thus, relation of FSI by PDA technique and T-P removal of final effluent on pilot plant of P-CAP system are very limited for the kind of coagulant and the characteristics of influent. And it though that FSI value by PDA technique with analyzing of turbidity in Flocculation Tank will be used restrictedly on field as the relative field-index.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.414-422
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• 1984

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of polluted Oncheon Stream on the marine organisms in the Suyeong Bay. Water quality and 96 hr acute toxicity to the sea urchin, Hemicentrotns pulcherrimus by recirculation bioassay were examined from Feb. 20 to Apr. 15, 1984. The 96 hr $50\%$ effective concentration($EC_{50}$) on the attachment of the podia of the sea urchin was observed to occur at test concentrations between 40.0 and $51.0\%$ (v/v), and safe concentrations may be assumed to be within 4.0 and $5.1\%$. These values indicate as follows : 1. Oncheon Stream was extremely polluted by oxygen-demanding wastes and synthetic organic compounds from sewage and industrial waste water. 2. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS) which has not been yet included in water quality standard was discharged above the TLm. 3. Unknown toxicity may be synergy among complex substances. In consideration of the relationship between COD values of Oncheon Stream and dilution water, the effect of toxicity of Oncheon Stream water reached to the area of the Suyeong Bay where the COD value was found to be 12.2 ppm.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.665-669
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• 2015

The Kepler mission has shown that small planets are extremely common. It is likely that nearly every star in the sky hosts at least one rocky planet. We just need to look hard enough-but this requires vast amounts of telescope time. MINERVA (MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array) is a dedicated exoplanet observatory with the primary goal of discovering rocky, Earth-like planets orbiting in the habitable zone of bright, nearby stars. The MINERVA team is a collaboration among UNSW Australia, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Penn State University, University of Montana, and the California Institute of Technology. The four-telescope MINERVA array will be sited at the F.L. Whipple Observatory on Mt Hopkins in Arizona, USA. Full science operations will begin in mid-2015 with all four telescopes and a stabilised spectrograph capable of high-precision Doppler velocity measurements. We will observe ~100 of the nearest, brightest, Sun-like stars every night for at least five years. Detailed simulations of the target list and survey strategy lead us to expect $15{\pm}4$ new low-mass planets.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

Purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the production of antibacterial substances and histamine in rennet curd prepared by inoculation of histamine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and probiotic LAB. Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei PIL52 and Lactobacillus plantarum FIL20 produced strong antimicrobial agents against histamine-producing bacteria Lactobacillus brevis LAS129, Enterococcus faecium SBP12, and Enterococcus faecalis SBP58. The lactic acid and crude bacteriocin produced from the probiotic LAB inhibited histamine-producing bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. As the number of probiotic LAB inoculated for the production of rennet curd increased, the antibacterial activity against histamine-producing bacteria was elevated due to the increased amount of lactic acid and crude bacteriocin in the sample. The growth of probiotic LAB as well as histamine-producing bacteria was inhibited by addition of 10% NaCl, thus the antibacterial substances and histamine contents in rennet curd were significantly lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the histamine content was not significantly increased when the rennet curd prepared by mixing probiotic LAB and histamine-producing bacteria was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. However, the amount of histamine detected in the rennet curd was significantly (P < 0.05) increased because the antibacterial activity of the bacteriocin produced by the probiotic LAB was decreased at $20^{\circ}C$ for 20 days.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.792-798
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the washing conditions in which surfactants were not detected after washing fruits and vegetables with detergent. Residual surfactants were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The analyzed surfactants were LAS, SLES, AOS, SLS, CAPB, and LDAO. The survey found that 14% of the respondents used detergent correctly according to the directions indicated. After soaking the samples with 0.2% detergent, the average residual surfactant content was 2.61%. Soaking under 1% and 5% of the detergent, 4.68-5.50% of surfactant remained in the sample. In cherry tomatoes, the surfactants were below the LOD after rinsing twice. However, lettuce was rinsed three times. These results suggest that when using detergent for washing fruits and vegetables, following the labelled usage and rinsing at least three times in 30 seconds could minimize residual surfactants.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2008

In this paper, we have presented a dynamic, predictive location update scheme that takes into account each user's mobility patterns. A user's past movement history is used to create two-dimensional transition probability matrix which makes use of two directional consecutive location areas. A mobile terminal utilizes the transition probability to develop a predictive path which consists of several predictive nodes and then the location update is saved as long as a mobile user follows the predictive path. Using continuous-time Markov chain, cost functions of location update and paging are derived and it is shown that the number of predictive nodes can be determined optimally. To evaluate the proposed scheme, simulations are designed and the numerical analysis is carried out. The numerical analysis features user's mobility patterns and regularity, call arrival rates, and cost ratio of location update to paging. Results show that the proposed scheme gives lower total location management cost, compared to the other location update schemes.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72.4-73
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• 2015

Over the last decade, more than 50 quasars have been discovered at redshift about 6 when reionization of the universe occurred. However, most of them are luminous quasars (zAB < 21 mag), implying that such a biased quasar sample, which cannot represent the entire population of quasars at z~6, is not enough to understand the properties of quasars in the early universe. Recently, we have been performing the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS), a moderately wide (120 deg2) and deep (JAB ~ 22.5 - 23 mag) near-infrared imaging survey. Combining this with the optical (ugriz) imaging data from the CFHT Legacy Survey (CFHTLS), we have identified more than 10 faint quasar candidates at z~6 in the IMS field by using multiple color selection criteria. From now on, we will perform spectroscopic confirmations of these faint quasar candidates with IMACS on the Magellan Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and GMOS on the Gemini South Telescope at Gemini Observatory. The confirmed quasars will be used to constrain the faint-end slope of the quasar luminosity function at z~6 and calculate the ratio of quasar ionizing flux to required flux for reionization of the universe. Moreover, these confirmed quasars will be followed up with near-infrared spectroscopy to determine their black hole masses and Eddington ratios to check the rapidness of their growth.