• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.809-819
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• 2022

This study was conducted to improve the stability of cut slopes of forest roads in granitic weathered soil areas. The study area is a national forest road (road length 28.48 km) in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. After data collection, a statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS (Ver. 26.0). First, the correlation analysis showed that structure, slope position, soil erosion, slope, and aspect (N, S) were correlated with vegetation coverage (p < 0.05). Elapsed years, slope distance, and aspect (E, W) were found to have no correlation with vegetation coverage. (p > 0.05) Second, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that vegetation coverage was worse when the slope was located at the top or the middle of the slope than at the bottom of the slope. In addition, the site with sheathing and gabions showed good vegetation coverage when compared with the site without structures. In the case of soil erosion, areas with severe damage and moderate damage showed worse vegetation coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the slope angle of the cut soil of the granitic weathered soil area from 1 : 0.5 - 1.2 to 1 : 0.8 - 1.5. In addition, structures such as sheathing and gabions should be installed on granitic weathered land.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.55-71
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• 1991

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental design through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of Basemsagol valley sequence landscape. For this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Also, this study aims to understand semiotics and to grope the possibility of application to the sequence landscape assessment. A semiological approach suggests a new dimension in sequence landscape assessment, which is a contrast to the existing scientific evaluation methods. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Visual volumes of the immediate vegetation, rock, bridge, road and distant vegetation are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of natural park sequence landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, potentiality, natural quality, spatial, appeal and dignity. By using the control method for the number of factors, T.V. has been obtained as 40.22%. The characteristics of the semiological approach is qualitative, open, holistic, and experiential, whereas that of the scientific approach is quantitative, closed, reductive, and experimental.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-84
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Hence, in this paper we utilized landscape adjectives as a way to enhance the objectivity of the organic agricultural complex landscape assessment. More specifically, not only this study used a landscape image of an organic agricultural complex to identify a landscape adjective suitable for the landscape elements but also this study confirmed the suitability of landscape adjectives comparing to the opinions of experts and the public. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 12 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result of deriving the landscape adjectives from the main landscape elements, there were nine landscape adjectives that were consistent with experts and the public, including "clear" and "Artless" for rice paddies and fields, while the mismatched landscape adjectives were 'traditional'. The accent planting was a combination of landscape adjectives such as 'natural' and 'clear', while the windbreak trees was a consensus of all landscape adjectives. Only two adjectives, 'friendly' and 'wild', agreed on the dirt load, nine dum-bung(small pond), ten natural small river, nine duckery, eight one-storied houses, 10 pavilion, eight monoculture and diverse crops, and three natural waterways. The most common landscape adjectives were windbreak trees, pavilions, and natural small river, all 10 landscape adjectives. However, it is considered that only three of the 10 landscape types on the dirt road and the natural number are matched. Thus, additional management measures will be needed. In addition, it was analyzed that the most common landscape adjectives were "Artless" and "friendly" 13 times. The landscape adjectives of the organic farming complex responded by experts were analyzed to be suitable for natural, clear, zingy, silent, traditional, artless, friendly, wild and Leisurely, and consistent with the general public's opinion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and visually analyze the degree of green biotope fragmentation caused by road construction and other development work using FRAGSTATS and GUIDOS tool. Moreover, linking of the endangered species research, we mapped "Biotope Fragmentation Map" of Daejeon-city. The findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, as the result of FRAGSTATS, landscape indices : number of patch(NP), mean patch size (MPS), edge length(TE), mean nearest neighbor distance(MNN), edge shape(LSI) showed meaningful change from fragmentation. Moreover, the result of GUIDOS analysis, middle core-small core-bridge-branch-edge-islet-perforation showed increase of area percentage without large core. Lastly, analysis result of 'Biotope Fragmentation Map' revealed that changing site of large core's size appeared eighteen-site and designated as the special protection area appeared forty-one site. As the result of the two data, overlapping areas that showed both change of core size and revealed special protection areas revealed four site. For example, five species of endangered species appeared on the NO. 4 site in 'Biotope Fragmentation Map'. The findings of this study as summarized above are considered to play an important role in basic data preventing green biotope fragmentation at the planned level from various development work.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

Road development is considered an important factor in invasion and dispersion of ailen plants by damaging the natural ecosystems and connecting the detached landscapes into long tubular structures. In this study, vegetation survey was carried out according to the topographical characteristics of cut slope, fill slope, and flat land at the construction site in order to understand the effect of road developemt on the change of the floristic composition of ailen plants. Road developement projects caused a lot of changes in annual and biennial alien plants because of continuous disturbances. Changes in species composition of alien plants decreased in the cut slope. On the other hand, the ailen palnts of the fill slope increased. The increase or decrease alien plants on flat land were identified depending on where it occurred, and no major trend was found. The cause of these change was driven by unintentionally introduced alien plants. In particular, the cut slope with a high occurence of unintentional ailen plants should not be used as a source of high-risk alien plants such as ecosystem disturbances. Since the transplanted species were intentionally planted by the landscape plan, it was possible to identify colonies from early stages and spread to the nearby flat land. Therefore, in order to minimize the impact of road slope vegetation on the surrounding ecosystem during and after road construction, it is suggested to plant high viability plants in the landscape design during the environmental impact assessment consultation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.451-455
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• 2005

Surveys for visitor's awareness and on-the-spot investigations at Odae Mountain National Park were conducted for activation of nature interpretation. As a result, many problems on observation trails as the object of the nature interpretation were identified. The nature interpretation is not functioning fully for the side of environmental education. The situation and problems of nature interpretation were analyzed in depth based on the survey of the visitors. In order to improve roles of the nature observation trails and solve the present problems immediately, suggestions are as the followings. I) Road resurfacing and space development needed to solve the problems of existing nature observation trail. 2) Public relations for nature observation trail and production of signboards promoting visitor's interest. 3) Development of nature observation trail used only for nature interpretation 4) Development of adequate Korean interpretation program based on systematic nature interpretation models from other developed countries

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.83-91
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the arrangement of parks, in whole city level by using park's effective distance and to find the accessibility obstacles in case of using parks, in boundary of each parks' effective distance, so that to show how to improve communities' usage of city parks. The 8 cities in Gyeonggi-do and analysed the effective distance of parks. To find the accessibility obstacles in the boundary of parks' effective distance, 1) we choose 18 sample parks and extract obstacles - wide road, rail road, river- in interior and verify it by field survey and asking the park user's residents directly. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, Ansan city and Goyang city are only satisfied with the minimal city parks size standard, so that the rest 6 cities are lack of quantities which residents can use. The result of analyzing effective distance in whole city level, parks are mainly designated in new-town, so that most cities which have old-towns have very poor park systems to use. Because Ansan city is new-planned city, it is very effective arrangement in park systems exceptionally. Second, $96.2\%$ of park users' are living in the area which was easy to gain access not intercepted by wide road, rail road or river. Third, therefore at the stage of planning park, effective distance and resident's accessibility as well as park's supply quantitatively are needed to be considered. In addition, selection of location and elevation of resident's safety and accessibility through making a plan must be reflected. In the low accessibility area, the program to improve park's accessibility and amenity - like making small park or pocket park, linking parks with resident-friendly road etc.- has to be investigated.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.25
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

The aim of this research is to set improvement guidance a character analysis of woodland edge to cope with the ecological dysfunction of woodland which was caused by massive development project and thoughtless development in country areas. The summary of research result are as follows. 1) From the result of landscape ecology characteristic analysis of woodland in all seven research sites, to begin with, in proportion of appearance by vegetation layer and condition of composition, site 5 showed to be most satisfactory. 2) A width of woodland edge was revealed 7.5m as a minimum, 17.0m as a maximum, and 11.4m as a average and minimum edge was set as 10m according to integrated analysis on each example place. 3) As a result of flexibility analysis, site 1, 2 and 5 was shown high value 3, and it is thought that curve rather than linearity should be maintained in order to increase the ecological function. Also, a phenomenon of straight was prominent, and as a woodland edge, green network and buffering system showed to be somewhat unsatisfactory. 4) Based on the result of character analysis of landscape ecology, main guidelines for improvement of woodland edge were categorized into five in parallel structure and three in vertical structure respectively. The guidelines for improvement of woodland edge suggested by the research has a deep meaning in that it is used as a basic material to induce for controling more systematically or landscape-friendly the defamed forest problems caused by road construction, various development projects, and enlargement of agricultural lands.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.142-156
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• 2011

This study aims to suggest improvements in night landscape lighting of Bomun Lake, a representative waterfront landscape in Gyeongju which is the city designated as UNESCO World Heritage in December 2000. This study divided the area into three types of sections-that is, road section, walking section, and landscape section- based on the present condition of land use and users of the Bomun Lake area. In addition, this study classified the lightingtypes by section into nine lighting types-that is, road, crossroad, parking lot, pedestrian passage, trail, sculpture, tree, waterfront deck-by comparing them to the park lighting types suggested by the KS A illuminance standards, and examined the problems of the current Bomun Lake lighting base on the standards. By using this as basic data, this study established relevant plans and collected research material. This study suggested directions of each of the three sections and improvements in illuminance, color temperature, creating methods of each of the nine lighting types to the night Lighting planning of the Bomun Lake area reflecting the landscape characteristics of Gyeongju, a historical, cultural city.