• 센서학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2015

In order to prevent drink-driving by detecting concentration of alcohol from driver's exhale breath, twenty chemical sensors fabricated. The one of purposes for sensor array which consists of those sensors is to discriminate between target gas(alcohol) and interference gases($CH_3CH_2OH$, CO, NOx, Toluene, and Xylene). Wilks's lambda was presented to achieve above purpose and optimal sensors were selected using the method. In this paper, step-wise sensor elimination based on Euclidean distance was investigated for selecting optimal sensors and compared with a result of Wilks's lambda method. The selectivity and sensitivity of sensor array were used for comparing performance of sensor array as a result of two methods. The data acquired from selected sensor were analyzed by pattern analysis methods, principal component analysis and Sammon's mapping to analyze cluster tendency in the low space (2D). The sensor array by stepwise sensor elimination method had a better sensitivity and selectivity compared to a result of Wilks's lambda method.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2003

This paper presents a new evaporative system monitoring method using a virtual HC sensor for an automotive on-board diagnosis. A development was made at providing mathematical expressions from the lambda control information to estimate the HC mass flow purged into the intake manifold from the canister for implementing a virtual HC sensor. The change of the lambda averagevalue reflected the influence of the additional fuel from purging results the sensor estimation of the purged HC amount. Based on this virtual HC sensor, a new evaporative system monitoring method was proposed comparing the amount of purged HC amount with the amount of the HC gas evaporated from the fuel tank and absorbed into the canister. Finally, the method was validated with a simulation using the data logged from the retail car.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2007

해수 속으로 입수된 하향 태양에너지 (down-welling irradiance)가 수심이 깊어짐에 따라 확산 소산되는 정도를 나타내는 하향 확산 감쇠계수 (Diffuse attenuation coefficient of down-welling irradiance, $K_d({\lambda})$)와 해수 속에서의 가시거리를 나타내는 수중시계는 수중에서의 광학적 성격을 나타내는 중요한 지수이다. 이러한 $K_d({\lambda})$ 및 수중시계에 대한 많은 연구가 세계적으로 여러 해역에 대해 수행되어 왔지만 우리나라 연안 해역을 대상으로 하는 연구는 매우 적은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 황해 중부해역을 대상으로 $K_d({\lambda})$ 및 수중시계를 관측하였고, 해색위성용 $K_d({\lambda})$ 및 수중시계 알고리즘을 개발하였다. $K_d({\lambda})$ 및 수중시계 관측을 위하여 2006년 9월 $19{\sim}22$일, 4일 동안 황해 중부해역에서 현장관측을 실시하였으며, 총 39개 정점에서 해양 광학적 자료와 해양 환경적 자료를 획득하였다. 획득된 자료를 이용하여 경험적 방법으로 $K_d({\lambda})$와 수중시계 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, 개발된 알고리즘들은 각각 기존의 대양의 자료를 이용하여 개발된 SeaWiFS 해색 센서용 $K_d({\lambda})$ 알고리즘과 NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)에서 개발된 SeaWiFS 센서용 수중시계 알고리즘과 비교하여 보았다. $K_d({\lambda})$ 알고리즘의 경우는 탁도가 높은 해역 값에서 약간의 차이를 보였으며, 수중시계 알고리즘의 경우 NRL의 알고리즘에 비해 약간 높은 계수 값을 얻었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2007

In this paper, we presented the development results of high speed wavefront sensor which is used in diagnosing the beam quality of He-Ne laser for adaptive optics system. The beam quality information of laser in AO system is necessarily required for diagnosing the optical components or correcting the distorted wavefront afterward. According to system requirements, normally, it is requested that there are high precision of measurement and real time processing speed. The developed wavefront sensor in this paper achieved maximum 30Hz of measurement rate and ${\lambda}/20(\;{@}\;{\lambda}=0.6328{\mu}m)$ of measurement precision in RMS. We also applied the developed into an experimental adaptive system and verified the performance of it by correcting the aberrated wavefront with a rate of 30Hz and $\lambda$/20 precision using the combination of the developed and PID control algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1115-1119
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to study on the idle speed control sing the fuzzy logic controller under load disturbance. The inputs of the fuzzy controller are error of rpm and rpm variation. The output of fuzzy controller is an ISC motor step. The airflow is controlled by the ISC motor movement and the idle speed is controlled by the airflow control. During the control, air to fuel ratio was checked by LAMBDA sensor. All experiments were carried in real vehicle.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2020

데이터의 양은 기술의 발전으로 크게 증가하였고 이를 처리하기 위해 다양한 빅데이터 처리 플랫폼이 등장하고 있다. 이 중 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 플랫폼이 Apache 소프트웨어 재단에서 개발한 하둡이며, 하둡은 IoT 분야에도 사용된다. 그러나 기존에 하둡 기반 IoT 센서 데이터 수집 분석 환경은 하둡의 코어 프로젝트인 HDFS의 Small File로 인한 네임노드의 과부하 문제와 임포트된 데이터의 업데이트나 삭제가 불가능하다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 Apache Kudu와 Impala를 활용해 Lambda Architecture를 설계한다. 제안하는 구조는 IoT 센서 데이터를 Cold-Data와 Hot-Data로 분류해 각 성격에 맞는 스토리지에 저장하고 배치를 통해 생성된 배치뷰와 Apache Kudu와 Impala를 통해 생성된 실시간뷰를 활용해 기존 하둡 기반 IoT 센서 데이터 수집 분석 환경의 문제를 해결하고 사용자가 분석된 데이터에 접근하는 시간을 단축한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Nowadays, most major automobile manufacturers are very interested, and actively involved, in developing driver alcohol detection system for safety (DADSS) that serves to prevent driving under the influence. DADSS measures the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from the driver's breath and limits the ignition of the engine of the vehicle if the BAC exceeds the reference value. In this study, to optimize the sensor array of the DADSS, we selected sensors by using three different methods, configured the sensor arrays, and then compared their performance. The Wilks' lambda, stepwise elimination and filter method (using a principal component) were used as the sensor selection methods [2,3]. We compared the performance of the arrays, by using the selectivity and sensitivity as criteria, and Sammon mapping for the analysis of the cluster type of each gas. The sensor array configured by using the stepwise elimination method exhibited the highest sensitivity and selectivity and yielded the best visual result after Sammon mapping.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.802-812
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• 2018

Disease discrimination using an electronic nose is achieved by measuring the presence of a specific gas contained in the exhaled breath of patients. Many studies have reported the presence of acetone in the breath of diabetic patients. These studies suggest that acetone can be used as a biomarker of diabetes, enabling diagnoses to be made by measuring acetone levels in exhaled breath. In this study, we perform a chemical sensor array optimization to improve the performance of an electronic nose system using Wilks' lambda, sensor selection based on a principal component (B4), and a stepwise elimination (SE) technique to detect the presence of acetone gas in human breath. By applying five different temperatures to four sensors fabricated from different synthetic materials, a total of 20 sensing combinations are created, and three sensing combinations are selected for the sensor array using optimization techniques. The measurements and analyses of the exhaled breath using the electronic nose system together with the optimized sensor array show that diabetic patients and control groups can be easily differentiated. The results are confirmed using principal component analysis (PCA).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.547-548
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• 2020

데이터의 양은 기술의 발전과 함께 크게 증가하였다. Hadoop은 빅데이터 분야에서 사용되는 대표적인 빅데이터 처리 플랫폼으로 IoT 분야에서도 사용된다. HDFS(Haddop Distributed File System)는 Hadoop의 코어 프로젝트로 블록 기반의 대용량 데이터 저장소다. 기존의 Hadoop 기반 IoT 센서 데이터 수집 환경은 HDFS를 사용한다. 그러나 HDFS의 Small File로 인한 네임노드의 과부하 문제와 한 번 Import된 데이터의 Update와 Delete를 지원하지 않는 Hadoop의 특징으로 인해 성능과 활용이 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 기존 Hadoop 기반 IoT 센서 데이터 수집 환경의 단점을 극복하기 위해 Lambda 구조를 적용한 IoT 센서 데이터 수집 환경을 설계한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2001

The purpose of study is to obtain low-emission and high-efficiency in LPG engine with hydrogen enrichment. The test engine was named heavy-duty variable compression ratio single cylinder engine (VCSCE). The fuel supply system provides LPG/hydrogen mixtures based on same heating value. Various sensors such as crank shaft position sensor (CPS) and hall sensor supply spark timing data to ignition controller. Displacement of VCSCE is $1858.2cm^3$. VCSCE was runned 1400rpm with compression ratio 8. Spark timing was set MBT without knocking. Relative air-fuel ratio(${\lambda}$) of this work was varied between 0.76 and 1.5. As a result, i) Maximum thermal efficiency occurred at ${\lambda}$ value 1.0. It was shown that thermal efficiency was increased approximately 5% with hydrogen enrichment at same ${\lambda}$ value. ii) Engine-out carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were decreased at a great rate under LPG/hydrogen mixture fuelling. iii) Total hydrocarbon (THC) emission was much exhausted in rich zone, same as CO. But THC was exhausted a little bit more in lean zone. iv) Finally, engine-out oxides of nitrogen (NOx) was increased with ${\lambda}$ value 1.0 zone at a greater rate with hydrogen enrichment due to high adiabatic flame temperature.