• 분석과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2001

우라늄산화물중 Cs의 전자탐침 미세분석시 우라늄에 의한 방해와 몇 가지 Cs 화합물의 Cs $L_{\alpha}$ X-선 세기 안정도를 측정하였다. Cs 화합물 중 CsI의 Cs $L_{\alpha}$ X-선 세기가 가속전압과 결정의 종류에 관계없이 가장 높았다. 빔전류량 100 nA 사용시 Cs $L_{\alpha}$ X-선 세기는 측정시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며, X-선 세기의 감소율은 가속전압과 빔전류량에 비례하였으나 빔직경에 반비례하였다. $UO_2$ 시편에 함유된 Cs의 전자탐침미세분석시 LiF결정의 Cs $L_{\alpha}$ X-선 파장을 사용하면 우라늄에 의한 방해를 제거 할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.651-663
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• 2016

옥수수수염, 율무, 표고버섯 그리고 사과껍질 70% 주정 추출물들(CS, JT, LE, AP)은 항산화 활성이 있었고, 그것 중에 CS가 총폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거작용, ABTS 라디칼 소거작용 그리고 환원력과 같은 항산화 효과가 가장 높았다. 지방분화는 CS, JT, LE, AP 그리고 옥수수수염, 율무, 표고버섯 그리고 사과껍질을 함유한 개발 빵 추출물(DB)을 각각 처리한 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 연구하였다. DB1과 DB2는 지방 전구세포 분화 억제 및 항산화 효과가 있었다. 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 중성지방 축적은 실험한 시료들(CS, JT, LE, AP) 중에서 CS가 분화된 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 TG 축적을 가장 억제하였고 3T3-L1에서 지방분화와 관련된 인자들을 조절하였다. CS는 3T3-L1 세포에서 지방구 형성과 지방세포 분화를 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 지방분화 동안 다양한 농도(10, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$)에서 CS와 함께 처리한 3T3-L1 세포에서 $C/EBP{\beta}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ 그리고 aP2 mRNA와 단백질 수준에 대한 CS의 영향력을 실험하였고, 3T3-L1 지방세포에 CS 처리는 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 aP2 mRNA 발현을 감소시켰다. CS는 역시 지방분화 중에 $C/EBP{\beta}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$와 aP2 단백질의 증가를 현저하게 저해하였다. 개발된 빵들은 CS에 의해 지방 전구세포(3T3-L1 preadipocytes) 분화 억제 효과가 있고, CS는 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 $C/EBP{\beta}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$와 aP2 신호전달경로를 저해함으로써 지방 전구세포 분화 억제 효과를 나타내었다. JT, LE와 AP는 지방 전구세포 분화 억제 효과는 없었지만 강한 항산화 효과가 있었다. 이들 결과는 개발된 빵이 비만예방 및 억제뿐만 아니라 산화적 스트레스에 의해 유발되는 질병에 도움을 줄 수 있는 건강빵이라는 것을 제안하였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

Research on strategic Code-Switching (CS) of second language learners in teaching English in English (TEE) program provides an elaborate framework for analyzing how learners manage to express themselves in spite of their limited knowledge of the target language. This research presupposes that L2 learners' CS presents innovative solutions for communicative strategy, and that CS used as communicative strategy can promote L2 learners' language acquisition. The major questions of current research involve examining the significant patterns of different functions of CS in L2 learners' interaction and investigating L2 learners' CS styles according to the different functions of CS. The implication of CS utility is regarded as a teaching technique in the TEE program. Recorded transcript is analyzed to trace the same pattern and the categorization of CS as well as to recognize the functions of CS and their ratio. Hence, this leads to the conclusion that learners' negotiation between code selection and communication intention occurs in patterns. The learners' CS tends to be predictable, reproductive, and systematic, as one of the language acquisition phases. Therefore, the attention to the CS in the TEE program should be redirected in communication substantiality toward the principles of pragmatics. As an additional advantage of the CS analysis, this research elaborates on a conceptual acceptance of CS as a set of learners' strategies in the TEE program.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2623-2626
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• 2003

GPS provides two services which include SPS(Standard Positioning Service) and PPS(Precise Positioning Service). While SPS users can navigate in more precise due to cancellation of SA(Selective Availability), SPS users has still less precision navigation than PPS users. L1/L2CS integrated receiver can provide more precise navigation to SPS users because the delay of Ionosphere will be cancelled by using two frequencies (L1 and L2). This paper designs an integrated L1/L2CS digital correlator to prepare the L2C signal that will be provided in 2003. Also L2CS transmitter is designed to confirm L2CS correlator.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.238-238
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• 1996

각종 동물 및 인체 신장 유래 DHP-I에 의한 DA-1131, imipenem(IPM) 및 meropenem(MEPM)의 속도 상수를 측정한 결과, DA-1131은 동물종에 관계없이 가장 안정성이 큰 결과를 나타내었고, 인체 DHP-I에 대한 Vmax/Km 값이 IPM의 21.9%로 관찰되어 IPM보다 하위 기질인 것으로 확인되었다. DA-1131, IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS의 20mg/kg투여 후의 혈중농도 반감기(T$_{1}$2/)는 각각 11.4분, 8.9분, 10.3분이었으며, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상의 혈중농도룰 유지하는 시간은 66.6 분, 55.9 분, 63.1 분이었다. DA-1131, DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS의 40 mg/kg 투여 후 24시간 동안의 뇨중 배설율은 57.9 %, 61.3%, 22.6 %, 11.3% 및 65.9%이었으며, 각 약물을 40 mg/kg 투여 15분 후 DA-ll3l의 폐중 농도는 11.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었으며 T/P ratio도 DA-1131, DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS 와 MEPM/CS 투여군에서 거의 동일한 것으로 확인되었다. 신장중 농도는 DA-1131 과 DA-l131/CS의 경우 29.l$\mu\textrm{g}$/g 및 34.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS 투여군에 비하여는 높은 결과로 나타났고 T/P ratio도 DA-1131과 DA-l131/CS 투여군이 IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS 투여군보다 놓은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2018

CS molecule is known to be adsorbed onto dust in cold dense cores, causing its significant depletion in the center region of cores. This study is aimed to investigate the depletion of CS molecule with optically thin $C^{34}S$ molecular line observations, including significance of its differentiation depending on the evolutionary status of the dense cores. We mapped five evolved starless cores, L1544, L1552, L1689B, L694-2 and L1197 using two molecular lines, $C^{34}S$ (J=2-1) and $N_2H^+$ (J=1-0) with NRO 45 m telescope. The $H^2$ column density and temperature structures of each targets were obtained by SED fitting for Herschel continuum images and the internal number density profiles by model fitting. All of the integrated intensity maps of $C^{34}S$ show depletion holes and 'semi-ring-like' distribution, indicating that the depletion of CS is clear and general. The radial profiles of CS abundance also show significant decrease towards the core center, while $N_2H^+$ abundance is almost constant or enhanced. We find that the more evolved cores with higher $H^2$ density tend to have a stronger depletion of CS. Our data strongly support claims that CS molecule generally depletes out in the central regions of starless dense cores and such chemical differentiation is closely related to their evolution.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.62.1-62.1
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• 2014

We present preliminary results on the chemical differentiation of two dense gas tracers CS and $N_2H^+$ in five 'evolved' starless cores, L1544, L1552, L1689B, L694-2 and L1197, using our mapping observations in $C^{34}S$(J=2-1) and $N_2H^+$(J=1-0) with Nobeyama 45-m telescope. We compared the intensity maps of two molecular lines with 850 ${\mu}m$ continuum data which precisely trace the density distribution of the dense cores, finding that all of our targets show the central depletion holes in CS distribution, but the similar distribution in $N_2H^+$ to the one in dust continuum. Our data confirm the claim that CS molecule generally deplete out in the central region in starless cores, while $N_2H^+$ keep abundant as they get evolved. The detailed quantitative analysis on CS depletion in the dense cores, for example, the size of CS depletion area and radial (or gas density) dependence of CS depletion, is underway and will be presented in the meeting.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2014

44 compounds and 9 minerals were isolated from and detected in the New Zealand deer velvet antler Cervus elaphus var. scoticus L$\ddot{o}$nnberg. The chemical structures of (1 - 26) were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature, respectively. The structures were identified as cholesterol (CS, 6), 7-keto-CS (7), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS (8), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS (9), and included 12 steroid $3{\beta}$-O-(palmitic/stearic/myristic acid esters; PM/SA/MS) [CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (1 - 1), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (1 - 2), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (1 - 3), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (2 - 1), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (2 - 2), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (2 - 3), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (3 -1), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (3 - 2), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (3 - 3), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (4 - 1), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (4 - 2), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (4 - 3)], dinonyl phthalate (5), 8 nucleic acids analogues [uracil (10), deoxyguanosine (11), deoxyuridine (12), uridine (13), deoxyadenosine (14), adenosine (15), inosine (16), and guanosine (17)], and the 9 free amino acids [L-phenylalanine (18), L-isoleucine (19), L-leucine (20), L-tyrosine (21), L-valine (22), L-proline (23), L-threonine (24), L-alanine (25), and L-hydroxyproline (26)]. Also, there are 8 kinds of amino acids [asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, arginine, methionine, and lysine], 2 sialic acids [N-acetylneuraminic acid (27), ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (28)], and 9 minerals [Na > K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Al > Cu] were detected from the autoaminoacid analyzer and ICP spectrometer, HPAEC-PAD/HPLC-FLD, respectively. 9 kinds of oxycholesterol-$3{\beta}$-O-fatty acid ester (2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3, 3 - 1, 3 - 2, 3 - 3, 4 - 1, 4 - 2, and 4 - 3) and 3 nucleic acids (12, 14, and 15) were isolated from the velvet antler for the first time. 6 kinds of steroids (7, 8, 9, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, and 4 - 1) were examined for their anti-proliferative effects against L1210, P388D1, K562, MEG-01, KG-1, MOLT-4, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and SW-620 cancer cell lines. They showed anti-proliferative effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06, 2.16, 2.42, > 50.0, 1.66 and $8.31{\mu}M$ against L1210, while the values were 24.05, 9.44, 5.22, 0.25. 9.48 and $49.77{\mu}M$ against P388D1, respectively. The others were inactive.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.888-892
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• 2000

Antimicrobial activity of Caesalpina sappan L. extract (CS extract) against 6 kinds of food spoilage and pathogenic organisms was studied. The growth of Listeria monocytogenes Brie 1, Escherichis coli ATCC 11775, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11775, and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11775 was inhibited about 4 to 5 $log_{10}$ cycle in Tryptic soy Broth(TSB) containing 1% CS extract. Bacillus subtilis KCTC 102 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ACTT 17802 did not show apparent growth in the same medium. Effect of CS extract on preservation of ground meat was also investigated. The range of pH change was 5.0~5.2 in CS extract added ground meat, 5.2~6.0 in CS extract not added ground meat (control) during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Number of total bacteria after 15 days storage was $10^{6}$/g in CS extract added ground meat, 10$^3$/g in control. Redness of ground meats was improved significantly by addition of 1% CS extract during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The sensory quality of 1% CS extract added hamburger patty was similar to that of the control in taste, flavor, and overall acceptability.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1987

경엽처리제초제(莖葉處理除草劑)로스 glyphosate를 살포(撒布)할 때 여러 종류의 초종(草種)에서 살포량수준(撒布量水準)과 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77과 Triton CS-7의 첨가(添加)에 따른 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)을 조사하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Glyphosate의 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)은 살포량(撒布量)이옥수수의 경우 10 l~20 l/10a, 쑥의 경우 40 l/10 a일 때 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77과 Triton CS-7을 첨가(添加)함으로써 증가(增加)되었으나 관행살포량(慣行撒布量)인 80 l/10 a를 살포(撒布)할 때 L-77과 Triton CS-7을 첨가(添加)하면 오히려 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)이 적어지는 영향(影響)을 보였으며, 크로바에서는 40 l/10a의 살포량(撒布量)에서도 L-77과 Triton CS-7을 첨가(添加)할 경우 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)은 감소되었다. 2. 잎이 비교적 직립(直立)된 보리의 경우에 있어서는 80 l/10 a의 관행살포량(慣行撒布量)에서도 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77과 Triton CS-7 을 첨가(添加)했을 때 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)은 현저히 많았다. 3. 잎이 가늘고 원주형의 세엽(細葉)인 쇠뜨기에 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77을 첨가(添加)한 경우는 Triton CS-7이나 무첨가(無添加)에 비하여 관행살포량(慣行撒布量) 80 l/10 a에서도 엽면부착량(葉面附着量)은 더 많은 경향(傾向)이었다.