• Title/Summary/Keyword: L2CAP

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Fatty liver associated with metabolic derangement in patients with chronic kidney disease: A controlled attenuation parameter study

  • Yoon, Chang-Yun;Lee, Misol;Kim, Seung Up;Lim, Hyunsun;Chang, Tae Ik;Kee, Youn Kyung;Han, Seung Gyu;Han, In Mee;Kwon, Young Eun;Park, Kyoung Sook;Lee, Mi Jung;Park, Jung Tak;Han, Seung Hyeok;Ahn, Sang Hoon;Kang, Shin-Wook;Yoo, Tae-Hyun
    • Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.48-57
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    • 2017
  • Background: Hepatic steatosis measured with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using transient elastography predicts metabolic syndrome in the general population. We investigated whether CAP predicted metabolic syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: CAP was measured with transient elastography in 465 predialysis chronic kidney disease patients (mean age, 57.5 years). Results: The median CAP value was 239 (202-274) dB/m. In 195 (41.9%) patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus was more prevalent (105 [53.8%] vs. 71 [26.3%], P < 0.001), with significantly increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (184 [38-706] vs. 56 [16-408] mg/g Cr, P = 0.003), high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (5.4 [1.4-28.2] vs. 1.7 [0.6-9.9] mg/L, P < 0.001), and CAP (248 [210-302] vs. 226 [196-259] dB/m, P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, CAP was independently related to body mass index (${\beta}=0.742$, P < 0.001), triglyceride levels (${\beta}=2.034$, P < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (${\beta}=0.316$, P = 0.001), serum albumin (${\beta}=1.386$, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (${\beta}=0.064$, P = 0.029), and total bilirubin (${\beta}=-0.881$, P = 0.009). In multiple logistic regression analysis, increased CAP was independently associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk (per 10 dB/m increase; odds ratio, 1.093; 95% confidence interval, 1.009-1.183; P = 0.029) even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. Conclusion: Increased CAP measured with transient elastography significantly correlated with and could predict increased metabolic syndrome risk in chronic kidney disease patients.

A Study of WAP Packet using Turbo Code Scheme in Bluetooth piconet Environment (블루투스 피코넷 환경에서 터보코드 기법을 이용한 WAP 패킷의 연구)

  • Moon, Il-Young;Cho, Sung-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.553-556
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    • 2005
  • It is analyzed that WAP packet transmission time to improve performance of WAP using SAR algorithm in Bluetooth channel. The order for SAR algorithm to improve the transfer capability, it is fragmented in WTP total messages that are coming down from upper layer and then the packets are sent one at time in baseband. And it is studied that transmission time for WAP over bluetooth according to DM1, DM3 or DM5 packet type using SAR algorithm in Bluetooth piconet environment. This SAR algorithm decreases WAP packet transmission time of L2CAP baseband packets by sending packet which are spanning multiple slots.

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Fabrication of a depletion mode p-channel GaAs MOSFET using $Al_2O_3$ gate insulator ($Al_2O_3$ 게이트 절연막을 이용한 공핍형 p-채널 GaAs MOSFET의 제조)

  • Jun, Bon-Keun;Lee, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Jung-Hee;Lee, Yong-Hyun
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.421-426
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we present p-channel GaAs MOSFET having $Al_2O_3$ as gate insulator fabricated on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, which can be operated in the depletion mode. $1\;{\mu}m$ thick undoped GaAs buffer layer, $4000\;{\AA}$ thick p-type GaAs epi-layer, undoped $500{\AA}$ thick AlAs layer, and $50\;{\AA}$ thick GaAs cap layer were subsequently grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) on (100) oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrate and this wafer was oxidized. AlAs layer was fully oxidized as a $Al_2O_3$ thin film. The I-V, $g_m$, breakdown charateristics of the fabricated GaAs MOSFET showed that wet thermal oxidation of AlAs/GaAs epilayer/S I GaAs was successful in realizing depletion mode p-channel GaAs MOSFET.

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Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Baechu Kimchi using Spicy Hot Flavor Graded Hot Pepper Powder (매운맛 등급화 고춧가루로 제조한 배추김치의 이화학적 관능적 특성)

  • Lee, In-Seon;Lee, Yeon-Kyeong;Kim, Hae-Young
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.22-32
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated the spicy hot flavor related quality characteristics of baechu (Kimchi cabbage) Kimchi prepared using hot pepper powder in various capsaicin levels during 8 weeks of storage. The pHs in the Kimchi samples were in the optimum range of the pH 4.2-4.5 due to the relatively low storage temperature of $2^{\circ}C$ during the entire storage periods. The L, a and b values of cap-150 sample group were significantly higher compared to those in the other samples at 8 weeks of storage. Grading hotness of the Kimchi was significantly clearly separated when varied levels of hotness for the hot pepper powder were used at 2-4 weeks of storage (p<0.001). Sensory spicy hotness of the cap-40 showed significantly the lowest with values of 4.57-4.38 representing mild hot:, that of cap-85 was medium hot with values of 5.81-6.00; and finally, that of cap-150 showed the values of 6.86-7.14, representing strong hot flavor at 2-4 weeks of storage (p<0.001). The grading of spicy hotness in the Kimchi increased by about one level at the optimal edible periods due to the leaching out of capsaicin from the hot pepper powder for those storage periods. Thus, the increased hotness of the Kimchi in the optimal edible periods should be considered when the desired hotness of the hot pepper is chosen for the Kimchi preparation. The hotness decreased as the organic acids were generated during ripening by the 8th weeks of storage.

NOTE ON THE OPERATOR ${\hat{P}}$ ON Lp(∂D)

  • Choi, Ki Seong
    • Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.269-278
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    • 2008
  • Let ${\partial}D$ be the boundary of the open unit disk D in the complex plane and $L^p({\partial}D)$ the class of all complex, Lebesgue measurable function f for which $\{\frac{1}{2\pi}{\int}_{-\pi}^{\pi}{\mid}f(\theta){\mid}^pd\theta\}^{1/p}<{\infty}$. Let P be the orthogonal projection from $L^p({\partial}D)$ onto ${\cap}_{n<0}$ ker $a_n$. For $f{\in}L^1({\partial}D)$, ${\hat{f}}(z)=\frac{1}{2\pi}{\int}_{-\pi}^{\pi}P_r(t-\theta)f(\theta)d{\theta}$ is the harmonic extension of f. Let ${\hat{P}}$ be the composition of P with the harmonic extension. In this paper, we will show that if $1, then ${\hat{P}}:L^p({\partial}D){\rightarrow}H^p(D)$ is bounded. In particular, we will show that ${\hat{P}}$ is unbounded on $L^{\infty}({\partial}D)$.

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A QoS Control Mechanism for Bluetooth (블루투스의 QoS 제어 메커니즘)

  • 김대성;조정교;오세웅
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2003.05b
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    • pp.96-99
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    • 2003
  • 현재 블루투스(Bluetooth) 표준(Specification)에서는 QoS 지원에 대해 L2CAP, LMP 계층(Layer)에서의 QoS 지원 파라미터(parameter)와 협상(Negotiation) 순서에 대해서만 정의되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 블루투스 기기간의 통신시 QoS를 지원하기 위해 현재 블루투스 표준에 정의되어 있는 요소들을 기반으로 한 새로운 QoS 제어 메커니즘(Control Mechanism)을 제안한다.

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Effect of Nozzle Cap Geometry for Swirl-Type Two-Fluid Nozzle on the Spray Characteristics (선회형 이유체노즐의 노즐캡 형상에 따른 분무특성)

  • Choi, Y.J.;Kang, S.M.;Kim, D.J.;Lee, J.K.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.134-142
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    • 2008
  • In the case of heavy duty diesel engines, the Urea-SCR system is currently considered to reduce the NOx emission as a proved technology, and it is widely studied to get the high performance and durability. However, the nozzles to inject the urea-water solution into the exhaust pipe occur some problems, including the nozzle clogging, deposition of urea-water solution on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, resulting in the production of urea salt. In this study, a swirl-type twin-fluid nozzle to produce more fine droplets was used as a method to solve the problems. The effect of the nozzle cap geometry, including the length to diameter ratio ($l_o/d_o$) and chamfer, on the spray characteristics were investigated experimentally. The length to diameter ratio of nozzle cap were varied from 0.25 to 1.125. The chamfer angle of the nozzle cap was constant at 90o. The mean velocity and droplet size distributions of the spray were measured using a 2-D PDA (phase Doppler analyzer) system, and the spray half-width, AMD (arithmetic mean diameter) and SMD (Sauter mean diameter) were analyzed. At result, The larger length to diameter ratio of nozzle cap were more small SMD and AMD. The effect of the chamfer did increase the radial velocity, while it did not affect the atomization effect.

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Educational Software Development of Bluetooth Protocol for Protocol Monitoring and Emulation (프로토콜 모니터링 및 에뮬레이션 기능을 제공하는 블루투스 프로토콜의 교육용 소프트웨어)

  • 정중수
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2004
  • In addition to wired communication technology, wireless communication technology has been driving communication revolution nowadays. Bluetooth technology carries out data/voice communication making pico-net and the various application services are supported by access network connected to public network. This paper presents educational software development of bluetooth protocol stack including HCI, L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP and profiles including GAP, SPP, GEOP, FTP. This software which supports programming environment of these protocol monitoring and emulation is implemented basically step by step for education based on H connected to the bluetooth device through RS-232-C, UART or USB cable. Application program coded by Visual C is operated over the firmware loaded on the bluetooth device connected to the PC. Additionally ftp and chatting function are developed to enhance educational efficiency.

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Quality Changes of Fresh-Cut Tumeric by Packaging Methods during Storage (포장방법에 따른 세절 생울금의 저장 중 품질 변화)

  • Kim, Dong-Hoo;Han, Jin-Soo;Woo, In-Bong;Jung, Jun-Jae;Park, Si-Woo;Heo, Kyung-Chel;Ha, Ju-hyeung;Yoon, Chan-Suk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality change of fresh-cut tumeric (Curcuma Longa Linne) according to packaging method during storage time. The fresh-cut tumeric were packaged in three different methods : degassing valve packaging (DVP), $CO_2$ gas absorber packaging (CAP) and micro-perforated packaging (MPP). After the samples were packaged, they were stored for 15 days at 4 and $23^{\circ}C$ respectively. The following parameters were observed to indicate the quality changes of the samples: weight loss, CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ colour difference, variation of gas composition inside the package, curcumin contents and changes in hardness of fresh-cut tumeric. DVP did not effectively release $CO_2$ gas to the outside. MPP was suitable to release $CO_2$ gas. However, MPP showed very fast browning and erosion, because a large amount of oxygen was introduced through the perforated hole on the film. CAP was most effective packaging method to inhibit browning, to prevent expansion of the packaging by $CO_2$ gas and to minimize weight loss of fresh-cut tumeric.

Automatic Recognition of the Front/Back Sides and Stalk States for Mushrooms(Lentinus Edodes L.) (버섯 전후면과 꼭지부 상태의 자동 인식)

  • Hwang, H.;Lee, C.H.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.124-137
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    • 1994
  • Visual features of a mushroom(Lentinus Edodes, L.) are critical in grading and sorting as most agricultural products are. Because of its complex and various visual features, grading and sorting of mushrooms have been done manually by the human expert. To realize the automatic handling and grading of mushrooms in real time, the computer vision system should be utilized and the efficient and robust processing of the camera captured visual information be provided. Since visual features of a mushroom are distributed over the front and back sides, recognizing sides and states of the stalk including the stalk orientation from the captured image is a prime process in the automatic task processing. In this paper, the efficient and robust recognition process identifying the front and back side and the state of the stalk was developed and its performance was compared with other recognition trials. First, recognition was tried based on the rule set up with some experimental heuristics using the quantitative features such as geometry and texture extracted from the segmented mushroom image. And the neural net based learning recognition was done without extracting quantitative features. For network inputs the segmented binary image obtained from the combined type automatic thresholding was tested first. And then the gray valued raw camera image was directly utilized. The state of the stalk seriously affects the measured size of the mushroom cap. When its effect is serious, the stalk should be excluded in mushroom cap sizing. In this paper, the stalk removal process followed by the boundary regeneration of the cap image was also presented. The neural net based gray valued raw image processing showed the successful results for our recognition task. The developed technology through this research may open the new way of the quality inspection and sorting especially for the agricultural products whose visual features are fuzzy and not uniquely defined.

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