• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

Level and distribution of fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the agricultural water samples collected in the waterways located in Gyeonggi and Gangwon, Korea were determined for monitoring and risk assessment. A simplified, fast but effective extraction and clean-up methods combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was employed to measure the concentration of the target compounds. The extraction of the analytes of interest in water sample (10 mL) was performed with acetonitrile (10 mL) and the salt. To purify the target PAHs, the clean-up procedure was employed with 2 mL tubes of dispersive solid phase extraction. The optimized method was validated with recoveries, method detection limit (MDL), accuracy and precision. Good recoveries for each PAHs at 10 and $25{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ were achieved (60 to 110%, with RSD <20%) with linearity (>0.99). MDL for all the analytes was achieved with $0.2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. GC-MS/MS results showed that concentration of phenanthrene in the water samples from Gyeonggi (20 sites) ranged from 0.82 to $2.56{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and from Gangwon (15 sites) ranged from 0.83 to $1.62{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. Other PAHs were not found in the water samples but the continuous monitoring for these areas were required.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

Wool has excellent properties, such as heat retention, absorbency, and elasticity, but it has a disadvantage in washability because the fabric will felt and shrink greatly. Felting causes the interlocking of the fiber surface scales with one another. Therefore, the studies on wool finishing have been focused on shrink proofing. Precedent researches on wool shrink proofing are mostly on eco-friendly method. using enzyme. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of L-cysteine, EDTA in papain treatment of wool fabrics. The specific contents of study are as follows. Depending on pH, temperature, treatment time, enzyme concentration and L-cysteine, EDTA concentration, weight loss, tensile strength, whiteness, SEM were examined. Each papain treatment conditions depending on L-cysteine, EDTA were optimized from these properties. Papain had very low activation without activators. The optimum conditions of papain treatment were pH 7.5, temperature $75^{\circ}C$, time 30minutes(L-cysteine), 180minutes(EDTA) and papain concentration 5%(o.w.f.). In the use of papain 5%(o.w.f.), the activators optimum concentration was L-cysteine 2%(o.w.f.), EDTA 7%(o.w.f.)

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2016

In this study critical permeation flux was measured by the flux-step method with respect to aeration rate. The hollow fiber membrane module which has $85cm^2$ of effective area and $0.4{\mu}m$ nominal pore size was submerged in the activated sludge solution of MLSS 5,000 mg/L. The critical flux for without aeration was measured of $15.2L/m^2{\cdot}h$. However, the critical flux increased from 20.6 to $32.5L/m^2{\cdot}h$ as the aeration rate increased from 100 to 1,000 mL/min.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.807-817
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• 2004

The modified biochemical oxygen demand (MBOD) were conducted to evaluate the water quality and fertility in the Mangyeong river from november 2002 to april 2003. MBOD method was used to evaluate algal growth potentials and their limiting factors. MBOD depends on the amount of available inorganic nutrient and organic substrate during 5-day incubation in the dark condition at $20^{\circ}C.$ The MBOD assay depends on inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen as well as reduced carbon as called MBOD, MBOD-P, and MBOD-N, respectively. The concentration of pollutants were in the range of 3.08～48.36 mg/L for COD. The concentration of nutrients were in the range of 0.37～111.62 mg/L for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 0.00～1.03 mg/L for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The results of MBOD bioassay showed that the MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N values were 15～173 mg $O_2/L,$ 13～165 mg $O_2/L$ and 66～175 mg $O_2/L$ ranges, respectively. The MBOD values are found to be the highest in Iksan River and the lowest in Hari River throughout the Mangyeong River. The relationships of MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N in MBOD method were generally found in MBOD$\risingdotseq$ MBOD-P$\risingdotseq$MBOD-N. But the result of Gosan was appeared to MBOD$\risingdotseq$MBOD-N > MBOD-P. The MBOD-N value was higher 3 to 5 times than the MBOD-P value in the Gosan station. The algal growth potentials expressed as the concentration of chlorophyll-a were maximum 20 times more than algal biomass in the water column.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2008

This paper focused on the detection of the genetically modified soybean (Glycine max L. MERRILL) samples to search for the speedy analysis methods. We have identified the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay with a newly developed technique called DHPLC (denaturing high performance liquid chromatography) to screen the GMO in soybean. The DHPLC is i1s ability to directly detection specific sequences of DNA by using column. With these characteristics. the DHPLC assay had the advantage of simplicity, rapidty could obtain result within 20 minutes. Whereas $15{\times}10^{-4}ng/{\mu}L$ concentration could be detected with the PCR analysis, $15{\times}10^{-5}ng/{\mu}L$ concentration could be detected with the DHPLC method. Therefore, DHPLC method was considered to be a simple, fast and sensitivity screening method rather than PCR analysis for GMO detection in soybean.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2007

The analysis method of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) compound in water was developed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Aqueous solution was controlled in strong basic condition with sodium hydroxide, and then $25{\mu}L$ of benzoyl chloride was added to the solution for the derivatization of 3-MCPD. The derivative was extracted using pentane and analyzed by the selected ion monitoring (SIM) method of LC-MS. The results of analyses showed that the calibration curves was in the range of 1.0 to $100{\mu}g/mL$ with a good linearity (correlation coefficient of $r^2=0.992$) and limit of detection was below $0.01{\mu}g/mL$. The recoveries of this analysis method by LC-MS were 92.3-98.0 %.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3451-3455
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• 2014

Background: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level can reflect tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exons 19 and 21may have an important relationship with tumor cell sensitivity to EGFR-TKI therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical value of EGFR mutations and serum CEA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The presence of mutations in EGFR exons 19 and 21 in the tissue samples of 315 patients with NSCLC was detected with real-time fluorescent PCR technology, while the serum CEA level in cases who had not yet undergone surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy were assessed by electrochemical luminescence. Results: The mutation rates in EGFR exons 19 and 21 were 23.2% and 14.9%, respectively, with the two combined in 3.81%. Measured prior to the start of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatment, serum CEA levels were abnormally high in 54.3% of the patients. In those with a serum CEA level <5 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 18.8%, while with 5~19 ng/mL and ${\geq}20ng/mL$, the rates were 36.4% and 62.5%. In addition, in the cohort of patients with the CEA level being 20~49 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 85.7%, while in those with the CEA level ${\geq}50ng/mL$, the EGFR mutation rate was only 20.0%, approximately the same as in cases with the CEA level<5 ng/mL. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between serum CEA expression level and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients, namely the EGFR mutation-positive rate increases as the serum CEA expression level rises within a certain range (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL). If patient samples are not suitable for EGFR mutation testing, or cannot be obtained at all, testing serum CEA levels might be a simple and easy screening method. Hence, for the NSCLC patients with high serum CEA level (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL), it is worthy of attempting EGFR-TKI treatment, which may achieve better clinical efficacy and quality of life.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

An enzyme-free optical method is proposed for estimating high concentrations of glucose in a glucose-lactose mixture, based on a predictive equation that takes advantage of the reflective optical power observed at two discrete wavelengths. Compared to the conventional absorption spectroscopy method based on Beer's Law, which is mainly valid for concentrations below hundreds of mg/dL, the proposed scheme, which relies on reflection signals, can be applied to measure higher glucose concentrations, of even several g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture. Two probe wavelengths of 1160 and 1300 nm were selected to provide a linear relationship between the reflective power and pure glucose/lactose concentration, where the relevant linear coefficients were derived to complete the predictive equation. Glucose concentrations from 2 to 7 g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture were efficiently estimated, using the established predictive equation based on monitored reflective powers. The standard error of prediction was 1.17 g/dL.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

Cultural method, dark field microscopy & fluorescent antibody technique were compared for their sensitivity of the detection of leptospires from experimentally infected mice. Two groups of mice were infected with L. icterohemorrhagiae (M20) and L. australis (Ballico), and the infected blood, urine and a number of organs were subjected to the bacterial isolation. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. L. icterohemorrhagiae (M20) and L. australis (Ballico) in blood, urine and various tissues of experimentally infected mice were detected with a negrigible non specificity, by the fluorescent antibody technique. 2. The fluorescent antibody technique, as applied to detection of leptospires in blood, urine and various infected tissue, proved to be better than cultural method and dark-field microscopy. 3. Early detection of leptospires by fluorescent antibody technique were possible in blood at 2 days after inoculation, whereas detection of organisms in liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed later. By means of fluorescent antibody technique, the detection of leptospires in kidney and urine was possible up to 34 days postinoculation, whereas those in other parts were impossible. 4. Fluorescent antibody reaction of leptospires were highly specific to homologous antigen rather than to heterologous one. 5. Fluorescent antibody technique may be of value in the application for the demonstration of leptospira from clinical specimens.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2004

A spectrophotometric and first derivative spectrophotometric method was developed in aquatic Tween 80 micellar solutions for selective determination of nickel without using any pre-separation step. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), as a sensitive chromogenic complexing agent formed a red-colored Ni(II)-PAN complex in Tween 80 media with satisfactory solubility and stability. Conditions such as pH, PAN concentration, type and concentration of micellizing agent were optimized. Molar absorptivity of Ni-PAN complex was found $4.62\;{\times}\;10^4L\;cm^{?1}\;mol^{?1}$ at 569 nm, under the optimum condition. Calibration graphs were derived by zero, first and second derivative spectrophotometry at maximum wavelengths of 569, 578 and 571 nm with linear ranges of 30-1800, 20-2500 and 30-2000 ng $mL^{?1}$ , respectively. Precision as standard deviation as well as accuracy as recovery percent were in the range of 1-20 ng $mL^{?1}$, and 93.3-103.3%, respectively, for the entire of the linear ranges. Spectrophotometric detection limit was 3 ng $mL^{?1}$ and effects of diverse ions on the first derivative determination of nickel were studied to investigate selectivity of the method. Interferences of cobalt and copper on the nickel determination were prevented using o-phenanthroline as masking agent. The recommended procedures were applied to the various synthetic and stainless steel alloys, tea leaves and human hair, with satisfactory results.