• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.290-300
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• 1998

Background: CYFRA 21-1 is a tumor marker which measures a fragment of cytokeratin 19 expressed by epithelial cells in bronchus. It is known that cytokeratin 19 is abundant in squamous epithelial cell cancer of the lung. However, if the incidence of elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 level in patients with benign lung diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis with severe parenchymal damage is high the specificity of CYFRA 21-1 could be decreased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of serum CYFRA 21-1 according to the degree of parenchymal damage and the usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 for diagnosing possibly combined lung cancer in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: We studied the changes of serum CYFRA 21-1 according to the sputum AFB stain, radiologic manifestation and history of treatment in 81 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and 20 healthy persons, 25 patients with lung cancer, as a control group. CYFRA 21-1 concentration in serum was quantified by the immunoradiometry assay(Centocor$^{(R)}$). Result: The results were as follow; Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis($1.54{\pm}1.19ng/mL$, p<0.01) as compared to patients with lung cancer($12.25{\pm}15.97ng/mL$), and was slightly higher than the level in heathy persons($0.90{\pm}0.49ng/mL$) but there was no significant difference. Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was below the cut-off value of 3.3ng/mL in 95 percent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis but it was above the cut-off value in 64 percent of patients with lung cancer. Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in the initial treatment group($1.91{\pm}1.55ng/mL$, p<0.05) as compared to the treatment. failure group ($0.92{\pm}0.30ng/mL$). According to the sputum AFB smear, serum CYFRA 21-1 level in patients with negative result was slightly higher than the level in patients with positive result but there was no significant difference. According to the radiologic manifestation, serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in patients with infiltrative lesion ($2.15{\pm}1.63ng/mL$, p<0.01) as compared to patients with destructive lesion ($l.04{\pm}0.54ng/mL$). As the size of cavity or destructive lesion was larger, the level was significantly lower(p<0.05). Conclusion: As serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in the initial treatment group and patients with infiltrative lesion, it suppose to be closely related with the degree of parenchymal damage of the lung of the pulmonary tuberculosis. However CYFRA 21-1 could be useful method for diagnosing lung cancer even in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer because of the fact that it was below the cutoff value of 3.3ng/mL in 95 percent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.3-6
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• 2012

Purpose : Samsung medical ceter shall find a cause of the interference factor and suggest a solution for it. Materials and Methods : A sample of $^{18}F$-FDG, radioactive pharmaceuticals produced by TRACERlab MX and FASTlab synthesizer. Gel-clot method uses Positive control tube and single test tube. Kinetic chromogenic method uses ENDOSAFE-PTS produced by Charles River. Results : According to Gel clot method of Endotoxin Tests at FASTlab, both turbidity and viscosity increased at 40-fold dilution and Gel clot was detected. In case of TRACERlab MX, Gel clot was detected in most of samples but intermittently not in a few of them. When using ENDOSAFE-PTS, sample CV (Coefficient of Variation) of FASTlab is 0% at all dilution rates whereas spike CV is 0% at 1-fold dilution, 0~35% at 10-fold, 3.6~12.9% at 20-fold, 5.2~7.1% at 30-fold, 1.1~17.4% at 40-fold, spike recovery; 0% at one-fold, 25 ~ 58% at 10-fold, 50 ~ 86% at 20-fold, 70~92% at 30-fold, and 75~120% at 40-fold. Sample CV of TRACERlab MX, is 0% at all dilution rates whereas spike CV is 1.4~4.8% at one-fold dilution, 0.6~19.9% at 10-fold, spike recovery; 35~72% at one-fold dilution and 77~107% at 10-fold. Conclusion : Gel clot does not seem to occur probably to H3PO4 which engages in bonding with Mg2+ion contributing gelation inside PCT. Dilution which is identical to reducing the amount of H3PO4, could remove interfering effects accordingly. Spike recovery was obtained within 70~150% - recommended values of supplier - at 40-fold dilution even in kinetic chromogenic method.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

Purpose : Because of the rapid physical decay of the short half-lived radionuclide, counting of event for image is very limited. In this reason, long scan duration is applied for more accurate quantitative analysis in the relatively low sensitive examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference according to scan duration and investigate the resonable scan duration using the radionuclide of 11C and 18F in PET scan. Materials and Methods : 1994-NEMA Phantom was filled with 11C of $30.08{\pm}4.22MBq$ and 18F of $40.08{\pm}8.29MBq$ diluted with distilled water. Dynamic images were acquired 20frames/1minute and static image was acquired for 20minutes with 11C. And dynamic images were acquired 20frames/2.5minutes and static image was acquired for 50minutes with 18F. All of data were applied with same reconstruction method and time decay correction. Region of interest (ROI) was set on the image, maximum radioactivity concentration (maxRC, kBq/mL) was compared. We compared maxRC with acquired dynamic image which was summed one bye one to increase the total scan duration. Results : maxRC over time of 11C was $3.85{\pm}0.45{\sim}5.15{\pm}0.50kBq/mL$ in dynamic image, and static image was $2.15{\pm}0.26kBq/mL$. In case of 18F, the maxRC was $9.09{\pm}0.42{\sim}9.48{\pm}0.31kBq/mL$ in dynamic image and $7.24{\pm}0.14kBq/mL$ in static. In summed image of 11C, as total scan duration was increased to 5, 10, 15, 20minutes, the maxRC were $2.47{\pm}0.4$, $2.22{\pm}0.37$, $2.08{\pm}0.42$, $1.95{\pm}0.55kBq/mL$ respectively. In case of 18F, the total scan duration was increased to 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50minutes, the maxRC were $7.89{\pm}0.27$, $7.61{\pm}0.23$, $7.36{\pm}0.21$, $7.31{\pm}0.23kBq/mL$. Conclusion : As elapsed time was increased after completion of injection, the maxRC was increased by 33% and 4% in dynamic study of 11C and 18F respectively. Also the total scan duration was increased, the maxRC was reduced by 50% and 20% in summed image of 11C and 18F respectively. The percentage difference of each result is more larger in study using relatively shorter half-lived radionuclide. It appears that the accuracy of decay correction declined not only increment of scan duration but also increment of elapsed time from a starting point of acquisition. In study using 18F, there was no big difference so it's not necessary to consider error of quantitative evaluation according to elapsed time. It's recommended to apply additional decay correction method considering decay correction the error concerning elapsed time or to set the scan duration of static image less than 5minutes corresponding 25% of half life in study using shorter half-lived radionuclide as 11C.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.510-517
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• 2002

Effects of wheat arabinoxylan on mouse spleen lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages were examined in vitro. Among three wheat arabinoxylans (A1: low MW, A2: medium MW, A3: high MW), A3$(50{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/mL)$ increased the viability of spleen lymphocytes up to $114{\sim}125%$ of the control. A1 and A3 $(20\;{\mu}g/mL)$ increased the viability of lipopolysaccharide-treated lymphocytes synergistically. Viability of murine peritoneal macrophages treated with wheat arabinoxylans $(10{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL)$ was increased up to $135{\sim}175%$ of the control. The cytotoxic activity of macrophages against murine lymphocytic leukemic cell increased in the presence of wheat arabinoxylan. Phagocytic index of macrophages treated with wheat arabinozylans $(20\;{\mu}g/mL)$ significantly increased $197{\sim}232%$ compared with the control, and lysosomal phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities also increased significantly (p<0.05). Treatment of wheat arabinoxylans tended to decrease nitrite production, but significantly stimulated $H_2O_2\;and\;O_2$ productions of macrophages (p<0.05). These results indicate that the immunostimulating effect of wheat arabinoxylan may be closely related with lysosomal enzyme activity and reactive oxygen intermediate production of macrophages.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.949-956
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• 2017

This study attempted to find optimum extract range of active ingredient for barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.). Extracts from Hordeum vulgare L. were made by microwave extraction method and total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH) were measured with extract of Hordeum vulgare L.. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to a extraction process, and central composite design (CCD) was also used for this process to examine the optimum condition. Independent variables ($X_n$) are concentration of ethanol ($X_1$: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%), microwave power ($X_2$: 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 W), extraction time ($X_3$: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 min). Dependent variables ($Y_n$) are TPC ($Y_1$), TFC ($Y_2$), DPPH radical scavenging ($Y_3$). It is formed by sixteen conditions to extract. The $R^2$ value of dependent variables is ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 (p<0.05). Experiments values within the optimal range (40% of ethanol concentration, 120 W of microwave power, 18 min of extraction time) were 3.74 mg GAE/g (TPC), 3.00 mg RE/g (TFC), 35.43% (DPPH), respectively. Under the optimized conditions, predicted value showed no significant difference comparing with the experimental values.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of Salmonella phage P22 combined with antibiotics to inhibit antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009. The synergistic effect of phage P22 and antibiotics was evaluated by using disk diffusion and broth dilution assays. The development of Antimicrobial resistance was determined after time-kill assay. The antibiotic susceptibility assay showed the inhibition zone sizes around the antibiotic disks were increased up to 78.8% in the presence of phage (cefotaxime; 13.6%, chloramphenicol; 19.3%, ciprofloxacin; 12.7% and erythromycin; 78.8%). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the combination treatment significantly decreased from 256 to 64 mg/mL for tetracycline, 8 to 4 mg/mL for chloramphenicol, 0.0156 to 0.0078 mg/mL for ciprofloxacin, 128 to 64 mg/mL for erythromycin and 512 to 256 mg/mL for streptomycin. The number of S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 was approximately 4-log lower than that of the control throughout the combination treatment with phage P22 and ciprofloxacin delete at 37℃ for 20 h. The results indicate that the development of antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium could be reduced in the presence of phage treatment. This study provides promising evidence for the phage-antibiotic combination as an effective treatment to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 1994

Spectrophotometric determination of some light lanthanide ions by flow injection method is described. Chromeazurol S forms water soluble complex with lanthanide ions in the presence of DTAB. The absorption maximum of the complexes are from 650 nm to 655 nm and the molar absorptivities were ca. $1.8{\times}10^5\;L mol^{-1}cm^{-1}$ on Tris buffer (pH 10.5). The calibration curves for Nd(III), Eu(III) and Sm(III) obtained by FIA are over the range of 0.1 to 0.6 ppm and the correlation coefficient were ca. 0.9993. The detection limits (S/N) were from 10 ppb for Nd(III) and Eu(III) to 20 ppb for Sm(III). The relative standard deviations was ${\pm}$.2% for 0.4 ppm sample. The samples throughput was ca. $50\;cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 2003

Ferroelectric B $i_{3.25}$L $a_{0.75}$ $Ti_3$ $O_{12}$ (BLT) solution was synthesized by sol-gel process. BLT thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti $O_2$/ $SiO_2$/Si substrates by spin-coating. In this experiments, Bi(TMHD)$_3$, La(III)2-Methoxyethoxide, and Ti(IV) i-propoxide were used as starting materials, which were dissolved in 2-Methoxyethanol. Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) was used to promote crystallization of BLT thin films. The thin films with RTA process were compared with those with non-RTA process on electrical properties. After RTA process, the remanent polarization value (2Pr) of BLT thin films annealed at 72$0^{\circ}C$ was 20.46 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ which was approximately 27% higher than that of non-RTA process at 5 V.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.95-103
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the distribution of underground biomass and its soil stabilizing effects. Bamboo and grass were examined and compared. 1. Thirty 'soil & root' samples were collected to the depth of 30cm with Impact-corer, and then divided into three sections(0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm). Each piece had a volume of $950cm^3$ and the underground biomass was separated from the soil particles by washing with flowing water. The average underground biomass rates of bamboo and grass were 10.8% and 4% of each sample, respectively. The rate of grass root biomass declined with depth, but the bamboo root biomass was at peak at around 20cm depth. 2. The shear strength was measured with con-penetration tester at each sample collecting site. Three measurements were made at each depth(0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm) and were compared with the impact counts needed to insert the corer to the depth of 30cm. The shear strength has clear correlations with underground biomass. The more underground biomass, the higher shear strength. The shear strength of bamboo was about three times larger than the grass.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2011

Here we report a simple screening system using hematoxylin staining (HS) of the root apex. It allowed rapid classification into different aluminum (Al) tolerance from 65 cultivars within one week. Using this system, we selected the most Al-tolerant (Jayae-2) and-sensitive (Pum-2) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) The results show that the different responses in Al-induced growth inhibition, Al accumulation and expression of plasma membrane (PM) $H^+$-ATPase in root apices of selected two cultivars. It showed strongly Al-induced growth inhibition in a dosedependant manner only in Pum-2 but not in Jayae-2. Aluminum accumulation in root apices (10 mm) was significantly higher in Pum-2 only. The $H^+$-ATPase expression of PM vesicles by western blotting was decreased in Pum-2 but not in Jayae-2 treated with $20{\mu}M$ Al for 24 h. These finding indicate to screen from our system is rapid and reliable and to sustain the expression of PM $H^+$-ATPase at translational level is an important role in root growth as affected by Al.