• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.543-550
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• 1996

Analogues of $2(S)-5, 2^{l}, 5^{l}$-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone, a naturally-occurring compound, which had been reported to have potent antitumor activity, were synthesized and examined for the cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines. Among the intermediate chalcones and synthetic 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone analogues, $({\pm})2^{l}, 5^{l}-dibenzyloxy-5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavanone$ exhibited about 2-8 times stronger activity than $2(S)-5, 2^{l}, 5^{l}$-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone against L1210, K562 and A549 cancer cell lines. In the structure-activity relationship, it is suggested that among analogues of 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone, the existence of two oxygenated groups of para-relation at $C-2^{I} and C-5^{I}$ positions on flavanone B-ring, may be necessary to exhibit effective cytotoxic activity.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2005

Echinacea angustifolia의 부위별(꽃봉오리, 잎, 줄기 및 뿌리) 메탄을 추출물의 암세포(HepG2, 3LL, HL60, L1210)를 대상으로 한 항암 활성과 전자공여능을 검색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 에키네시아 메탄을 추출물의 간암세포인 HepG2 cell 대한 MTT assay는 농도의존적으로 세포독성 효과가 증가하였으며, 인간유래 백혈암세포인 HL60 cell의 경우에 잎과 뿌리 추출물은 저농도에서부터 독성효과가 컸고, 줄기와 꽃봉오리는 저농도에서는 독성효과가 낮았으나 고농도로 갈수록 독성효과가 커짐을 알 수 있었다 폐암세포인 3LL cell과 마우스 유래 백혈암세포인 L1210 cell에 대한 경우는 세포독성효과가 없었다. 2. Hemacytometer에 의한 HepG2 cell의 암세포 성장에 미치는 효과는 배양기간이 증가함에 따라 농도의존적으로 증식억제 효과가 증가되었다. 3. HepG2 세포주의 형태학적 변화에서 대조군은 암세포가 조밀하게 중첩되어 증식되었으나 시료를 0.5 mg/mL 이상의 농도로 첨가하였을 때 세포의 결속력이 감소되어 세포주위가 흐트러지고 세포가 사멸된 것을 관찰 할 수가 있었다. 4. 전자공여능의 수준은 부위에 따라 최고의 EDA를 나타내는 농도가 달랐으며, 뿌리와 줄기부위는 저농도에서도 매우 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

Objective : Kainic acid[KA] enhances the expression of nitric oxide synthase, increases nitric oxide[NO], and thus evokes epileptic convulsion, which results in neuronal damage in the rat brain. NO may stimulate cyclooxygenase type-2 [COX-2] activity, thus producing seizure and neuronal injury, but it has also been reported that KA-induced seizure and neurodegeneration are aggravated on decreasing the COX-2 level. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the suppression of NO using the NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester[L-NAME], suppresses or enhances the activity of COX-2. Methods : Silver impregnation and COX-2 immunohistochemical staining were used to localize related pathophysiological processes in the rat forebrain following KA-induced epileptic convulsion and L-NAME pretreatment. Post-injection survival of the rat was 1, 2, 3days and 2months, respectively. Results : After the systemic administration of KA in rats, neurodegeneration increased with time in the cornu ammonis [CA] 3, CA 1 and amygdala, as confirmed by silver impregnation. On pretreating L-NAME, KA-induced neuronal degeneration decreased. COX-2 enzyme activities increased after KA injection in the dentate gyrus, CA 3, CA 1, amygdala and pyriform cortex, as determined by COX-2 staining. L-NAME pretreatment prior to KA-injection, caused COX-2 activities to increase compared with KA- injection only group by 1day and 2days survival time point. Conclusion : These results suggest that L-NAME has a neuroprotective effect on KA-induced neuronal damage, especially during the early stage of neurodegeneration.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effect, cellular protective effect and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($11.48\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50) than those of leaf and stem extracts ($17.45\;{\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($0.56\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed 3 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of extracts from different parts of Cosmos bipinnatus on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fractions of leaf and stem extract and flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($10\sim50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($62.75\;{\mu}g$/mL) on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract showed 3.5 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g$/mL) known as an effective whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

본 연구는 기내 배양한 나도 풍란에 식물생장억제제인 Uniconazole, Ancymidol, Paclobutrazol의 종류별, 농도별 처리가 식물체내 내생 GA 유사물질의 활성 및 ABA 유사물질의 함량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 지상부인 잎에서는 Uniconazole 0.05 mg/L, Ancymidol 0.1 mg/L, Paclobutrazol 0.3 mg/L 처리 시 ABA 유사물질의 함량은 대조구보다 낮았으며, GA유사물질의 활성은 대조구 보다 높거나 비슷한 수준이었다. 하지만 처리농도가 높아짐에 따라 ABA 유사물질의 농도는 높아졌으나, GA 유사물질의 활성은 비교적 억제되었다. 지하부인 뿌리에서는 Uniconazole 0.05, 0.2mg/L, Ancymidol 0.2 mg/L, Paclobutrazol 0.1 mg/L 처리에서 ABA 유사물질의 함량이 대조구보다 낮았고, 그 이상의 농도에서는 높았다. GA 유사물질의 활성은 비교적 저 농도에서는 높았으나, 고농도 처리에서는 저 농도와 비교하여 활성이 억제되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 1995

Two poplar clones, I-214 (Populus euramericana) and Peace (P. Koreana × P. trichocarpa), were grown for 21 days in growth chambers at different CO₂concentrations (350, 700 and 2,000 μL·L-1). I-214 has stomata responding to environmental conditions in normal ways and Peace has unresponsive stomata to environmental factors including light, ABA, water stress and CO₂. In both plants, elevated CO₂ stmulated the growth of plant parts, especially leaf dry weight. And a CO₂ enrichment of 700 μL·L-1 CO₂ caused increment of net assimilation rate (NAR). The growth responses of these plants to CO₂ enrichment were different especially at high CO₂ condition (2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂). The total dry weight in Peace increased up to 2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂ but not in I-214. A CO₂ enrichment of 2,000 2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂ had little effect on NAR of I-214 but enhanced NAR of Peace. Although it is uncertain whether the different responses to CO₂ enrichment between I-214 and Peace resulted from the different properties of stomatal responses to long-term CO₂ treatment, the decrease in NAR is probably due in part to CO₂-induced stomatal closure in I-214 but not in Peace.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

In the present study in vitro mutagenesis was used to study the effect of gamma irradiation and EMS on callus induction, morphogenesis and production of multiple shoots from different explants of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Gamma radiations (5 kR to 20 kR) and certain chemicals have been effected on plant growth developments and changes of biochemical metabolisms in plants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing with auxins such as NAA, IAA, 2,4-D (0.5 ~ 2.0 mg/l), cytokinines BAP, kn TDZ, (0.5 ~ 2.5 mg/l), L-Glutamic acid (1 ~ 2 mg/l) and Coconut milk (10 ~ 20%). After 5 weeks on induction media, explants and callus (EC) were exposed to 5 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR and 20kR, of gamma radiation and treated with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for 30 min. The highest percentage of callusing was observed (70%) stem irradiated with 5 kR and significantly decrease in fresh and dry weight of callus in the below 4 kR doses and above 20 kR doses, there was a progressive decrease in the fresh weight and dry weights when compared to control callus. Maximum percentage of plantlet regeneration (59%) was induced from callus exposed to 15 kR gamma irradiation on MS media fortified with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l L-glutamic acid. Increase in gamma irradiation dose above 15 kR and 5 mM EMS reduced regeneration capacity of callus. Doses higher than 20 kR and 7 mM EMS was lethal to micropropagated plants of Citurullus colocynthis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1989

When some kinds of inhibitors, i.e. $1{\times}10{-3}mol/l$ arsenic trioxide, 0.2 mol/l 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.2mol/l thiourea were added to 3% NaCl solution, there were some considererable effects to decrease corrosion current density in natural potential condition and the effect fo solution temperature increasing corrosion rate was smaller than that of no addition to 3% NaCl solution. However the susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement due to over-protection in case of cathodic protection was much greater than that of no addition, especially was the greatest in case of addition of 2-mercaptoethanol. Therefore adding inhibitors for anti-corrosion effect, it is suggested that selection of the optimum protection potential is important from the view point of prevention against hydrogen embrittlement due to over-protection in case of cathodic protection.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 택란(Lycopus lucidus)의 에탄올 추출물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물에 대하여 항산화, 항균 및 세포 보호효과를 비교 분석하였다. 택란 추출물 및 분획물의 자유 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과($FSC_{50}$), 추출물은 $65.1{\mu}g/mL$, 분획물은 $64.9{\mu}g/mL$로 나타냈다. $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$계에서 활성산소 소거 활성은($OSC_{50}$) 각각, 6.6, $6.3{\mu}g/mL$로 모두 총 항산화능이 뛰어났다. 항균 활성에서, 추출물은 S. aureus에서, 분획물은 A. niger를 제외한 모든 균에서 활성을 나타냈다. 택란 추출물 및 분획물의 세포 보호 효과 비교 결과, $^1O_2$로 유도된 적혈구 세포손상에 대한 보호 효과(${\tau}_{50}$)는 $50{\mu}g/mL$에서 각각 51.3, 73.7 min로 나타냈다. 과산화수소와 UVB로 손상된 각질형성세포에 대한 세포 보호 효과에서 추출물은 각각 효능을 나타내지 않고, $1-2{\mu}g/mL$에서 효능을 나타냈다. 분획물은 각각 세포 생존율을 최대 85.8, 81.9%까지 증가시켰다. 세포 내 ROS 소거 활성 결과, 분획물 $1-2{\mu}g/mL$에서 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 종합적으로 택란 에탄올 추출물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 생리활성을 비교한 결과, 택란 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 추출물과 비슷한 항산화 효능을 가지며, 항균 및 세포 보호 효과에서 추출물보다 뛰어난 효과를 나타냄으로써 외부 스트레스로부터 세포를 보호할 수 있는 화장품 소재로 응용가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.772-777
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B2 deficiency on the utilization and recuperation of fuel in exercising rats. Thirthy six rats were fed either a vitamin B2 deficient diet (-B2) or a control diet (+B2) for 3 weeks and then subdivided into 3 groups : non-exercise group(NE), exercise group (ES), exercise and recuperation group (ER). ES group were exercised on treadmill (10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 2 hours and ER group were recuperated three days with the respective diet after exercise. Glucose (GLU), glycogen(GLY), protein(PRO), triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. Compared to + B2 rats, in NE group, the level of P-GLU and L-GLU of -B2 rats was lower, L-PRO and M-GLY was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-FFA, L-TG and M-TG. In ES group, the level of P-GLU was lower, P-FFA was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-TG, L-GLU, L-TG, M-GLY, M-TG and M-PRO. In ER groups, the level of P-GLU and L-TG was lower, P-FFA was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO, M-GLY, M-TG and M-PRO. These results suggest that a vitamin B2 deficiency may impair the utilization of stored fuel during exercise suggest that a vitamin B2 deficiency may impair the utilization of stored fuel during exercise and may lead a sluggish recuperation related to fuel stores after exercise.