Browse > Article

Antiproliferative and Antioxidative Activities of Methanol Extracts of Echinacea angustifolia  

Lee Joon-Kyoung (Department of Food & Nutrition, Kyunghee University)
Koo Seung-Ja (Department of Food & Nutrition, Kyunghee University)
Publication Information
Korean journal of food and cookery science / v.21, no.3, 2005 , pp. 311-318 More about this Journal
Abstract
Echinacea, also blown as the purple coneflower, is a herbal medicine that has been used for centuries, customarily as a treatment for the common cold, coughs, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections, and some inflammatory conditions. We investigated the effects of methanol extracts of Echinacea angustifolia on the cytotoxicity against cancer cells $(HepG_2,\;3LL,\;HL60,\;L1210)$ and antioxidative activity. From the test results, each part of Echinaceashowed a cytotoxic effect against the cancer cell lines, and this cytotoxic effect increased with increasing sample concentration. At 1.0 mg/mL concentration the relative cytotoxic activities of the flower bud, leaf, stern and root parts were $90.5\%,\;52.7\%,\;37.1\%\;and\;19.2\%$, respectively, in $HepG_2$ cells, and $75.5\%,\;93.3\%,\;81.2\%,\;and\;75.1\%$ respectively, in HL60 cells, as evaluated by MTT assay. $IC_{50}(50\%\;inhibitory\;concentration)$ of the methanol extracts of the Echinacea flower bud was 0.214 mg/mL on /$HepG_2$ cells, and that of the Echinacea leaf and root was 0.166 mg/mL and 0.210 mg/mL, respectively, on HL60 cells. After /$HepG_2$ cells were incubated for 6 days at $37^{\circ}C$ with various concentrations of each part, the cell number increased while the inhibition rate on the /$HepG_2$ cell growth decreased. The antioxidative activities of the flower bud, leaf, stem and root parts were $59.0\%$ (0.75 mg/mL), $80.76\%$ (0.5 mg/mL), $95.5\%$ (0.25mg/mL) and $98.15\%$ (0.25 mg/mL), respectively, as evaluated by electron donating ability. These results indicated that Echinacea angustifolia has strong anticancer and antioxidative effects in vitro.
Keywords
Echinacea angustifolia; cytotoxicity; antioxidative effect; HL60 cells; HepG2 cells;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Barbara G, Campling JP, Peter RG, Susan PCC (1988) : Use of the MTI assay for rapid determination of chemosensitivity of human leukemic blast cells. Leukemia Res., 12 : 823-831   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Burger RA, Torres AR, Warren RP, Caldwell YD, Hughes BG (1997) : Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 19 ; 371-379   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Doll R, Peto R (1981) : The cause of cancer; quantitative estimate of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66 : 1191
4 Foster S (1991) : Echinacea: Nature's Immune Enhancer. Healing Arts Press
5 Hobbs C (1995) : Echinacea: The Immune Herb. Botanica Press
6 Hyun JW, Lim KH, Shin JE, Sung MS, Won YJ, Kim YS, Kang SS, Chang IM., Woo WS, Paik WH, Kim HJ, Woo ER, Park HK and Park JG (1994) : Antineoplastic effect of extracts from traditional medicinal plants and various plants (in Korean). Kor. J. Pharmacol., 25(2) : 171-177
7 Kim JH, Kim KM, Yoo NC, Choi JH, Lim HY, Roh JK, Lee KS, Kim BS (1993) : Effects of verapamil, tamoxifen and cyclosporin A for the modulation of multidrug resistance in human lung cancer cell lines. J. Kor. Cancer Assoc., 25 : 225-230   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Li TS, Wang LCH (1998) : Physiological components and health effects of ginseng, Echinacea, and sea buckthorn. In Functional Foods.: Biochemical and Processing Aspects, Maza G. Ed., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, 329-356
9 Mitsuda H, Yasumoto K, Iwaki K (1966) : Antioxidative action of linoleic acid. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaish, 19 : 210   DOI
10 Wagner H, Stuppne, H, Schafer W, Zenk M (1988) : Immunologically active polysaccharides of Echinacea purpurea cell cultures. Phytochemistry, 27 : 119-126   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Scudiero DA, Shoemaker RH, Paull KD, Monks A, Tierney S, Nofziger TH, Currens MJ, Seniff D, Bayed MR (1988) : Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/ formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Res., 48 : 4827
12 Pamham MJ (1996) : Benefits-risks assessment of the squeezed sap purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomedicine, 3 : 95-102   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Hobbs C (1994) : Echinacea: a literature review. HerbalGram 30 : 34-48
14 Facino RM, Carh M, Aldini G, Saibene L, Pietta P, Mauri P (1995) : Echinacoside and caffeoyl conjugates protect collagen from echinacea extracts in the prevention of skin photodamage. Planta Med., 61 : 510-514   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Graisbauer M, Scheleich T, Stickl HA, Wilczek I (1990) : The effect of Echinacea purpurea Monk on phagocytosis in granulocytes measured by chemiluminescence. (In German.) Arzneimittelforchung. 40 : 594-598
16 Dorch W (1996) ; Clinical application of extracts of Echinacea purpurea or Echinacea pallida. Critical evaluation of controlled clinical studies. Z. Arzil. Fortbild., 90 : 117-122
17 Chung HJ, Noh KL (2000) ; Screening of electron donating ability, antibacterial activity and nitrite scavenging effect of some herbal extracts. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci., 16 : 372-377
18 Dziedzic SZ, Hudson RJF (1983) : Hydroxy isoflavones as antioxidants for edible oil. Food Chem., 11 : 161   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Melchart D, Linde K, Worku F, Sarkady L, Holzmann M., Jurcic K, Wagner H (1995) : Results of five randomized studies on the immuno-nomodulatory activity of preparations of Echinacea. J. Alternative Complementary Med., 1 : 145-160   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Se D, Broumand N, Sahl L, Tilles JG (1997) : In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or accquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Immunopharmacology, 35 : 229-235   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Kang YH, Park YK, Oh SR, Moon KD (1995) : Studies on the physiological functionality of pine needle and mugwort extracts. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 27 : 978-984
22 Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, Wagner H, LohmannMatthes ML (1989) : Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 669-675   DOI   PUBMED
23 Lersch C, Zeuner M, Bauer A, Siebenrock K, Hart R, Wagner F, Fink U, Dancygier H, Classen M (1990) : Stimulation of the immune response in outpatients with hepatocellular carcinomas by low doses of cyclophosphamide (LDCY), Echinacea purpurea extracts (Echinacin) and thymostimulin. Arch. Geschwulsiforsch, 60 : 379-383
24 Stirnpel M, Proksh A, Wagner H, Lohmann-Matthes ML (1984) : Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect. Immun., 46 : 845-849
25 Steinmuller C, Rosier J, Grottrup E, Franke G, Wagner H, Lohmann-Matthes ML (1993) : Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosupressed(?) mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocytogenes. Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 15 : 605-614   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Barrett B, Kiefer D, Rabago D (1999) : Assessing the risks and benefits of herbal medicine: An overview of scientific evidence. Altern. Ther., 5 : 40-49
27 Franceschi RT, James WM, Zerlauth G (1985) $1{\alpah}$, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 specific regulation of growth, morphology and fibronection and a human osteosarcoma cell line. J. Cell Physiol., 123 : 401-409   DOI   PUBMED
28 Wagner HKM (1995) : Immunostimulants and adaptogens from plants. In Photochemistry of Medicinal Plants. Armason T, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, p 1-18
29 Linert D, Anklam E, Panne U (1998) : Gas chromatographymass spectral analysis of roots of Echinacea; species and classification by multivariate data analysis. Phytochem. Anal., 88-98   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Carmichell J, Mitchell JB, DeGraff WG, Gamson J, Gazadar AF, Johnson BE, Glastein E, Minna JD (1988) : Chemosensitivity testing of human lung cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Br. J. Cancer, 57 : 540-547
31 Tragni E, Galli CL, Tubaro A, Del NP, Della LR (1988) : Antiinflammatory activity of Echinacea angustifolia fractions separated on the basis of molecular weight. Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 20(suppl 5) : 87-90
32 Rosier J, Steinmuller C, Kiderlen A, Emmendorffer A, Wagner H, Lohmann-Matthes ML (1991) : Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to mice mediates protection against systemic infections with Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans. Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 13 : 27-37   DOI   ScienceOn