• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-167
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• 2021

After experiencing school closures and online learning caused by COVID-19, the important role of school education was reinforced. Elementary school is the foundation of life and allows students to develop both social and academic skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediational role of Self-Regulatory Skills (SRS) on the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (MPA) and School Adjustment (SA) of elementary school students. A total of 99 students enrolled in an international school in Seoul, Korea from grades 3 to 6 participated in this study. Data were analyzed through Independent Sample T-Test, one way ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis using the SPSS 23.0. The findings of the study were as follows. First, there is a difference between genders and among grades. Second, only acceptance was significantly related to school adjustment. Third, acceptance, strict control, and accepted control are significantly related to SRS. Fourth, Self-Regulatory Skills (Sustained Attention) fully mediate the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (Acceptance) and School Adjustment (Academic Attitude/ Rule compliance). Educational implications for understanding the role of parenting attitude and future directions are discussed.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.273-305
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• 2016

The EBS teaching coaching program, '선생님이 달라졌어요' broadcasted about 30 dramatic teaching improvement cases. The TV program has gained great attention and been used widely as a good example for making some meaningful improvements in teaching. However, there has not been an attempt to research and gather the series beyond the individual coaching examples for the viewers (mainly teachers) to obtain more comprehensive educational insights of the results. This study, therefore, reviews the program and conveys how the overall coaching actually took place, examines changes in classrooms, and discusses the implications the results with theoretical foundations. The researcher selected 12 teachers' coaching cases among 30 ones. Then the reviewers reviewed the program with the 6 categories. According to the results, the coaching took place 6-8 months for each individual teacher. The common difficulty teachers shared was a big gap between teachers' effort for teaching versus 'students problematic behaviors' in class. The overall direction for the coaching solution was 'to improve the relationship with students' first rather than to mainly focus on teaching the content. Students changed and actively participated in the learning process when teachers improved their relationships with the students. The researcher discussed how building good relationships with students greatly affects the improvement in teaching with the 'Needs Hierarchy' and 'Brain Science' theories.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_3호
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• pp.933-948
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• 2023

대기 중 에어로졸은 인체에 악영향을 끼칠 뿐 아니라 기후 시스템에도 직간접적인 영향을 미치므로 에어로졸의 특성과 시공간적인 분포에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 위성기반 관측을 통해 에어로졸 광학 두께(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)를 산출하여 에어로졸을 모니터링하는 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 하지만 이는 주로 조견표를 활용한 역 산출 알고리즘에 기반하여 이루어지기 때문에 많은 계산량을 요구하며 불확실성이 존재한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II)의 대기상한반사도와 30일 동안의 대기상한반사도 중 최솟값과 관측 시점 값의 차이 값, 수치 모델 기반 기상학적 변수 등을 활용하여 기계학습 기반 고해상도 AOD 직접 산출 알고리즘을 개발하였다. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) 기법이 사용되었으며, 추정된 결과는 지상 관측 자료인 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD를 활용하여 랜덤, 시간 및 공간별 N-fold 교차검증을 통해 검증되었다. 세 가지 교차검증 결과 R²=0.70-0.80, RMSE=0.08-0.09, 기대오차(Expected Error, EE) 안에 있는 비율은 75.2-85.1% 수준으로 안정적인 성능을 보였다. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) 분석에서는 반사도 관련 변수들이 기여도의 상위권 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것을 통해 반사도 자료가 AOD 추정에 많은 기여를 하는 것을 확인하였다. 서울과 울산 지역에 대한 시간 별 AOD의 공간 분포를 분석한 결과, 개발된 LGBM 모델은 시간의 흐름에 따라 AERONET AOD 값과 유사한 수준으로 AOD를 추정하고 있었다. 이를 통해 높은 시공간 해상도(i.e., 시간별, 250 m)에서의 AOD 산출이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한, 산출 커버리지 비교에서 LGBM 모델의 평균 산출 빈도가 GOCI-II L2 AOD 산출물 대비 8.8%가량 증가한 것을 통해 기존 물리모델기반 AOD 산출 과정에서 발생하던 밝은 지표면에 대한 과도한 마스킹의 문제점을 개선시킨 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2017

본 연구는 비 원어민 화자의 영어발화시 나타나는 백채널 토큰 uh, um(uhm), and and hm 의 현상과 기능에 대하여 분석하고 가능성 있는 학습 전략의 현상으로 제안하였다. 특히 기존의 한국인 영어 학습자의 백채널 토큰 연구에 대한 결과들을 고찰하고 본 연구에서 얻은 결과들과 비교 분석하였다. 선행 연구의 결과들을 토대로 전통적인 담화 분석 기법을 응용하여 채집된 자료를 분석한 결과 모국어 발화에서 나타나는 토픽 마커 '은'(-un), 과 '는'(-nun) 이 초급과 중급 수준 영어 화자의 발화에서도 전이되어 나타났고 제2외국어에서 백채널 토큰 은 오직 명사 앞에서만 나타나는 것으로 분석되었으며 모국어로 회귀하여 번역될 때에도 '은'(-un), 과 '는'(-nun)이 나타났다. 마지막으로 한국인 영어 학습자들을 위하여 백채널 토큰 분석 결과를 토대로 가능한 학습 전략을 논의하였다. 궁극적으로 백채널 토큰에 대한 향후 연구가 더 진행되어 백채널 토큰 현상이 영어 학습자에게 방해 요인이 아닌 영어 능력 향상 과정에서 나타나는 긍정적인 요인으로 이해되어지기를 제안한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국어 평음과 기음 대조에 초점을 맞춘 지각 훈련을 통해 한국어 학습자들이 L2 폐쇄음을 대조하는 음향 신호의 지각 가중치를 모국어 값의 방향으로 개선하는지 고찰하였다. 중국어가 모국어인 한국어 학습자 19명과 지각 훈련을 진행한 한국어가 모국어인 교사 2명이 실험에 참가하였다. 사전 테스트 결과에 따라 훈련 집단과 비훈련 집단으로 나누었고, 훈련 집단만 5일 동안 지각 훈련을 진행하였다. 폐쇄음 신호의 지각 가중치를 추정하기 위해 음향 신호를 체계적으로 조작한 자극으로 사전 및 사후 테스트를 시행했다. 개별 학습자들의 테스트 결과에 대해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행해, 말소리 대조를 지각하는 데에 해당 음향 신호를 사용한 가중치를 추정하는 지각 β 계수 값을 계산하였다. 두 폐쇄음을 구별하는 주요 신호인 F0의 지각 계수에 대해, 훈련 집단은 사전 테스트 대비 사후 테스트에서 평균 0.451의 통계적으로 유의미한 증가를 보인 반면 비훈련 집단은 유의미하지 않은 0.246의 증가를 나타냈다. 그러나 지각 훈련 후 F0 사용의 변화 패턴이 개별 학습자들 간에 다양하게 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

본 연구는 기계학습을 기반으로 제작한 수량예측모델을 이용하여 PCR 4.5 시나리오에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수(WCC)의 피해량 산정 및 전자지도를 작성할 목적으로 수행하였다. WCC 데이터는 수입적응성 시험보고서(n=1,219), 국립축산과학원 시험연구보고서(n=1,294), 한국축산학회지(n=8), 한국초지조사료학회지(n=707) 및 학위논문(n=4)에서 총 3,232점을 수집하였으며, 기상데이터는 기상청의 기상자료개방포털에서 수집하였다. 본 연구에서 이상기상에 따른 WCC의 피해량은 RCP 4.5 시나리오에 따른 월평균기온 및 강수량을 시간단위로 환산하여 준용하여 산정하였다. 정상기상에서 DMY 예측값은 13,845~19,347 kg/ha 범위로 나타났다. 이상기상에 따른 피해량은 이상기온 2050 및 2100년 각각 -263~360 및-1,023~92 kg/ha, 이상강수량 2050 및 2100년 각각 -17~-2 및-12~2 kg/ha였다. 월평균기온이 증가함에 따라서 WCC의 DMY는 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. RCP 4.5 시나리오를 통해 산정한 WCC의 피해량은 QGIS를 이용하여 전자지도로 제시하였다. 본 연구는 온실가스 저감이 진행된 시나리오를 이용했지만, 추가 연구는 온실가스 저감이 되지 않은 RCP 시나리오를 이용한 연구를 수행할 필요가 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2005

A presenilin 2 mutation is believed to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, transgenic mice with a presenilin 2 mutation have been reported to have learning and memory impairments. In this study, exposing PC12 cells expressing mutant presenilin 2 to $50{\mu}M\;A{\beta}_{25-35},\;30mM$ L-glutamate and $50{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ caused a significant increase in acetylcholine esterase activity. An in vivo study revealed high levels of this enzyme activity in the mutant presenilin 2 transgenic brains compared with the wild type presenilin 2 transgenic and non-transgenic samples. These results suggest that a mutant presenilin 2-induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease might be involved in the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. These findings might help in the development of an appropriate therapeutic intervention targeting mutant presenilin 2-induced Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2007

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Thalictrum foetidum(TFD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of TFD on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by amyloid ${\beta}$ $protein(A{\beta})$ and $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-l cell treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ and behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine, and glucose, AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. Results : The results were summarized as follows ; 1. TFD suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 2. TFD suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-l cell treated by LPS 3.. TFD suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. TFD increased glucose and decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 5. TFD group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that TFD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.124-137
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• 1994

Visual features of a mushroom(Lentinus Edodes, L.) are critical in grading and sorting as most agricultural products are. Because of its complex and various visual features, grading and sorting of mushrooms have been done manually by the human expert. To realize the automatic handling and grading of mushrooms in real time, the computer vision system should be utilized and the efficient and robust processing of the camera captured visual information be provided. Since visual features of a mushroom are distributed over the front and back sides, recognizing sides and states of the stalk including the stalk orientation from the captured image is a prime process in the automatic task processing. In this paper, the efficient and robust recognition process identifying the front and back side and the state of the stalk was developed and its performance was compared with other recognition trials. First, recognition was tried based on the rule set up with some experimental heuristics using the quantitative features such as geometry and texture extracted from the segmented mushroom image. And the neural net based learning recognition was done without extracting quantitative features. For network inputs the segmented binary image obtained from the combined type automatic thresholding was tested first. And then the gray valued raw camera image was directly utilized. The state of the stalk seriously affects the measured size of the mushroom cap. When its effect is serious, the stalk should be excluded in mushroom cap sizing. In this paper, the stalk removal process followed by the boundary regeneration of the cap image was also presented. The neural net based gray valued raw image processing showed the successful results for our recognition task. The developed technology through this research may open the new way of the quality inspection and sorting especially for the agricultural products whose visual features are fuzzy and not uniquely defined.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.564-581
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Readiness for Practice Survey (K-RPS). Method: The English Readiness for Practice Survey was translated into Korean using the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation (TRAPD) method. Secondary data analysis was performed using the dataset from the New Nurse e-Cohort study (Panel 2020) in South Korea. This study used a nationally representative sample of 812 senior nursing students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted. Convergent validity within the items and discriminant validity between factors were assessed to evaluate construct validity. Construct validity for hypothesis testing was evaluated using convergent and discriminant validity. Ordinary α was used to assess reliability. Results: The K-RPS comprises 20 items examining four factors: clinical problem solving, learning experience, professional responsibilities, and professional preparation. Although the convergent validity of the items was successfully verified, discriminant validity between the factors was not. The K-RPS construct validity was verified using a bi-factor model (CMIN/DF 2.20, RMSEA .06, TLI .97, CFI .97, and PGFI .59). The K-RPS was significantly correlated with self-esteem (r = .43, p < .001) and anxiety about clinical practicum (r = - .50, p < .001). Internal consistency was reliable based on an ordinary α of .88. Conclusion: The K-RPS is both valid and reliable and can be used as a standardized Korean version of the Readiness for Practice measurement tool.