• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1993

To find out the optimum conditions for indigo cell culture in air-lift bioreactor, effects of media composition including nutrients and precursors of the indigo colorants on the cell growth and characteristics of the cell growth under various cultural conditions were analyzed. Optimum cultural conditions were tested and the growth characteristics were analyzed in external and internal loop type air-lift bioreactors during 14-day culture. Better cell growth was obtained when the inoculum size was higher in the range of 0.5∼2.5% packed cell volume tested. In the sucrose concentration of 2 to 4%, the cell growth was better when the sucrose concentration was 4% (w/w) in both types of reactors. Sucrose was used up in the early stage of exponential phase of growth At the optimum concentration of a Precursor tryptophan at 1 U UW was 3.8 g/l in internal loop bioreactor, and 3.5 g/l in external one after 14 days of cultivation. Addition of indole showed negative effect on cell growth of suspension culture in air-lift biorector culture and cell mass of 2.5 g/l and 2.2 g/l were obtained in external and internal loop bioreactor, respectively. Selected inorganic nitrogen source potassium nitrate showed about 110% increase in cell growth than that of control. DCW was 16.34 g/l under optimum conditions during 14-day cultivation in internal loop bioreactor.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.206-208
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• 1990

Cu(II) hexaazamacrotricyclic complexes $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2$ and $[(Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$, where L = 1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricyclo$[12.2.1.1^{6,9}]octadecane(L_1)$ or 1,3,6,10,12,15-hexaazatricyclo$[13.3.1.1^{6,10}]eicosane(L_2)$, have been prepared by the simple template condensation reactions of triamines, diethylenetriamine for $L_1$, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine for $L_2$, with formaldehyde in the presence of $Cu(OAc)_2\;or\;CuCl_2$. The Cu(II) complexes of $L_1$ contain two 1,3-diazacyclopentane ring moieties and those of $L_2$ contain two 1,3-diazacyclohexane ring moieties that are fused to the 14-membered macrocyclic framework. Spectra indicate that complexes $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2\;and\;[Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$ have square-planar and square-pyramidal chromophores, respectively. square-planar $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2$ are remarkably stable against ligand dissociation in acidic aqueous solutions. Square-pyramidal $[Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$ complexes dissociate their axial Cl-ligands easily in aqueous solutions to form $[Cu(L)H_2O]^{2+}$ species. Infrared and UV/vis absorption spectra of the Cu(II) complexes reveal that Cu-N interactions and the ligand field strengths are significantly weaker in the complexes of $L_2$ than in the complexes of $L_1$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.419-426
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify antioxidant compounds from the seeds of Dolichos lablab L. by bioassay-guided isolation and recrystallization. Methods and Results: The water layer of D. lablab L. seed extract inhibits intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expressing the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase genes, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Two compounds were purified from the water layer of the seeds of D. lablab L. using column chromatography and prep-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), their chemical structures were identified as 5-[(2-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one (C₁₄H₁₄N₂O₄) and stachyose. Conclusions: Two active antioxidant compounds were purified from the seed extract of D. lablab L. seed extract and the structures of these compounds were identified as C₁₄H₁₄O₄N₂ and stachyose.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

The complex [Ni(L2)(H2O)]Cl·H2O (1) (L2=3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazartricyclo [14,4,01.18,07.12]docosane-N-acetic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P, with a=11.274(1), b=13.851(1), c=17.159(6) , α=90.24(2), β=101.10(2), γ=92.11(1)o V=2682.5(11) 3, Z=4, R1=0.042 and wR2=0.111 for 9432 observed reflections with [I>2σ(I)]. The central nicke(II) ion is six-coordinated octahedral geometry with bonds to the four amine nitrogen atoms the carboxylic oxygen atom of the macrocyclic ligand and to the water molecule occupying a position trans to the pendant arm.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2014

In this paper, we investigate the properties of join and meet preserving maps in complete residuated lattice using Zhang's the fuzzy complete lattice which is defined by join and meet on fuzzy posets. We define L-upper (resp. L-lower) approximation operators as a generalization of fuzzy rough sets in complete residuated lattices. Moreover, we investigate the relations between L-upper (resp. L-lower) approximation operators and L-fuzzy preorders. We study various L-fuzzy preorders on $L^X$. They are considered as an important mathematical tool for algebraic structure of fuzzy contexts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.764-768
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• 2003

Resveratrol is natually occurring phytoalexin compounds produced by grape berries, peanuts, and their products in response to stress such as fungal infection, heavy metal ions or UV irradiation. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol in grape and its products. The trans-resveratrol was separated isocratically on Nucleosil 100-5 C18 column, using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile : water (40 : 60, v/v), detected by UV detector at 306 nm and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. Under this analytical condition, the recoveries of trans-resveratrol in grape, wine, and grape juice were 92.35, 104.72, and 91.08, respectively. Limit of detection in grape, wine, and grape juice were 14.5 ng/g, 3.62 ng/mL, and 4.02 ng/mL. Also, limit of quantitation in grape, wine, and grape juice were 14.8 ng/g, 3.69 ng/mL, and 4.10 ng/mL. Assay values of 32 grape varieties, 9 wines, and 9 grape juices were ranged from trace amount to $207.1\;{\mu}g/100\;g$, from 5.4 to $275.7\;{\mu}g/L$, and from 63.3 to $751.6\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.381-400
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• 2002

This paper presents several applications of an improved estimator of the constitutive relation error (CRE) for plasticity problems. The cumulative aspect of the CRE estimator with respect to time is analyzed and we propose a first analysis of the local effectivity indexes of the CRE estimator in plasticity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.557-560
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• 1994

The optimum medium composition for the production of L-tryptophan with Klebsiella pnuemoniae pheA tyrA trpE trpR/pSC 101-trp$^{+}$ and the effect of precusors in the optimum medium were studied. The specific growth rate in the optimum medium was almost the same as that in the basal medium, the former showing 1.01 and the latter 1.07 hr $$^{-1}$, but the produced tryptophan was increased 45% in the optimum medium. The maximum amount of produced tryptophan was 159 mg/l within 14 hours. Tryptophan production was ceased by casamino acid addition over 4 g/l in medium, but cell maSS increased with its addition. Indole and anthranilate as precusors had toxic effect on growth and tryptophan production at experimented concentration range (over 20 mg/l), but L-serine had good effect on tryptophan production, resulting in 175 mg/l tryptophan within 14 hours.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.372-380
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• 2019

Objective: To determine the effects of a local injection of leukocyte-platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-three male New Zealand white rabbits were included in a split-mouth design. Tooth movement with a 100-g nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was performed on the maxillary first premolars. L-PRP was injected submucosally at the buccal and lingual areas of the first premolar in one random side of the maxilla and the other side served as the control and received normal saline. The amount of tooth movement was assessed on three-dimensional digital models on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Histological findings and osteoclast numbers were examined on day 0 as the baseline and on days 7, 14, and 28. Results: The L-PRP group showed significantly greater cumulative tooth movement at all observed periods. However, a significantly higher rate of tooth movement was observed only on days 0-7 and 7-14. The osteoclast numbers were significantly increased in the L-PRP group on days 7 and 14. Conclusions: Local injection of L-PRP resulted in a transient increase in the rate of tooth movement and higher osteoclast numbers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2013

This study investigated that anti-browning effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract and L-cysteine combination. Mushrooms were dipped in solutions (0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine) for 3 min. The dipped mushrooms were packaged in a polystyrene (PS) tray and wrapped with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, and stored for 14 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The browning inhibition activity (Hunter L, a, b color scale and tyrosinase inhibition activity) and quality changes (weight loss rate, gas composition, firmness and sensory evaluation) were analyzed during storage period. After 14 days, the Hunter L and ${\Delta}E$ value of mushrooms treated in 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were 87.24 and 5.56, respectively. The mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine also showed higher firmness (13.31 N) and smaller weight loss rate (2.87%) than the untreated mushroom (11.42 N, 3.04%) on storage day 14. During storage period, the sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were higher than those of the untreated mushrooms, except those that were stored for five days. Overall, the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine had a higher tyrosinase inhibition activity than the untreated mushrooms during storage period. This study suggests that the browning of the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine solution were inhibited, and the that their shelf life was extended.