• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Japanese(L1) on the production of Korean accentual phrases(L2). Korean and Japanese have a similar prosodic structure. But different from Korean, Japanese is a pitch accent language. So each word has its own pitch accent. And pitch accents are maintained in the sentence intonation. This difference will have a negative influence on the production of Korean sentence intonation. For this study 4 Korean natives speakers and 10 advanced Japanese learners of Korean participated in the production test. The material analysed constituted 11 Korean sentences, six of which contain formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. The results show that the initial pitch pattern of Korean accentual phrases was affected by Japanese pitch accent types and this interference was greater for formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. But besides initial tones of accentual phrase, some positive interference was observed in the internal tonal pattern of accentual phrase. In the phonetic realization, the internal pitch range and initial pitch rising of accentual phrases was greater for Japanese learners of Korean than native speakers of Korean.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.58-63
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• 2013

Since radio interference can degrade the performance of systems or limit the system operation, an accurate assessment of radio interference with the existing systems should be conducted prior to the operation of a new system. In this paper, we present an evaluation methodology for the radio interference between radio-navigation satellite service (RNSS) systems and mobile communication service (MS) system. Radio interferences from RNSS systems into MS system using minimum coupling loss (MCL) method are simulated and vice-versa, and the frequency sharing condition between two systems are derived in a same geographical area.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.4050-4067
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• 2014

In wireless sensor networks, link scheduling is a fundamental problem related to throughput capacity and delay. For a given set of communication requests $L=\{l_1,l_2,{\cdots},l_n\}$, the MLS (maximum link scheduling) problem aims to find the largest possible subset S of Lsuch that the links in S can be scheduled simultaneously. Most of the existing results did not consider bidirectional transmission setting, which is more realistic in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, under physical interference model SINR (signal-to-noise-plus-interference-ratio) and bidirectional transmission model, we propose a constant factor approximation algorithm MLSA (Maximum Link Scheduling Algorithm) for MLS. It is proved that in the same topology setting the capacity under unidirectional transmission model is lager than that under bidirectional transmission model. However, compared with some work under unidirectional transmission model, the capacity of MLSA is improved about 28% to 45%.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of Japanese (L1) on the production of the Korean rhythmic structure. Korean and Japanese have typologically different rhythmic structure as a syllable-timed language and mora-timed language, respectively. This rhythmic difference comes from the different phonological properties of the two languages. Due to this difference, Japanese speakers that are learning Korean may produce a different rhythm than native Korean speakers' rhythm. To investigate the influence of the native language's rhythm on the target language, we conducted an acoustic analysis using acoustic metrics such as %V, VarcoV, and VarcoS. Four Korean native speakers and ten advanced Japanese Korean learners participated in a production test. The analyzed material consisted of six Korean sentences that contained various syllable structures. The results showed that KS and JS's rhythms are different in %V as well as in VarcoV. In the case of VarcoS, significant rhythmic difference was observed in the VC and CVC syllable, in which the coda segment is nasal sound. This study allowed us to observe the influence of L1 on production of L2 rhythm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-236
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• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.855-859
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• 2000

An application of synergistic solvent extraction for the etermination of trace lithium in sea water has been studied by forming an adduct complex of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in a solvent. The interference by major constituents in sea water was eliminated by phosphate precipitation. Ex-perimental conditions such as solution pH, concentrations of TTA and TOPO etc. were optimized in synthetic sea water with similar compositionto its natural counterpart. To eliminate the interference, 1.38g of ammoni-um dihydrogen phosphate and 2.5 mL of ammonia water were added into 100 mL of thediluted solution at $60^{\circ}C$ to form the phosphate precipitates of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. After the pH of this filtrate was adjusted to 8.0, 10.0 mL of m-xylene containing 0.1 M TTA and 0.05 M TOPO was added to the solution in a separatory funnel, and the solution was shaken vigorously for 20 minutes. The solvent was separated from the aqueous solution, and 20 uL of m-xylene solution was injected into a gaphite tube to measure the absorbance by GF-AAS. The detection limit was 0.42 ng/mL. Lithium was determined within the range of 146 to 221 ng/mLin Korean coast-al sea waters, and the recoveries in the spiked samples were 94 to 106%.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.7-24
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• 1999

Eleven Korean learners of English took part in an experiment where the production and perception of English /r/ and /l/ in four different word positions was investigated. Overall the subjects made more errors on /l/ in both production and identification tests. The frequency of the subjects' errors was also sensitive to word positions in which the two English liquids occur. Especially the subjects made noticeably fewer errors in intervocalic medial position. It is suggested that the Korean subjects' acquisitional pattern in this particular case of foreign phone learning can be explained more by language particular 'interference' effects rather than 'universal' acoustic arguments such as those given in Dissosway et a1. (1982) and Sheldon and Strange (1982). The results of the experiment also support the minority position among second language educators that in some cases of non-native phone acquisition, learners' production abilities can be developed earlier than their perceptual abilities.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1529-1532
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• 2005

A simple and cost effective method for separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) at the $10^{-7}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ level in the environmental and mineral samples is present. The method is based on the flotation of Ag(I)-iodide complex as an ion-associate with ferroin in pH of 4 from a large volume of an aqueous solution (500 mL) using nheptane. The floated layer was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the subsequent spectrophotometric determination. Beer's law was obeyed over a range of 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-7}$-4.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ with the apparent molar absorptivity of 2.67 ${\times}$ $10^5$ L $mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. The detection limit (n = 5) was 4 ${\times}$ $10^{-8}$ mol $L^{-1}$, and RSD (n = 5) obtained for 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ of Ag(I) was 2.2%. The interference effects of a number of elements was studied and found that only $Hg^{2+}$ at low concentration, and $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$ ions at moderately high concentrations were interfered. To overcome on these interference effects, the solution was treated with EDTA at a buffering pH of 4 and passed through a column containing Amberlite IR-120 ionexchanger resin, just before the flotation process. The proposed method was applied to determine of Ag(I) in a synthetic waste water, a photographic washing sample and a geological sample and the results was compared with those obtained from the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were satisfactorily comparable with together, so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed in encountering with the real samples.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.509-513
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• 2002

In this study, instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess the concentration level of inorganic trace elements in Korean women blood serum. It was found out that high concentration of Na and Cl incurs analytical interference, but 12 elements of Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Se, Zn can be determined under the condition of interference minimization. Serum samples collected from 63 women were analyzed and the concentration level and range of the elements were evaluated. NIST SRMs were analyzed simultaneously for analytical quality control. The average values of Na and Cl determined in serum samples are around 3000 mg/L, Ca is 100 mg/L and K is 200 mg/L. Besides, Br, Se and Zn have concentration level of 6.0, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. It was found that there is no significant difference between the present values and reported values.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2005

This paper investigates the influence of the Korean phonology on the production of English words including a stop plus nasal sequence through production experiments with a beginner and an advanced group of Korean English learners. The results of the production experiments show that both the beginner and the advanced group of Korean English learners were under the influence of the Korean phonological rule realizing a stop as a nasal before a nasal when they pronounced a stop plus nasal sequences in English words. The extent of L1 interference was greater in the beginner group than in the advanced group.