• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The process of electromembrane transformation of L-lysine monohydrochlorides into their zwitterionic form in four- and two-chamber electrodialysis apparatus was investigated. The process of transformation at various concentrations of lysine monohydrochloride (0.1-0.6 mol.L-1) was studied and it was established that at the optimum density of current optimal concentrations of lysine hydrochloride during electrodyalisis was in the range of 0.2-0.4 mol.L-1. It was determined that the process of total transformation was accomplished when pH of the lysine solution achieved 10. Changes of concentrations of $Cl^-$ ions and lysine diffused into the neighboring chamber were determined depending on the time. The method developed by us allows adjusting the removal coefficient of $Cl^-$ ions during transformation to a maximal value, the losses of lysine diffused into the next chamber after its return to the technological cycle being less than 1.0 %. The specific energy consumption during the process of transformation in two- and four-chamber electrodialyzers was 0.19 and 0.205 A.h.kg-1 and the current efficiency was 75.9 and 73.1 %, correspondingly. Study of the process of electromembrane transformation allowed obtaining zwitterionic form of L-lysine from L-lysine monohydrochloride with minimal reagent and energy consumption.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The effect of organic material loadings on nutrient removal characteristics were investigated in sequencing batch reactor, in which a flat sheet type microfiltration membrane with a pore size of $0.4\;{\mu}m$ was submerged. Three organic concentrations of 200 mg/L (Run-1), 400 mg/L (Run-2) and 800 mg/L (Run-3) were carried out continuously to identify their effect on the filtration performance and nutrient removal. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were increased with the increase of COD/N and COD/P. The T-N removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 28.1, 32.6 and 90.4%, the average concentrations of T-N in permeate were 32.0, 30.0, and 4.3 mg/L, respectively. The T-P removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 13.6, 35.3 and 93.1%, the average concentrations of T-P in permeate were 3.11, 2.33, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.732-741
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• 2009

This study was carried out to identify lactic acid bacteria isolated from commercial Kimchi. Twelve lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from Chinese cabbage kimchi (Baechu kimchi) that was fermented for 4 days at room temperature after making kimchi, 6 strains from pickled ponytail radishes (Chongkak kimchi) that was fermented for 2 days, and 15 strains in radish cube kimchi (Kaktugi) that was fermented for 5 days, and 23 strains were isolated in pickled Wakegi (Pa kimchi) that was fermented for 4 days. Eight strains among the lactic acid bacteria of 12 strains isolated from Baechu kimchi (pH 4.0) were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 strain as Leuconostoc lactis, 2 strains as Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, and 1 strain as Lactobacillus sake. Three strains among the lactic acid bacteria of 6 strains isolated from Chongkak kimchi (pH 4.5) were identified as Leuconostoc paramesenteroides, 2 strains as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, and 1 strain as Lactobacillus plantarum. Two strains among the 15 strains isolated in Kaktugi (pH 4.0) were identified as Leuconostoc lactis, 3 strains as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp dextranicum, 4 strains as Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, and 4 strains as Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens. Twenty-two strains among the 23 strains isolated from Pa kimchi (pH 4.1) identified as L. plantarum and 1 strain was as Lactobacillus sake. From the results above, the dominant species of Baechu kimchi was confirmed as L. plantarum, Chongkak kimchi as L. paramesenteroides, Kaktugi as L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum and L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, and Pa kimchi as L. plantarum.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

Operating characteristics of a 30 L microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for producing biogas from sewage sludge was studied. During the 32-day inoculation period, carbon dioxide concentration decreased and methane concentration increased with operating time, and the overall methane content of biogas was 69.1% with a production rate of 171.6 mL CH₄/L·d. In fed-batch experiments for 6 operating cycles, CH₄ concentration of 66.5~77.2% was obtained at a production rate of 184.9~372.9 mL CH₄/L·d, COD, TS and VS removal efficiency ranged from 28.2 to 42.1%, 20.7 to 37.5% and 18.5 to 36.9%, respectively. The MEC system was observed to be stabilized as operating cycles were repeated after inoculation. In the last operating cycle, 5221 mL/L of methane was produced with CH₄ yield of 316.7 L CH₄/kg COD_rem, and the energy recovery was 73%.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the native distribution and flowering characteristics of Lycoris genus which is endemic species in Asia. This study was summarized as fellows: Native distribution of Lycoris genus was situated in latitude 37- 24 degrees with high humidity of coastline. Mininum temperature of native area was at -10℃ during winter season. The leaf of L. squamigera, L. koreana, L. sangunea, L. sprengeri, L. incanata and L. flavescens emergenced in spring. The leaf of L. radiata, L. rdiata var pumila, L. aurea, L. traubii, L. albiflora and L. houdyshelli emergenced in autum. Bulb of Lycoris genus show a sympodial branching system which is composed of 14-23 scales and 2.8-5.2 leaves per each bulb at flowering time. The flower shape of L. squamigera, L. Koreana, L, aurea, L. incanata, L. sprengeri, L. sanguinea and L. flavescens was trumpet. The flower of L. radiata. L. radiata var pumila, L. albiflora, L. houdchelli and L. traubii. was spider.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 1992

A mixed convection heat transfer from two vertical parallel plates has been studied numerically by the finite difference method. Effects of the Grashof number, the relative length, $L_2/L_1$. the dimensionless temperature ratio, ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ and the dimensionless plate spacing, $b/L_1$ are examined for the heat transfer. Independent of the Grashof numbers and $L_2/L_1$, the dimensionless vertical velocity distributions skewed on the left plate as ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ decreased. The dimensionless vertical velocity distribution for $Gr/Re^2=1$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1=1.0$ is skewed to the right plate $L_2/L_1=0.5$, symmetric at $L_2/L_1=1.0$ and skewed to the left plate at $L_2/L_1=1.5$. But for $Gr/Re_2=10.0$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1=1.0$ reversed velocity patterns are obtained. Regardless of the Grashof numbers and $L_2/L_1$, the mean Nusselt nembers on the inside surface of the left plate decreases and those of the right inside surface increases as ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ increases. Temperature, velocity and mean Nusselt number distributions are apparently not affected by $L_2/L_1$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 1998

About 75 strains which utilize cholesterol as sole carbon and energy source were isolated from 10 samples of Kimchi and 18 samples of fermented fish food (2 Ojingo-jeots, salt-fermented squid ; 5 Changran-jeots, salt-fermented pollack tripe ; 5 Myungran-jeots, salt-fermented Alaska pollack roe ; 3 Gajami-sikhae-jeots, fermented flat fish ; 2 Gul-jeots, salt-fermented oyster ; a Juneo-jeots, salt-fermented shad). Among them tested, the 3T6-5Mj strain isolated from Changran-jeot showed the highest activity on cholesterol degradation. The optimal composition of medium for the producing cholesterol degradation enzyme by 3T6-5Mj strain was 1.0 g/L NH4NO3, 1.0 g/L K2HPO4, 0.1 g/L MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0 g/L FeSO4.7H2O, 1 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L Trypton, 1 g/L Cholesterol, and 5 g/L Maltose at 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and the enzyme production reached a maximum level at 140 hours of cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-30
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• 1982

The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the patients with toxemia of pregnancy and sodium, potassium and chlorine content in their blood serum and the intake diet. The author analyzed or titrated the concentration of serum and diet electrolytes for the antenatal and gynecologic inpatients (19 normal and 17 toxemic pregnant women ranged 23 to 32 years old) of the Han gang sacred Heart Hospital in Seoul and also determined their daily salt intake. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. In the patients with toxemia of pregnancy mean sodium concentration in serum $(147.2{\pm}11.0mEq/L\;(338.5mg/dl)$ was greater than that of normal pregnant women (140 mEq/L corresponding to 322mg/dl) 2. In the toxemic pregnant women serum chlorine level (mean $113.4{\pm}5.6 mEq/L$ corresponding to 402.5mg/dl) showed the increase of 9.9 mEq /L(36.9 mg/dl) when compared to mean value of normal pregnant women(103.5mEq/L corresponding to 365.6mg/dl). 3. Mean potassium content in pregnant women with toxemia($4.59{\pm}0.7mEq/L$ corresponding to 17.9mg/dl) was similar to that of normal pregnant women(4.2mEq/L corresponding to 16.3mg/dl). 4. It was found that the salt content detected in the diet of toxemic pregnant women (mean $20.84{\pm}2.1g/day$) was greater than daily mean salt intake of normal pregnant women (19g).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 2004

In order to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), the effects of culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with mature seeds of a cultivar, 'Roughrider', as explant tissues. The optimal concentration of 2,4-D for the induction of embryogenic callus from mature seeds was 3 mg/L. Plant regeneration frequency was 36.3% when embryogenic calli were cultured on the regeneration medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L BA. Addition of 1 g/L casein hydrolysate and 300 mg/L L-proline improved frequencies of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration up to 57.3 and 60.7%, respectively. Supplementation of the media with 10 mga $\textrm{AgNO}_3$ and 40 mg/L cysteine enhanced frequencies of callus induction and plant regeneration. Efficient regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of orchardgrass through genetic transformation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 1987

Biosynthesis of saponins from acetate, mevalonate and squalene using root slices of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was investigated. The sliced roots (2g) were incubated with the reaction mixture containing 20 M sodium acetate ($500\mu$Ci [U-$^{l4}C$]-acetate),10 mM mevalonate ($25\mu$Ci [2-$^{l4}C$]-mevalonate) or 10 mM swidme ($10\mu$Ci [4,8,12,13,17,21-$^3H$]-squalene) respectively at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. Biosynthesis of labelled ginseng saponine from [U-l4C]-acetate, [2-$^{l4}C$]-mevalonate and [4,8,12,13,17,21-$^3H$]-squalene was confirmed by autoradiography. Analysis of the products from [U-$^{l4}C$]-acetate by T.L.C. showed that the % radioactivities in panaxadiol, panaxatriol, squalene and mevalonate were found to be 2.1%, 2.7%, 2.6% and 0.2% respectively. Some of the sugars were also highly labelled. Analysis of the products from [2-$^{l4}C$]-mevalonate by T.L.C. showed that squalene was highly labelled and the products from [4,8,12,13,17,21-$^3H$]-squalene showed that panaxadiol, panaxatriol and sterol were highly labelled. From the above results, it was suggested that saponine might be synthesized from acetate via mevalonate-squalene route as expected in ginseng root.