• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2000

본 논문은 평면 위의 n 개의 점에 대한 $L_{\infty}(L_1)$ 거리의 동적 디루니 삼각분할을 구축하는 방법을 소개한다. 이 방법은 $L_{\infty}(L_1)$ 거리 상에서 사분면 근접 그래프가 디루니 삼각분할에 포함되고 디루니 삼각분할에 있는 각 삼각형의 최소한 한 선분이 사분면 근접 그래프에 포함됨을 발견하고 이를 이용하여 레인지 트리 방법으로 동적 디루니 삼각분할을 구축한다. 본 방법은 $L_1(L_{\infty})$ 거리의 디루니 삼각분할에서 삽입과 삭제를 한 점 당 $O(log^2n)$ amortized 시간과 O(log n)의 expected 시간에 처리한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 1997

항암제에 대한 내성은 내인성 또는 획득한 내성 모두가 암의 치료에 장애가 된다. P-당단백질을 encode하고있는 mdr1 유전자의 발현이 항암제에 대해 내성을 가지고 있는 암세포에서 많이 관찰되고 있으며, 최근에는 시험관적으로 항암제에 대한 내성이 유도된 암세포주들에서 mdr1 유전자가 발현되지 않는 암세포들이 보고되고 있다. 다제내성에 관계하는 또 하나의 유전자인 MRP 발현정도를 L1210세포와 내성인 L1210변이주들에서 조사하였으며, c-myc과 c-fos 유전자의 발현변화를 관찰하였다. RT-PCR을 시행하여 L1210, L1210AdR, L1210VcR에서 MRP 유전자발현을 확인하였으며, Northern hybridization한 결과 L1210세포에 비하여 L1210AdR은 유전자 발현이 40% 정도 감소하였으며, L12l0Cis는 90% 정도의 유전자 발현감소가 관찰되었다. c-myc과 c-fos유전자의 Northern hybridization한 결과 L1210에 비하여 L1210AdR은 발현감소가 나타났으나, L1210VcR과 L1210Cis의 경우는 오히려 발현증가가 관찰되었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.307-310
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• 1995

Pelargonium aridum과 P. zonale의 자엽과 유식물의 절편체를 2 mg/L NAA와 0.2 mg/L BA를 첨가한 MS배지에서 배양하였을 때 캘러스를 형성하였다. 이들 캘러스는 동일배지에서 계대배양양하였다. 계대배양된 캘러스는 P. aridum의 경우 0.1∼l mg/L NAA와 0.25∼2 mg/L BA에서, P. zonale의 경우 0.1∼0.5 mg/L NAA와 1∼2 mg/L BA를 첨가한 MS 배지에 옮겨주었을 때 가장 많은 shoot를 형성하였다(P. aridum은 explant당 0.78개, P.zonale은 0.65개). 대부분의 shoot은 1/2 MS기본배지에서 배양하였을 때 발근하였다. 이들 재분화 개체들은 화분으로 옮겨진 추 온실에서 발육하여 개화하였다

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 1989

From the roots of Puisatiila koreana, three monodesmosides(pulsatilla saponins A, B and D) and two bisdesmosides(pulsatilla saponins F and H) were isolated. The structure of these saponins have been determined as hederagenin 3-O-${\beta}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)- ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(A), hederagenin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyrano syl($1{\to}4$) - ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(B), hederagenin 3-O- ${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl ($1{\to}2$)-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}4$]-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(D), 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)-{${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyrano syl($1{\to}4$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyrano syl($1{\to}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyI ester (F) and 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}4$)]- ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-${\alpha}$-L-lharnnopyranosyl($1{\to}4$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucop yranosyl ester(H) on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. Pulsatilla saponin B is the first report of its presence in plants but saponins A, D, F, and H have recently been isolated from the same genus p. cernua.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2001

Backgrounds and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it was been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Acupuncture will show more objective index to observe the meridian. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) following acupuncture stimulation. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from December 1999 to February 2000 on 60 healthy students. The objective was divided into two groups, those are the control group A(N=30) that no acupuncture stimulation, the group B(N=30) of acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$). First, in the control group A, I took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.l.) and did same area, 10min after. Second, in the acupuncture stimulation group B, we took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Th - ermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.), and then stimulate acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$) and took a picture same area, 10min after. Results : 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture on Taeyon($L_9$) area was lower than Chungbu($L_1$) area about $3.0^{\circ}C$, in the Lt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area was lower than Rt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area. 2. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Taeyon($L_9$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Taenung($P_7$) area did not showed significantly. 3. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Chungbu($L_1$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Chondol($CV_{22}$) area did not showed significantly. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Lung Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Taeyon($L_9$) different from other Meridian with significantly change. Conclusion : The acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$) affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point, in the Lung Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for the existence of the meridian and meridian point.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.724-730
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of orally administered probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus species) as allergic immune modulators in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA twice at a 2-week interval for allergy sensitization. The mice were then orally administered Lactobacillus casei YIT9029 (L1), L. casei HY7201 (L2), L. brevis HY7401 (L3), or L. plantarum HY20301 (L4) every 2 days for 3 weeks. Total IgE levels significantly decreased in sera of L3-administered mice but increased in the other groups. OVA-specific IgE levels decreased slightly in sera of mice administered L1, L3, and L4 but increased significantly in L2-administered mice. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) using sera from administered mice, only the L3-administered group showed reaction inhibition. High expression of TLR-2 with interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ stimulation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred in L3- or L4-administered mice. Th1 cytokines, including IFN-${\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-12, increased in splenocytes of L3-administered mice; however, IL-4 decreased in L1- and L4-administered groups; IL-5 decreased in all experimental groups. IL-6 decreased in the L3-administered group; and IL-10 decreased in L1-, L2-, and L3-administered groups. L3 induced antiallergic effects by increasing Th1 cytokines, decreasing Th2 cytokines, and inhibiting the PCA reaction, whereas L2 administration increased allergic effects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between cervical, lumbar lordosis and low back pain(LBP), sex, age and duration of LBP. Methods : Cervical, lumbar lordosis(by Cobb's Method) and Ferguson's angle were measured and evaluated in LBP group and control. Radiograph was taken in lateral direction, erect position. Cobb's angle between C1-C7, C2-C7, L1-L5, L1-S1 and Ferguson's angle were measured and investigated with statistical program. Results: 1. Cervical lordosis have no relation to LBP, sex and age. 2. Lumbar lordosis and Ferguson's angle have no relation to LBP and sex. 3. Cobb's angle L1-L5 have no relation to age. Lumbar lordosis from L1 to S1(Cobb's angle L1-S1) increased in old group(Age>40) compared to young group(Age${\leq}$40). 4. In LBP group, Cobb's angle L1-S1 have no relation to duration of LBP. Lumbar lordosis from L1 to L5(Cobb's angle L1-L5) decreased in acute LBP group compared to Chronic group. Conclusions : Cervical, lumbar lordosis and Ferguson's angle have no relation to LBP and sex. As far as age is concerned, old group have larger lumbosacral lordosis than young group. Acute LBP group have smaller lumbar lordosis(Cobb's angle L1-L5) than chronic group.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2013

In a continuation of investigation on Cordyceps militaris, thirteen compounds were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH-soluble fraction of C. militaris. They were identified as twelve diketopiperazines such as cyclo($\small{L}$-Gly-$\small{L}$-Pro) (1), cyclo($\small{L}$-Ala-$\small{L}$-Pro) (2), cyclo($\small{L}$-Ser-$\small{L}$-Pro) (3), cyclo($\small{L}$-Val-$\small{L}$-Pro) (4), cyclo($\small{L}$-Thr-$\small{L}$-Pro) (5), cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Pro) (6), cyclo($\small{L}$-Thr-$\small{L}$-Leu) (7), cyclo($\small{L}$-Tyr-$\small{L}$-Ala) (8), cyclo($\small{L}$-Phe-$\small{L}$-Ser) (9), cyclo($\small{L}$-Phe-$\small{L}$-Pro) (10), cyclo($\small{L}$-Tyr-$\small{L}$-Pro) (11) and brevianamide F (13), and an amino acid, tryptophan (12). Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis including 1D-NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC) and MS spectral data. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 1, 2, 6-11 are first reported from C. militaris.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2007

계면활성제의 주된 원료이며 Estrogenic hormone으로 알려진 nonylphenol이 수중생태계 먹이망의 하등생물군 성장에 미치는 독성영향을 파악하고자, 배양중인 조류(Microcytis aeruginosa), 편모충(Diphylleia rotans), 소형 (Brachionus calyciflorus) 및 대형동물플랑크톤(Daphnia magna)에 다양한 농도로 제작된 NP을 처리하고 각 개체군의 성장 및 동물플랑크톤 B. calyciflorus, D. magna의 발생특성을 각각 조사하였다. 예비실험을 통하여, 투여농도는 개체군에 따라 조류(0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 1.00mg $L^{-1}$), Diphylleia rotans (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), Brachionus calyciflorus (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), Daphnia magna (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) 등으로 $4{\sim}5$단계 농도를 처리하였으며, 독성효과는 각 개체군의 현존량 변화로 산정 하였으며 실험은 각각 3회씩 반복 실행하였다. 분석결과, 예상했던 것처럼 모든 개체군은 NP농도가 증가할수록 강한 성장 억제를 보였다. 조류실험에서는 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$, D. rotans와 B. calyciflorus는 공히 10 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 대형동물플랑크톤 D. magna는 5.0 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$부터 각각 유의한 성장억제를 보였다. Nonylphenol에 대한 각 개체군의 $EC_{50}$은 B. calyciflorus (2.49 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) < D. rotans (3.49 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) < D. magna (7.61 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) < M. aeruginosa (47 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) 의 순으로 나타나 NP에 대해 조류세포가 가장 강한 내성을 보인 반면 B. calyciflorus가 가장 약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동물플랑크톤의 발생에 있어서 B. calyciflorus는 NP농도$(0.1{\sim}1{\mu}g\;L^{-1})$, D. magna는 이보다 약간 높은 NP농도 $(0.5{\sim}5{\mu}g\;L^{-1})$에서 공히 내구란이 형성되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 조류섭식자인 편모충이나 동물플랑크톤은 모두 nonylphenol에 대하여 조류보다 내성이 극히 약하며 특히 발생계에 치명적인 영향을 받기 때문에 NP가 유입되는 수계에 있어서 섭식자 소멸로 인한 식물플랑크톤 대발생의 인자로 작용할 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1988

A partially purified preparation of L-galactonolactone oxidase which catalyzes the last step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis was obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCc 26787. The purification procedures included Triton X-100 treatment, protamine sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography, and Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was about $34^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH was 6.8-7.0. The substrate specificity was confined to L-aldonolactones, L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone. An apparent Km value of 0.294mM with L-galactono-1,4-lactone as a substrate was found. By comparing the substrate specificities of this enzyme with those of isofunctional enzymes of higher plants and animals, it becomes evident that the enzyme of S. cerevisiae ATCC 26787 is rather similar to the L-gulonolactone oxidase of animals than the galactonolactone dehydrogenase of higher plants.