• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

We have fabricated mixed-ionic conducting membranes, L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ and L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ by the solid state method. Ceramic membranes consisted of perovskite-type structures and exhibited high relative density, >95%. Especially, dense L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ layer was coated on the L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membranes by using screen printing technique in order to improve oxygen ion flux. We measured oxygen ion flux on uncoated L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/, uncoated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/, and coated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membranes. The L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membranes showed the highest flux, 0.26 mL/min.$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 90$0^{\circ}C$, after steady state had been reached. The oxygen flux of coated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membranes showed higher value, 0.19 mL/min.$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 95$0^{\circ}C$. This flux was as much as 2 or 3 times higher than those of uncoated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membranes. 3-$\delta$/ membranes.X> 3-$\delta$/ membranes.membranes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-36
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• 1989

The r a p i d i n c r e a s e o f microcomputer technology has r e s u l t e d i n t h e broad a p p l i c a t i o n t o various f i e l d s . The purpose of t h l s paper 1s to design a computerized r e t r i e v a l system f o r nuclear information m a t e r i a l s using a microcomputer.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 1986

The montane forests of Ulreung Island, Korea, were investigated by the ZM school method. By comparing the montane forests of this island with those of Korean Peninsula and of Japan, a new order, F a g e t a l i a m u l t i n e r v i s, a new alliance, F a l g i o n m u l t i n e r v i s, a new association, H e p a t i c o-F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s and Rhododendron brachycarpum-Pinus parviflora community were recognized. The H e p a t i c o - F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s was further subdivided into four subassociations; Subass. of Sasa kurilensis, Subass. of Rumohra standishii, Subass. of Rhododendron brachycarpum and Subass. of typicum. Each community was described in terms of floristic, structural and environmental features.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.1009-1013
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• 2012

We investigated the antibacterial effects of Opuntia ficus indica extracts on foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, on the medium of sliced apples. Pathogens were inoculated on sliced apples and immersed for 10 min in Opuntia ficus indica extracts. Each sample was packaged and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. The populations of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes significantly decreased with increasing extract concentration (p<0.05). In particular, L. monocytogenes was reduced to non-detectable levels after 2 days in 50 mg/mL treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ Opuntia ficus indica extracts therefore have antibacterial effects on the two foodborne pathogens. Sensory evaluation results indicated that treated apples had better sensory characteristics than did the control. Therefore, the results suggest that Opuntia ficus indica extracts could be useful as a natural food preservative to improve microbial safety.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.336-350
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• 2012

Cette $\acute{e}$tude a pour objectif d'analyser et d'expliquer le g$\acute{e}$osite de l'$\hat{I}$le de Geum-o pour connaitre les caract$\acute{e}$ristiques de cette r$\acute{e}$gion du point de vue $\acute{e}$cologique, historique et culturel $\grave{a}$ partir de ses ressources g$\acute{e}$omorphiques et g$\acute{e}$ologiques. Il y a plusieurs ressources g$\acute{e}$otouristiques sur $\hat{I}$le de Geum - o: la falaise de 'Miyeokneolbang' et 'Shinseondae'; la plage de Gigpo; la falaise et la caverne marine de 'Gualbaramtong'; le tombolo et l'$\hat{I}$le reli$\acute{e}$e $\grave{a}$ la terre de Choungsan; la coul$\acute{e}$e de roches de Jangji; la plage de cailloux de Jangji; le lieu des tuf et des andesite de la c$\hat{o}$te orientale. On a g$\acute{e}$n$\acute{e}$ralement d$\acute{e}$velopp$\acute{e}$ la couche s$\acute{e}$dimentaire et les roches volcaniques li$\acute{e}$es $\grave{a}$ la derni$\grave{e}$re p$\acute{e}$riode du m$\acute{e}$sozo$\ddot{i}$que. Une route g$\acute{e}$otouristique part de l'embarcad$\grave{e}$re de Hamgoumi sur l'$\hat{I}$le de Geum-o et continue du Nord-Ouest jusqu'au Sud-Est l'autre route part de la c$\hat{o}$te Est et continue en suivant la c$\hat{o}$te orientale. Nous proposons des panneaux d'explication g$\acute{e}$otouristique de Janji centr$\acute{e}$s sur la coul$\acute{e}$e de roches.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 1998

The in vitro effects of trisodium phosphate and cetylpyridinium chloride on E. coli 0157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were investigated. The trisodium phosphate and cetylpyridinium chloride was bactericidal toward E. coli 0157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. The killing effects of the $1{\times}10^{-2}\;M$ trisodium phosphate on E. coli 0157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were 30~40%, 40~50%, respectively. The killing effects of the $5{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ cetylpyridinium chloride on E. coli 0157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were 90~95%, 95~99%, respectively. The killing effects of the trisodium phosphate was $10^5$ times that of the cetylpyridinium chloride. Factors effecting the bactericidal action of trisodium phosphate and cetylpyridinium chloride were investigated and the action depended on temperature and pH.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.636-643
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• 2009

Inactivation by UV-C irradiation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto washed carrots was examined. Carrot samples were inoculated with 6-7 log CFU/mL of E. coli O157:H7 or L. monocytogenes, treated with doses of 0, 1, 3, 5, or $10\;kJ/m^2$ UV-C, and stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 8 d. The populations of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes significantly decreased with increasing irradiation dose (p<0.05). In particular, E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes populations fell significantly by 2.35 and 2.38 log CFU/g at $10\;kJ/m^2$, respectively, compared to control values. UV-C irradiation inhibited color changes and decreased the whiteness index in carrot during storage, compared to controls. Sensory evaluation results showed that UV-C-treated carrots had better sensory characteristics than did the control. Therefore, the results suggest that UV-C irradiation could be useful to improve the microbial safety and sensory qualities of fresh-cut carrots during storage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

This study was investigated about the antibacterial effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was 24, 48 and 24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was all of 96 mg/mL. The growth of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly inhibited at the concentration of AGE 24 mg/mL at 24 hr post-incubation (p < 0.01), but that of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited at the same concentration. However, the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of AGE 96 mg/mL was significantly inhibited at 24 hr post-incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria (p < 0.01). At the concentration of AGE 48 (p < 0.05) and 96 mg/mL (p < 0.001), the growth of S. typhimurim was significantly inhibited at 24 hr after incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria. With the results of this study, AGE can be used as alternative to antibiotics and chemical food preservatives.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2001

The L $i_{0.5}$F $e_{2.5-x}$A $l_{x}$ $O_4$ systems (x=0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The structure of all the samples is cubic spinel type and lattice constant decrease with increasing Al content x. The Moissbauer spectra reveal two sextet for 0$\leq$x$\leq$0.6, two sextet and a doublet for 0.9$\leq$x$\leq$1.2, and a doublet for x=1.5. The cation distribution of the samples is (L $i_{1-a}$$^{+}$F $e_{a}$ $^{3+}$)$^{A}$[L $i_{a-0.5}$$^{+}$A $l_{2.5-a-x}$$^{+}$F $e_{2.5-a-x}$$^{3+}$]$^{B}$ $O_4$$^{2-}$ and substituted $Al^{3+}$ ions decrease the covalency of F $e^{3+}$- $O^{2-}$ bond in B-sites and A-B super-exchange interactions.tions.s.tions.ons.s.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.517-531
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• 2002

The speciation and solubility of Am, Np, Pu and U have been analyzed by means of the geochemical code MUGREM, under the chemical conditions of domestic deep groundwater, in order to support the preliminary safety assessment for a Korean HLW disposal concept. Under the conditions of groundwaters studied, the stable solid phase is AmOHC $O_3$(s) or Am(OH)$_3$(s), soddyite((U $O_2$)$_2$ $SiO_2$.2$H_2O$) or N $a_2$ $U_2$ $O_{7}$ (c), Np(OH)$_4$(am), and Pu(OH)$_4$(am) for Am, U, Np, and Pu, respectively. The dominating aqueous species are as follows: the complexes of Am(III), Am(OH)$_2$$^{+}$ and Am(C $O_3$)$_2$$^{[-10]}$ , the complexes of U(VI), U $O_2$(OH)$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and U $O_2$(C $O_3$)$_3$$^{4-}$, the complexes of Np(IV), Np(OH)$_4$(aq) and Np(OH)$_3$C $O_3$, and the complexes of Pu(IV), Pu(OH)$_4$(aq) and Pu(OH)$_3$C $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ . The calculated solubilities exist between 1.9E-10 and 1.3E-9 mol/L for Am, between 5.6E-6 and 1.2E-4 mol/L for U, between 3.1E-9 and 1.3E-8 mol/L for Np, and between 6.6E-10 and 2.4E-10 mol/L for Pu, depending on groundwater conditions. The present solubilities of each actinide agree well with the results of other studies obtained under similar conditions.s.