• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.681-691
• /
• 2002

We study categorical properties of the category SWQOS (S$\^$U/WQOS, S$\^$L/WQOS, resp) of (upper, lower, resp.) semi-continuous quasi-ordered spaces and the subcategory SWPOS (S$\^$U/WPOS, S$\^$L/WPOS, resp.) of (upper, lower, resp.) semicontinuous partially ordered spaces. We show that the categories S$\^$U/WPOS, S$\^$L/WPOS and SWPOS are closed under the formation of initial mono-sources in the category TQOS of topological quasi-ordered spaces, and they we mono-topological, complete and cocomplete epireflective subcategories of the category TQOS. We obtain their MacNeille and universal initial completions, as well as those of subcatego.ies S$\^$U/WQOS(S$\^$L/WQOS) and SWQOS, in which the topologies are T$\_$0/ and T$_1$, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 1991

에탄올의 발효 생산성을 높이기 위해서는 발효조의 균체농도를 높여 고농도의 배양을 해야하며 또한 에탄올에 의한 저해 작용을 감소시켜 비생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 발효액 중에 축적되는 에탄올을 배출 시킬 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 목적으로 본 연구에서는 고분자 hollow fiber membrane, ceramic filter를 이용하여 가장 중요한 조작 변수인 희석율과 bleed stream ratio가 에탄올 생산성에 미치는 영향 및 조작의 문제점과 장기 조업 가능성을 검토하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2005

Using a general Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model strain, continuous ethanol fermentation was carried out in a stirred tank bioreactor with a working volume of 1,500 mL. Three different gravity media containing glucose of 120, 200 and 280 g/L, respectively, supplemented with 5 g/L yeast extract and 3 g/L peptone, were fed into the fermentor at different dilution rates. Although complete steady states developed for low gravity medium containing 120 g/L glucose, quasi-steady states and oscillations of the fermented parameters, including residual glucose, ethanol and biomass were observed when high gravity medium containing 200 g/L glucose and very high gravity medium containing 280 g/L glucose were fed at the designated dilution rate of $0.027\;h^{-1}$. The observed quasi-steady states that incorporated these steady states, quasi-steady states and oscillations were proposed as these oscillations were of relatively short periods of time and their averages fluctuated up and down almost symmetrically. The continuous kinetic models that combined both the substrate and product inhibitions were developed and correlated for these observed quasi-steady states.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.661-666
• /
• 2014

Both lactic acid productivity and cell growth were linearly correlated with yeast extract supplementation in batch fermentation. During conventional continuous operation, although fresh feed was introduced into the bioreactor with a significantly low dilution rate (0.04 $h^{-1}$), the amount of yeast extract employed was not enough to maintain the growth of microorganism. However, when the fresh feed contained 100 g/l glucose and 2 g/l yeast extract during cell-recycle continuous operation at a dilution rate of 0.04 $h^{-1}$, more than 90 g/l lactic acid was continuously produced, with the average productivity of 3.72 $g/l{\cdot}h$. In this experiment, 82 g of yeast extract (77% of reduction yield) could be reduced for the production of 1 kg of lactic acid compared with batch fermentation of a similar volumetric productivity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2002

The continuous production of citric acid from dairy wastewater was investigated using calcium-alginate immobilized Asrergillus niger ATCC 9142. The citric acid productivity and yield were strongly affected by the culture conditions. The optimal pH, temperature, and dilution rate were 3.0, 30$^{\circ}C$, and 0.025 h$\^$-1/, respectively. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum productivity, concentration, and yield of citric acid produced by the calcium-alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger were 160 mg L$\^$-1/ h$\^$-1/, 4.5 g/L, and 70.3%, respectively, The culture was continuously perfored for 20 days without any apparent loss in citric acid productivity. Conversely, under the same conditions with a batch shake-flask culture, the maximum productivity, citric acid concentration, and yield were only 63.3 mg L$\^$-1/h$\^$-1/, 4.7 g/L and 51.4%, respectively, Therefore, the results suggest that the bioreactor used in this study could be potentially used for continuous citric acid production from dairy wastewater by applying calcium-alginate immobilized Aspergillus niger.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2019

Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes were investigated. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and two continuous-flow multiple anoxic and aerobic reactors (CMRs) were operated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) (SBR-H and CMR-H) and low DO (SBR-L and CMR-L) concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen removal was enhanced under CMR and low DO conditions (CMR-L). The highest total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency of 91.5% was achieved. Higher nitrifying and denitrifying activities in SBRs were observed. CMRs possessed higher $N_2O$ emission factors during nitrification in the presence of organics, with the highest $N_2O$ emission factor of 60.7% in CMR-L. SBR and low DO conditions promoted $N_2O$ emission during denitrification. CMR systems had higher microbial diversity. Candidatus Accumulibacter, Nitrosomonadaceae and putative denitrifiers ($N_2O$ reducers and producers) were responsible for $N_2O$ emission.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 1991

Packed bed column과 continuous stirred tank reactor에서 고정화된 glucoamylase의 catalytic activity를 비교하였다. Settling chamber를 이용한 연속애화, 당화 공정을 사용하여 액화된 전분으로부터 포도당을 연속적으로 생산하였다. . Chitin에 고정화된 glucoamylase에 의한 당화실험에 있어서는 dextrin의 농도가 100g/l일 때, 체류시간 20분 동안 20의 당화수율을 나타냈다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제24권1_2호
• /
• pp.427-435
• /
• 2007

The existence theorem and continuous dependence property in $"L^2"$ sense for solutions of backward stochastic differential equation (shortly BSDE) with Lipschitz coefficients were respectively established by Pardoux-Peng and Peng in [1,2], Mao and Cao generalized the Pardoux-Peng's existence and uniqueness theorem to BSDE with non-Lipschitz coefficients in [3,4]. The present paper generalizes the Peng's continuous dependence property in $"L^2"$ sense to BSDE with Mao and Cao's conditions. Furthermore, this paper investigates the continuous dependence property in "almost surely" sense for BSDE with Mao and Cao's conditions, based on the comparison with the classical mathematical expectation.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.938-941
• /
• 2006

Continuous fermentation process for the production of soluble glucan using mutant Agrobacterium sp. ATCC31750 has been developed in this research. When the concentration of soluble glucan was higher than 6 g/l, the viscosity of the fermented broth was too high and it needs complex separation process to separate from culture broth. Mathematical models which describe the cell growth and glucan production was developed and they kinetic parameters were estimated with experimental data. They are used for the optimization of continuous fermentation process and calculate optimal dilution rate for easy separation of glucan 4 g/l. With continuous fermentation, glucan production rate was increased 1.8 times more than that with batch fermentation.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 1975