• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

This paper deals with the improvement of cluster head selection method in L-SEP for heterogeneous nodes among hierarchical routing protocols of wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous network. In heterogeneous network, SEP, L-SEP are mainly used because cluster head selection probability is different depending on node type. But, since protocol based on SEP has different cluster head selection probabilities depending on the node type, clusters that transmit data inefficiently can be formed. to improve this, it is necessary to select the cluster head that minimizes the transmission distance of member node and the cluster head. Therefore, we propose a protocol that improve the cluster head selection method.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2017

Wireless sensor nodes have limited energy, so it is important to optimize energy consumption to preserve network lifetime. Various protocols have been proposed for this purpose. LEACH protocol and SEP are the representative protocols. These protocols become less effective as the Sensor Field becomes wider. To improve this, MR-SEP and L-SEP were proposed. These protocols increase the energy efficiency by dividing the Sensor Field into layers and reducing the transmission distance. However, when dividing a layer, there are cases where it is divided inefficiently, and a node within a certain range from a Base Station has a better transmission efficiency than a direct transmission method using a cluster method. In this paper, we propose a Single-hop layer for L-SEP to improve inefficient layer division and near node transmission efficiency. When the larger the Sensor Field, the better the performance of the proposed method by up to 87%. The larger the sensor field, the more efficient the proposed method is over the conventional method. That is, the proposed method is suitable for the wide Sensor Field.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the effects of organic reserves on winter survial or regrowth yield. Forage rape (Brussicu napus L.) was sown at 10 day> interval from Sep. I to Nov. 1. Field-grown palnts were sampled on the before wintering (Dec. 4) and on the wintering period (Jan. 16) to analyze the nitrogen and non-structural cahohydrate reserves. The rate of winter survival and regrowth yield were also measured in the spring of next year. On the before wintering, the dry matter yields from the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep.11 and Sep. 21 were 860, 596 and 260 kg/lOa, respectively. No. harvest was canied out on the plots sown after Oct. 1 because the growth state was not enough to cut. Both of nitrogen and starch contents per plant significantly increased as the seeding date was later. On the wintering period, the contents of nitrogen reserves in roots were 176.8. 120.1, 71.7, 84.0, 72.1, 45.3 and 33.3 mg/plant, those of starch reserves were 199.0. 55.8, 21.8, 92.6, 86.5, 36.4 and 29.0 mglplant, resepctively, in the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep. 11, Sep. 21, Oct. I, Oct. 11, Oct. 21 and Nov. 1. The rates of winter survival were 40, 36, 33, 85, 87, 59 and 49% and regrowth yields were 161, 86, 65, 520, 451, 121 and 33 kgD.M/lOa, respectively, in each plots. 'Ihese results clearly showed that seeding date has a close influence on the level of organic reserves and forage yield, and that the possibility of continuous utilization on the before and alter wintering is extremely limited by seeding date.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

In this paper, we're compared network protocol which is network lifetime longer when using LEACH Protocol, SEP, and TEEN in a heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network with a Large Sensor Area. Also, we propose a method of divided layer the wide-area sensor filed and transmitting a multi-hop to improve the network lifetime. And we're compared network protocol which is network lifetime more improved apply the proposed method to LEACH Protocol, SEP, and TEEN. We tried to compare results, TEEN showed the best network lifetime. Apply the proposed method to divided the sensor field, L-TEEN (Layered TEEN)'s network lifetime rates of improvement is highest.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.397-400
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• 2006

The objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of seeding and transplanting date on yield and quality of rapeseed experiment were conducted in the research field of Chungcheongnam Do(Taejun) Agricultural Research and Extension Services with Yudal, one of the rapeseed cultivar of different growth characteristics among the six treatments were examined and recorded. Results showed that yield components such as plant height, length of ear and pod, number of branches and pods and percentage of pod setting and seed set were highest at the plot with direct seeding in Sep. 10. In this treatment yield of seed, 1,000 grains weight and weight of $1{\ell}$ were highest. On the basis of vegetative and yield parameter of direct seeding in Sep. 10 was the best sowing date of rapeseed crop in Chungcheongnam Do region of Korea. Experiments were conducted in the research field of Chungcheongnam Do(Taejun) Agricultural Research and Extension Services with Yudal variety, which showed different growth characteristics. Yield components such as plant height, length of ear and pod, number of branches and pods and percentage of pod setting and seed set were highest at the plot with direct seeding in Sep. 10. Yield of seed, 1,000 grains weight and weight of $1{\ell}$ were highest at the direct seeding in Sep. 10. Judging from the results reported above, seemed to be direct seeding in Sep. 10.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1989

폐흡충증의 진단은 객담검사법이 가장 확실한 진단 방법이기는 하지만 폐흡충이 폐에 기 생한 경우에도 충란 검출이 어려울 때가 있으므로 혈청학적 진단법이 이용되고 있다. 혈청학적 진단법에 사용되는 항원인 기생충 추출물, 즉 조항원은 분류학적으로 유사한 기생충과 서로 공유하고 있는 공통 항원 때문에 교차 반응을 일으키는 경우가 있다. 이 연구는 발육단계 별 폐흡충에서 만든 조항원을 SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)로 전기영동한 다음 EITB(enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot)를 이용하여 항원대별 항원성 및 특이성을 관찰하여 시기별로 채취한 고양이 혈청에 대한 특이 반응대를 관찰해 보고자 시행하였다. 실험에 사용한 항원은 실험적으로 고양이에 감염시켜 3, 5, 8및 12주 만에 얻은 폐흡충의 식염수 추출액 (SEPn; n=감염된 시기)이며 3∼20% linear gradient gel에서 SDS-PAGE하였다. Silver stain결과 폐흡충 조항원은 최소한 30개 이상의 band들로 구성되어 있었는데 각 발육단계 에 공통된 항원대로 203, 63, 35, 21, 19, 13 kDa band들이 관찰되었고, 단계별로 차이점도 관찰 되었다. SEPl2에서는 새로운 229 kDa band가 관찰되었다. 주요 항원대에 대하여 EITB를 한 결과 각 항원과 감염 후 5주 이상 된 혈청과 공통적으로 반응한 항원대는 203, 115, 91, 85, 67, 63, 48, 39, 35 및 25 kDa band들이었고, 8주 이상 된 혈청과의 반응에서는 19, 13및 10 kDa 항원대와 공통적으로 일관성 있게 반응하였다. SEP12는 12주 된 혈청과 229 kDa에서 특이하게 반응하였다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2005

In autumn, to determine the optimal planting date and plant density of rapeseed in southern areas of Korea, Yudal variety for autumn sowing, the highest yielding variety was grown under three different planting dates and five different plant densities. Yield components such as plant height, ear length, number of seedling stand per $m^2$, number of branches and pod length were highest at the plots with Sep. 30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Yield of seed, oil and 1,000 grains weight were highest at the Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum planting date and plant density of rapeseed seemed to be Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20cm plant density in autumn sowing.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2015

The 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) is a selenoprotein residing in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and implicated in quality control of protein folding. Herein, we established an inducible RNAi cell line that targets Sep15 mRNA in Chang liver cells. RNAi-induced Sep15 deficiency led to inhibition of cell proliferation, whereas cell growth was resumed after removal of the knockdown inducer. Sep15-deficient cells were arrested at the G1 phase by upregulating p21 and p27, and these cells were also characterized by ER stress. In addition, Sep15 deficiency led to the relocation of focal adhesions to the periphery of the cell basement and to the decrease of the migratory and invasive ability. All these changes were reversible depending on Sep15 status. Rescuing the knockdown state by expressing a silent mutant Sep15 mRNA that is resistant to siRNA also reversed the phenotypic changes. Our results suggest that SEP15 plays important roles in the regulation of the G1 phase during the cell cycle as well as in cell motility in Chang liver cells, and that this selenoprotein offers a novel functional link between the cell cycle and cell motility.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.422-433
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• 2006

자가 산부식 프라이머는 세포독성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 교정치료를 하는 동안 치주조직에 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 자가 산부식 프라이머가 치주조직에 미치는 영향을 평가해 보고 이를 전통적인 접착법에 사용되는 프라이머와 비교하기 위하여 시행되었다. 시편은 임상에서 브라켓 접착 시 사용하는 Transbond XT Adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA)를 각각 Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer, Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA)과 혼합한 후 광중합하여 제작하였고, Transbond XT Adhesive를 중합한 대조군과 비교하였다. 이를 배양된 HGF-1 (Human eingiva Fibroblast), HaCaT (Human Keratinocyte cell line), RHEK (immorialized Human Epidermal Keratinocyte)에 노출시킨 후 세포의 형태 변화를 관찰하였고, MTT assay를 시행하여 세포독성을 비교, 평가하였다. 실험결과 72시간 후 HGF-1, HaCaT, RHEK를 이용한 실험에서 모든 프라이머의 세포독성이 높게 나타나 세포 돌기의 위축, 세포 형태의 변화, 세포 수의 감소, 세포의 괴사가 관찰되었다. MTT assay 실험 시 HGF-1 을 이용한 실험에서 Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Transbond Plus SEP, Adper Prompt L-Pop의 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났고, HaCaT를 이용한 실험에서 Cleafil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Transbond Plus SEP, Transbond XT Primer 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났으며, RHEK를 이용한 실험에서 Clearfil SE Bond, Transbond XT Primer, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Transbond Plus SEP 순으로 세포독성이 높게 나타났다. 자가 산부식프라이머는 전통적으로 사용되는 프라이머와 마찬가지로 세포독성이 유의하게 높으므로 구강내 사용시 주의가 필요하다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2006

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of fatty acid composition in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil. A total of ninety-three samples of intact seeds were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and reference values for fatty acid composition were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least square regression with internal cross validation (n=63). The equations obtained had low standard errors of cross-validation and moderate $R^2$ (coefficient of determination in calibration). Prediction of an external validation set (n=30) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP (standard error of prediction), $r^2$ (coefficient of determination in prediction) and the ratio of standard deviation (SD) of reference data to SEP. The models developed in this study had relatively higher values (more than 2.0) of SD/SEP(C) for oleic and linoleic acid, having good correlation between reference and NIRS estimate. The results indicated that NIRS, a nondestructive screening method could be used to rapidly determine fatty acid composition in sesame seeds in the breeding programs for high quality sesame oil.