• 치위생과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 분자량 78,000과 9,600의 poly-L-lysine(PLL)이 일차배양된 햄스터의 기관표면 상피세포로부터의 뮤신유리에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 완전히 다 자란 배양세포에 $^3H$-glucosamine을 함유하는 완전 배양액을 첨가하고 24시간 배양함으로써 배양세포 중의 뮤신에 대사적 방사선 표지를 완결한 후 다양한 농도의 PLL을 30분간 처리하고, 유리되는 방사성 뮤신의 함량을 측정하였다. PLL에 의한 세포독성 발현여부를 검증하기 위하여 PLL 처리 후 배양세포로부터 유리되어 배양액 중에 존재하는 Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH)의 활성을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, PLL은 분자량 78,000 및 9,600의 두 물질 공히 용량 의존적으로 뮤신유리를 억제하였다. 그러나 세포독성의 지표인 LDH 유리에 대한 영향은 PLL 9,600의 경우에는 유의성이 없었으나, PLL 78,000의 경우에는 현저한 유리 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 PLL의 경우, 분자량이 10,000 이하의 범위에서 세포독성을 발현하지 않으면서도 뮤신유리를 특이적으로 억제할 가능성을 제시하고 있으며, 동시에 PLL이 기도점액 과다분비 현상을 연구함에 있어서 유용한 실험수단으로 이용될 가능성도 제시하고 있는 것이다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

자색고구마 추출물의 항산화 효과와 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 PC12 신경세포에 대한 보호효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 자색고구마 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 44.25 mg/g, monomeric anthocyanin 함량은 2,394 mg/L로 나타났다. 자색고구마 추출물의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylben-zthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 소거활성, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) 및 환원력은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide} reduction assay를 이용하여 자색고구마 추출물의 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 세포 생존율이 두드러지게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 산화적 스트레스는 신경세포막 손상 정도를 증가시키기 때문에 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay와 neutral red uptake assay를 이용하여 세포막 손상 보호효과를 조사한 결과 자색고구마 추출물 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 세포막 손상 보호효과가 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 따라서 자색고구마 추출물은 천연 항산화 소재 및 알츠하이머성 치매와 같은 신경퇴행성 질환의 예방 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2020

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of pneumonia in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using chest radiographs to identify the characteristics of those with initially negative chest radiographs, who were positive for pneumonia on follow-up. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort data of 236 COVID-19 patients were reviewed. Chest radiography was performed on admission, with serial radiographs obtained until discharge. The 'positive conversion group' was defined as patients whose initial chest radiographs were negative but were positive for pneumonia during follow-up. Patients with initially positive chest radiographs were defined as the 'initial pneumonia group.' Patients with negative initial and follow-up chest radiographs were defined as the 'non-pneumonia group.' Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between groups, and predictors of positive conversion were investigated. Results: Among 236 patients, 108 (45.8%) were in the non-pneumonia group, 69 (29.2%) were in the initial pneumonia group, and 59 (25%) were in the positive conversion group. The patients in the 'initial pneumonia group' and 'positive conversion group' were older, had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and lower absolute lymphocyte counts than those in the 'non-pneumonia group' (all p < 0.001). Among patients with negative initial chest radiographs, age ≥ 45 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76-8.75, p = 0.001), absolute lymphocyte count < 1500 cells/μL (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.03-4.89, p = 0.041), and CRP > 0.5 mg/dL (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.54-9.91, p = 0.004) were independent predictors for future development of pneumonia. Conclusion: More than a half of COVID-19 patients initially had normal chest radiographs; however, elderly patients (≥ 45 years of age) with abnormal laboratory findings (elevated CRP and low absolute lymphocyte counts) developed pneumonia on follow-up radiographs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2012

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.199-199
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• 1998

In this study, the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on ischemia/reperfusion injury were investigated on retrograded aortic perfusion model. Hearts from Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH 7.4, 37) on a Langendorff apparatus. After equilibration, hearts were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid 10, 20, 40 and 800 M or vehicle (0.04% DMSO) for 10 min before the onset of ischemia. Following 25 min of global ischemia, ischemic hearts were reperfused and allowed to recover for 30 min. The physiological (i.e. heart rate, left ventricular diastolic pressure, coronary flow and time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) endpoints were evaluated. In vehicle group, time to contracture formation (TTC) value was 19.5 min during ischemia, LVDP was 20.8 mmHg at the endpoint of reperfusion and LDH activity in reperfusate was 59.7 U/L. Cardioprotective effects of UDCA following ischemia/reperfusion consisted of a reduced TTC (EC$\_$25/ = 16.10 M), reduced LDH release and enhanced recovery of contractile function during reperfusion. Especially, the treatments of UDCA 80 M remarkably increased LVDP (68.1 mmHg) and reduced LDH release (33.2 U/L). Our findings suggest that UDCA ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage, in agreement with physiological and biochemical parameters.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.669-673
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• 1991

Fructose-l, 6-diphosphate as an additive to cold crystalloid cardioplegia [St. Thomas sol.] was studied prospectively in 60 patients undergoing open heart surgery from January 1, 1991, to June 30, 1991. Thirty patients received cardioplegia with FDP[group I ] and 30 patients received cardioplegia without FDP [group II ]. There were no differences between two groups pre-operatively with regard to age, heart disease, cross-clamp time, cardiac enzymes, or hemodynamic measurements [p>0.05]. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established using ascending aorta and vena cava cannulation employing moderate systemic hypothermia [30oC nasopharyngeal temperature] and hemodilution All patients received cardioplegia through the aortic root at aortic root pressure of 80mm Hg. The composition of the cardioplegic solution and its delivery were identical in both groups except for the addition of FDP[1.5 mg/mL] in group I. The cardioplegic infusate consisted of St. Thomas Hospital solution. The initial dose was infused through the aortic root. Topical myocardial cooling with saline slush was employed in all patients. Recorded operative data were cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times, amount of cardioplegic infusate. Blood samples for assessment of lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase [CK] and transaminases [GOT, GPT] were obtained before and at 1,2,3,7th postoperative period. Better myocardial protection effect was noted in group I than group II with respect to the % change of cardiac enzymes, although the differences were not significant. We conclude that FDP is a safe additive to crystalloid cardioplegia and may be beneficial in open heart surgery patients.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on the change of blood biochemical components in the rat spinal cord injury(SCI) damaged by the 6-hydroxydopamine. Methods : SCI model rats were damaged in L1-L2 injected with 6-hydroxydopamine. The thirty Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into normal group, control group and electroacupuncture group. Experimental groups were applied as electroacupuncture(Es-160, ITO, Japan) for 15minutes during the low frequency(2 Hz) stimulation to zusanli. The enzyme concentration levels analysis of the hematological changes were measured of Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase(GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase(GPT), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and motor function recovery change was evaluated by the rota-rod test. Results : This study were as follow : The concentration of GOT, LDH in experimental group was lower than control group(p<.05). The experimental group showed increase of motor function recovery more in compared to control group(p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that electroacupuncture to zusanli point have an effect on functional recovery after the 6-hydroxydopamine induced SCI in rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2012

Purpose: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of neonatal mortality, as this brain injury disrupts normal mitochondrial respiratory activity. Carnitine plays an essential role in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and modulates excess acyl coenzyme A levels. In this study, we investigated whether treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with L-carnitine was able to prevent neurotoxicity resulting from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods: Cortical neurons were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. L-Carnitine was applied to cultures just prior to OGD and subsequent reoxygenation. The numbers of cells that stained with acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) were counted, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay were performed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (1 ${\mu}M$, 10 ${\mu}M$, and 100 ${\mu}M$) on OGD-induced neurotoxicity. Results: Treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with L-carnitine significantly reduced cell necrosis and prevented apoptosis after OGD. L-Carnitine application significantly reduced the number of cells that died, as assessed by the PI/AO ratio, and also reduced ROS release in the OGD groups treated with 10 ${\mu}M$ and 100 ${\mu}M$ of L-carnitine compared with the untreated OGD group (P<0.05). The application of L-carnitine at 100 ${\mu}M$ significantly decreased cytotoxicity, LDH release, and inhibited apoptosis compared to the untreated OGD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: L-Carnitine has neuroprotective benefits against OGD in rat primary cortical neurons in vitro.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.497-508
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of 'Donganme' (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) against oxidative stress under in vitro conditions and in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. The radical scavenging activities were observed using the substrates 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals. The Donganme extract had an •OH radical scavenging activity of 82.66% at a concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. Additionally, when DPPH was used as the substrate, the Donganme extract exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 28.56 ㎍·mL^-1. Furthermore, treating C6 glial cells with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduced the cell viability and generated reactive of oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to the normal levels, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress. However, Donganme extracts increased the cell viability and inhibited ROS and LDH production against oxidative stress by H₂O₂ in the C6 glial cells. In particular, it showed effective cell protection with the cell viability, ROS production, and LDH release at 83.50, 88.06, and 14.87%, respectively, which were lower than the control or similar to the normal levels even at a low concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. The present study suggests that the Donganme extract was effective in protecting against oxidative stress in C6 glial cells through its antioxidant activity. Thus, Donganme could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases due to oxidative stress.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

To clarify the oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. (CM) flower extract on the cultured neuroglial cells (C6 glioma) damaged by ROS, cell adhesion effect was measured by colorimetric assay after cultured C6 glioma cells were treated with various concentrations of glucose oxidase (GO) for 5 hours. For the antioxidative effect of CM flower extract, cell adhesion activity (CAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed against GO-induced cytotoxicity on same cultures. In this study, GO remarkably decreased CAA dose-dependently, and the $XTT_{90}$ and $XTT_{50}$ values were measured at 15 mU/mL and 50 mU/mL following the treatment of C6 glioma cells with 5~60 mU/mL of GO. The CM flower extract significantly increased cell adhesion activity damaged by GO-induced cytotoxicity, and it also showed the SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity. From these results, it is suggested that GO was cytotoxic on cultured C6 glioma cells, and CM flower extract showed antioxidative effects as shown by the increased CAA, SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity on GO-induced cytotoxicity on the same cultures.