• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

The cutoff frequency of a LC output filter for Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVR) limits the control bandwidth of a DVR system while it attenuates the inverter switching ripples. For a selected cutoff frequency of a LC output filter, infinite number of L-C combinations is possible. Although different L-C combination has different filter characteristics, the filter design on L-C combination has been depended on field experiences without clear analysis. This paper proposes a design criterion and design examples for the L-C filter combination considering the control characteristics and the size of DVRs. An experimental DVR system based on the proposed LC output filter design methodology is built and tested.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.118-121
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• 2004

The cutoff frequency of a LC output filter for Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVR) limits the control bandwidth of a DVR system and the attenuation factor against the inverter switching ripples. For a selected cutoff frequency of a LC output filter, infinite number of L-C combinations is possible. Although different L-C combination has different filter characteristics, the filter design on L-C combination has been depended on field experiences without clear analysis. This paper proposes a design criterion and design examples for the L-C filter combination considering the control characteristics and the size of DVRs. An experimental DVR system based on the proposed LC output filter design methodology is built and tested.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2023

Objectives: Cucumis sativus L. (C. sativus) is vegetable commonly used for managing blood pressure and often consumed in combination with standard antihypertensive therapy, despite lack of scientific evidence supporting their use. Combination of herbs and standard medication could have positive or negative effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of C. sativus and the combined effect with losartan in the hypertensive rat model induced by angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that, upon binding to its receptor, constricts blood vessels leading to elevation of blood pressure. Methods: In an antihypertensive study, rats received C. sativus orally at doses of 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg/kg (full dose); while in a combination study, animals received losartan 2.25 mg/kg combined by either with C. sativus 9 or 18 mg/kg. The standards group received losartan 2.25 mg/kg or 4.5 mg/kg (full dose). Results: Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. C. sativus significantly attenuated angiotensin II-induced hypertension as observed in groups receiving C. sativus at 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg/kg at 30 minutes after induction showed the average change (Δ) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with respect to time zero were 28.8/18.3, 24.8/15.8, 22.8/15.5, and 11.5/9.0 mmHg, respectively. Whereas the average change (Δ) of SBP and DBP in the rats receiving the combination of half doses of C. sativus and losartan were 8.8/9.0 mmHg, respectively. These diminished effects were better than a full dose of C. sativus and comparable with a full dose of losartan (6.5/7.8 mmHg). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that C. sativus dose-dependently blocks blood pressure elevation induced by angiotensin II. The combination of half dose of C. sativus and losartan has an additive effect in lowering blood pressure.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.621-628
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• 2015

The rapid growth of network technology makes the high-tech weapon. Thus, in the modern war, the ability to immediately use of the high-tech weapon is important. To realize this ability, continuous trainning is necessary but, this trainning spends many money. To improve the budget efficiency, Modeling and Simulation(M&S) are used. However, they seriously decrease the reality. Recently, the system which can support the combination of Live with Virtual simulation is on the rise. The typical example is L-V-C Environment and many kind of middleware which can support the L-V-C Envrionment are already proposed. Previous middleware can support the interoperability between different simulations but, it cannot completely interoperate three(Live, Virtual, Constructive) simulation environments. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose the scheme which is combination between different middlewares. And we conduct the API mapping between HLA and DDS which are typical middleware and verify the scheme.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2018

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hot water ($43-53^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$; $47^{\circ}C{\cdot}2-6min^{-1}$), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $50-300nL\;L^{-1}$ and a combination of hot water ($47/49^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$) and phosphite $40%\;P_2O_5+20%\;K_2O$;$40%\;P_2O_5+10%\;Zn$) in anthracnose control and the effect on fruit quality [fresh weight loss (FWL-%); pH, total soluble solids ($TSS-^{\circ}Brix$), and titratable acidity (TA = % citric acid (CA)] of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ) at the postharvest stage. When the fruits were in the stage of 0% dehydration and fully yellow peels, they were disinfested and inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They were then subjected to the above mentioned treatments; this was followed by incubation for 120 h. The diameter of the disease lesions was monitored daily. After the incubation, a physico-chemical analysis was performed. Hot-water treatment resulted in disease reduction at 47 and $49^{\circ}C$ for 4 and 5 min. The combination of hot-water treatment at $47^{\circ}C$ (4 or 5 min) and application of the phosphite of K or Zn significantly reduced disease severity in fruits. The 1-MCP treatment reduced anthracnose severity in passion fruit mainly at $200nL\;L^{-1}{\cdot} 24h^{-1} $. None of the treatments significantly changed the physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit [FWL (2.6-4.1%); pH (3.2-3.5), TSS ($8.9-10.9^{\circ}Brix$), and TA (1.8-2.5% CA)].

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.5 s.81
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• pp.410-416
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• 2004

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate applicability of precoat filtration that can be substituted for rapid sand filter of conventional water treatment system(CWTS). Precoat filter used in this experiment are candle filter. Element disk of candle are pore size $10{\mu}m(R),\;20{\mu}m(B)$ And diatomaceous earth are cake pore size $3.5{\mu}m$(Standard Super- Cel; A), $7{\mu}m$(Hyflo Super-Cel; B) and $17{\mu}m$(Celite 545RV; C). $2kg/m^2$ diatomaceous earth is used for precoating, it coated candle in $5{\sim}6mm$ thickness. 1. Al adsorption dosages by diatomaceous earth used in experimental we Hyflo Super-Cel 0.843mg/g, Standard Super-Cel 0.782 mg/g and Celite 545RV 0.766 mg/g. 2. Filtrate of precoat filter during 60min are R-C combination 20.7($m^3/m^2$)>B-C 18.3($m^3/m^2$)>B-B 15.0($m^3/m^2$)> R-B 12.9($m^3/m^2$)> R-A 11,093($l/m^2$). 3. Water quality of precoat filter effluent are thus. $KMnO_4$ consumption are $1.10{\sim}2.20mg/l$, removal rate are $30.9{\sim}65.6\%$. They are R-A 1.10(mg/l)(removal rate $65.6\%$). R-C(2.20 mg/l)(removal rate $30.9\%$). 4. $Al^{3+}$ are not detected with all combination, removal rate $100\%$. 5. Considering water quality and flux, continued running time of R-A combination is 7 hr. Accumulated filtrate are $74.4 m^3/m^2$, average flux is $177.2 l/m^2{\cdot}min$. And filtrate per diatomaceous earth 1g are 37.2 l. 6. R-A effluent's water quality are $KMnO_4$ Consumption 1.10(mg/l), DOC 1.161 mg/1, Al 0.0 mg/1, $UV_{254}$ 0.016/cm, Turbidity 0.1(NTU). R-A combination is suitable to precoat filtration for the settling basin effluent treatment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

When L. monocytogenes ($10^{5}CFU/mL$) at exponential phase cells were heated for 5 min at $65^{\circ}C$ in the presence of the bacteriocin (30 BU/mL) produced by E. faecium MJ-14, the number of viable cells was markedly reduced at p < 0.05. The bactericidal effect of bacteriocin showed synergism with combination ot organic acids (citric acid or acetic acid) or chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate). For example, the number of viable cells was reduced by 4.8 log units under combination of the bacteriocin (30 BU/mL) and sodium nitrate ($100{\mu}g/mL$), while it was reduced by 1.1 log unit only under single treatment of the bacteriocin after 12 k at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of the bacteriocin (300 BU/mL) into skim milk inoculated with L. monocytogenes ($10^{5}$CFU/mL) reduced the cells by 1.5 log unit, in case of the cell suspension stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Moreover, L. monocytogenes was reduced by 2 log unit when stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days in gound pork added with 300 BU/mL of 린e bacteriocin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.905-912
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• 2019

Bioethanol has attracted much attention in recent decades as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source. In this study, we compared the production of bioethanol by Candida molischiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different initial concentrations of cellobiose and glucose. The results showed that C. molischiana can utilize both glucose and cellobiose, whereas S. cerevisiae can only utilize glucose. The ethanol yields were 43-51% from different initial concentrations of carbon source. In addition, different concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) were directly converted to ethanol by a combination of Trichoderma reesei and two yeasts. Cellulose was first hydrolyzed by a fully enzymatic saccharification process using T. reesei cellulases, and the reducing sugars and glucose produced during the process were further used as carbon source for bioethanol production by C. molischiana or S. cerevisiae. Sequential culture of T. reesei and two yeasts revealed that C. molischiana was more efficient for bioconversion of sugars to ethanol than S. cerevisiae. When 20 g/l Avicel was used as a carbon source, the maximum reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol yields were 42%, 26%, and 20%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol were 10.9, 8.57, and 5.95 g/l, respectively, at 120 h by the combination of T. reesei and C. molischiana from 50 g/l Avicel.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.364-374
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• 2011

Lactobacillus brevis DK25 isolated from Dongchimi was identified by physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Bacteriocin of L. brevis DK25 exhibits inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes when using agar well diffusion method. Maximal production of bacteriocin was reached in the beginning of the stationary phase, and inhibitory activity declined after the late stationary phase. This result suggested that bacteriocin was produced in a growth-associated manner. Complete inactivation of bacteriocin activity was observed after treatment with protease, but the activity was stable between pH 4-9 and heat resistant (30 min at $100^{\circ}C$). Bacteriocin showed a concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes KCTC 3569. Moreover, the application experiment showed that combination of bacteriocin (320 AU/ml) with potassium benzoate (0.05%) could significantly reduce the counts of L. monocytogenes KCTC 3569 in mayonnaise during storage at 4 or $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Thus, bacteriocin from L. brevis DK25 may be used for hurdle technology by combination with potassium benzoate in order to increase pathogenic bacteria inactivation in food processing and food safety control.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 1999

A chemosensitivity assay with small replicate Mm5mt/cl C3H mammary tumor cell cultures was developed to determine whether changes in viral antigen expression and release into culture fluids could be utilized as an in vitro measure of modulating drug effect. The 52,000 MW viral envelope glycoprotein (gp52) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) was measured in culture fluids of control and drug-treated cultures while cell density was simultaneously determined by cell staining and OD 664 nm determination. While extra-cellular gp52 levels and cell density progressively increased over 72 hours for control cultures, declines in both parameters provided dual measures of effect for combination [N(phophonacetyl-L-aspartic acid)+5-fluorouracil], combination 〔N(phophonacetyl-L-aspartic acid )+5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine〕and single component treatment of this combination. At each treated time point, thesecombinations begin to produce a greater decline in both cell density and gp52 levels as compared to single drug treatments. These results indicate that N(phopho-nacetyl-L-aspartic acid) in combination can enhance the effectiveness of single drug.