• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.667-671
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• 2016

Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6-8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Despite the enforcement of SSM control laws such as 'the Law of Developing the Distribution Industry (LDDI)' and 'the Law of Promoting Mutual Cooperation between Large and Small/medium Enterprises (LPMC)' stipulating the business adjustment system, the number of super-supermarkets (SSMs) has ever been expanding in Korea. In France, however, Super Centers are being regulated most strongly and directly in the whole Europe viewing that there is not a single SSM in Paris, which is emphasized to be the outcome from French government's regulation exerted on the opening of large scale retail stores. In France, the authority to approve store opening is deeply centralized and the store opening regulation is a socio-economic regulation driven by economic laws whereas EU strongly regulates the distribution industry. To control the French distribution industry, such seven laws and regulations as Commission départementale d'urbanisme commercial guidelines (CDLIC) (1969), the Royer Law (1973), the Doubin Law (1990), the Sapin Law (1993), the Raffarin Law (1996), solidarite et renouvellement urbains (SRU) (2000), and Loi de modernisation de l'économie (LME) (2009) have been promulgated one by one since the amendment of the Fontanet guidelines, through which commercial adjustment laws and regulations have been complemented and reinforced while regulatory measures have been taken. Even in the course of forming such strong regulatory laws, InterMarche, the largest supermarket chain in France, has been in existence as a global enterprise specialized in retail distribution with over 4,000 stores in Europe. InterMarche's business can be divided largely into two segments of food and non-food. As a supermarket chain, InterMarche's food segment has 2,300 stores in Europe and as a hard-discounter store chain in France, Netto has 420 stores. Restaumarch is a chain of traditional family restaurants and the steak house restaurant chain of Poivre Rouge has 4 restaurants currently. In addition, there are others like Ecomarche which is a supermarket chain for small and medium cities. In the non-food segment, the DIY and gardening chain of Bricomarche has a total of 620 stores in Europe. And the car-related chain of Roady has a total of 158 stores in Europe. There is the clothing chain of Veti as well. In view of InterMarche's management strategies, since its distribution strategy is to sell goods at cheap prices, buying goods cheap only is not enough. In other words, in order to sell goods cheap, it is all important to buy goods cheap, manage them cheap, systemize them cheap, and transport them cheap. In quality assurance, InterMarche has guaranteed the purchase safety for consumers by providing its own private brand products. InterMarche has 90 private brands of its own, thus being the retailer with the largest number of distributor brands in France. In view of its IT service strategy, InterMarche is utilizing a high performance IT system so as to obtainas much of the market information as possible and also to find out the best locations for opening stores. In its global expansion strategy of international alliance, InterMarche has established the ALDIS group together with the distribution enterprises of both Spain and Germany in order to expand its food purchase, whereas in the non-food segment, it has established the ARENA group in alliance with 11 international distribution enterprises. Such strategies of InterMarche have been intended to find out the consumer needs for both price and quality of goods and to secure the purchase and supply networks which are closely localized. It is necessary to cope promptly with the constantly changing circumstances through being unified with relevant regions and by providing diversified customer services as well. In view of the InterMarche's positive policy for promoting local partnerships as well as the assistance for enhancing the local economic structure, implications are existing for those retail distributors of our country.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2004

이공심폐기를 사용하지 않는 관상동맥 우회술에서 출혈로부터 수술시야를 확보하기 위해 사용하는 고유량의 가스 통기는 관상동맥 내피세포에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 가스 통기가 유량에 따라서 관상동맥 내피세포에 다른 영향을 미치는가를 규명하고, 가습의 추가가 관상동맥 내피세포에 보호효과를 나타내는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 돼지(n=9)를 이용하여 정중흉골 절개 후 좌전하 관상동맥을 노출한 후 4개의 분절로 나누어, 심박동 상태에서 각각의 관상동맥 분절에 절개를 가한 후, 가장 원위부 분절은 가스통기 없이 10분간 노출하였고(대조군), 다음 원위부 분절은 가습 없이 5 L/min의 유량으로(I군), 중앙 분절은 가습하면서 5 L/min의 유량으로 (II군), 근위부 분절은 가습하면서 10 L/min의 유량으로(III군) 각각 10분간 절개부위에 이산화탄소를 통기하였다. 관상동맥 분절들을 적출 후 내피세포층의 손상 정도를 평가하기 위해 hematoxyline-eosin 염색, 특수염색인 탄력섬유 염색, CD34 monoclonal antibody를 이용한 면역염색 등을 시행하고 전자현미경을 통하여 관상동맥 내막의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 결과: I, II, III군 모두에서 내탄력판은 손상없이 온전하였으나 관상동맥 내피세포층은 모두에서 유의한 손상이 관찰되었다. 내피세포의 평균 잔존비율은 각각 I군이 20.9$\pm$16.7%, II군이 39.3$\pm$19.6%, III군이 6.8$\pm$5.3%로, II군이 다른 군들에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며(p=0.008), I군은 III군보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 이산화탄소 가스 통기로 인한 관상동맥 손상의 정도는 주로 통기 가스의 유량에 달려있으며, 10 L/min 이상의 고유량의 이산화탄소 가스 통기 시에는 가습을 하더라도 관상동맥 내피세포층의 보호효과를 기대하기 힘들다고 할 수 있다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2018

경상분지 남동부 일대의 백악기 및 제3기 암류에서 발달하는 단층분절에 대한 분포특성을 도출하였다. 선형을 보이는 267조의 단층분절은 광역 지질도 상에서 표시된 곡선의 단층선에서 추출하였다. 첫째, 단층분절에 대한 방향각(${\theta}$)-길이(L)의 도면을 작성하였다. 관계도에서 단층분절의 전반적인 분포형태를 도출하였다. 도면의 분포곡선은 전체 형태에 따라서 4개의 구간으로 구분하였다. 상기 구간의 정점에 해당하는 북북동, 북북서 및 서북서의 방향은 양산, 울산 및 가음 단층계의 방향을 시사한다. 단층분절의 집단은 최대 정점에 해당하는 $N19^{\circ}E$의 방향에 대하여 거의 대칭 분포를 보여 준다. 둘째, 방향각-빈도수(N), 평균 길이(Lm), 총 길이(Lt) 및 밀도(${\rho}$)의 도면을 작성하였다. 관계도에서 상기한 도면의 전 영역을 분포곡선의 분포상에 의하여 19개의 영역으로 구분하였다. 상기한 영역의 정점에 해당하는 방향은 암체에 가해진 대표적인 응력의 방향을 시사한다. 셋째, 18개의 부집단에 대한 길이-누적 빈도수 그래프를 작성하였다. 관계도에서 지수(${\lambda}$)는 시계방향($N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E{\rightarrow}N50{\sim}60^{\circ}E$)과 반시계방향($N10{\sim}20^{\circ}W{\rightarrow}N50{\sim}60^{\circ}W$)으로 갈수록 증가한다. 반면 길이의 분포 폭 및 평균 길이는 감소한다. 서로 다른 진화 특성을 갖는 상기한 부집단에 대한 도면은 진화과정의 한 단면을 나타내고 있다. 넷째, 18개의 그래프에 대한 종합 분포도를 작성하였다. 관계도에서 상기한 그래프를 분포 구역에 따라 5개의 그룹(A~E)으로 분류하였다. 단층분절의 길이는 그룹 E ($N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E{\cdot}N70{\sim}80^{\circ}E{\cdot}N80{\sim}90^{\circ}W{\cdot}N50{\sim}60^{\circ}W{\cdot}N30{\sim}40^{\circ}W{\cdot}N40{\sim}50^{\circ}W$) < D ($N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W{\cdot}N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W{\cdot}N60{\sim}70^{\circ}E{\cdot}N50{\sim}60^{\circ}E{\cdot}N40{\sim}50^{\circ}E{\cdot}N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$) < C ($N20{\sim}30^{\circ}W{\cdot}N10{\sim}20^{\circ}W$) < B ($N0{\sim}10^{\circ}E{\cdot}N30{\sim}40^{\circ}E$) < A ($N20{\sim}30^{\circ}E{\cdot}N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E$)의 순으로 증가한다. 특히 그래프의 형태는 균등 분포에서 지수 분포로 점차 변화한다. 마지막으로, 단층분절의 길이에 대한 여섯 개 변수의 값을 5개 그룹으로 구분하였다. 여섯 개 변수 중, 평균 길이 및 가장 긴 단층분절의 길이는 그룹 III ($N10^{\circ}W{\sim}N20^{\circ}E$) > IV ($N20{\sim}60^{\circ}E$) > II ($N10{\sim}60^{\circ}W$) > I ($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}W$) > V ($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}E$)의 순으로 감소한다. 그룹 V에 속하는 단층분절의 빈도수, 최장 길이, 총 길이, 평균 길이 및 밀도가 가장 낮은 값을 보여 준다. 5개 그룹 사이의 상기 배열순은 단층분절의 상대적인 생성시기와의 상관성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

Objective : To evaluate the potential effects of risedronate (RIS) which shows a higher anti-resorptive effect among bisphosphonates, after a posterolateral lumbar intertransverse process spinal fusion using both autograft and allograft in a rat model. Methods : A totoal of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 2 study groups. A posterolateral lumbar intertransverse process spinal fusion was peformed using both autograft and allograft in a rat model. Group I (control) received 0.1 mL of steril saline (placebo) and Group II (treatment) received risedronate, equivalent to human dose (10 ${\mu}g$/kg/week) for 10-weeks period. Results : The fusion rates as determined by manual palpation were 69% in the group I and 46% in the group II (p = 0.251). According to radiographic score, the spinal segment was considered to be fused radiographically in 7 (53%) of the 13 controls and 9 (69%) of the 13 rats treated with RIS (p = 0.851). The mean histological scores were 5.69 ${\pm}$ 0.13 and 3.84 ${\pm}$ 0.43 for the control and treatment groups, respectively. There was a significant difference between the both groups (p = 0.001). The mean bone density of the fusion masses was 86.9 ${\pm}$ 2.34 in the control group and 106.0 ${\pm}$ 3.54 in the RIS treatment group. There was a statistical difference in mean bone densities of the fusion masses comparing the two groups (p=0.001). Conclusion : In this study, risedronate appears to delay bone fusion in a rat model. This occurs as a result of uncoupling the balanced osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity inherent to bone healing. These findings suggest that a discontinuation of risedronate postoperatively during acute fusion period may be warranted.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 2014

Objectives: An image processing program for asbestos fibers analyzing the gradient components and partial linearity was developed in order to accurately segment fibers. The objectives were to increase the accuracy of counting through the formulation of the size and shape of fibers and to guarantee robust fiber detection in noisy backgrounds. Methods: We utilized samples mixed with sand and sepiolite, which has a similar structure to asbestos. Sample concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%(w/w) were prepared. The sand used was homogenized after being sieved to less than $180{\mu}m$. Airborne samples were collected on MCE filters by utilizing a personal pump with 2 L/min flow rate for 30 minutes. We used the NIOSH 7400 method for pre-treating and counting the fibers on the filters. The results of the NIOSH 7400 method were compared with those of the image processing program. Results: The performance of the developed algorithm, when compared with the target images acquired by PCM, showed that the detection rate was on average 88.67%. The main causes of non-detection were missing fibers with a low degree of contrast and overlapping of faint and thin fibers. Also, some duplicate countings occurred for fibers with breaks in the middle due to overlapping particles. Conclusions: An image detection algorithm that could increase the accuracy of fiber counting was developed by considering the direction of the edge to extract images of fibers. It showed comparable results to PCM analysis and could be used to count fibers through real-time tracking by modeling a branch point to graph. This algorithm can be utilized to measure the concentrations of asbestos in real-time if a suitable optical design is developed.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2011

Bolus intravenous injection of adenosine resulted the temporal decrease of systemic blood pressure and heart rate in the anesthetized rats. Adenosine also resulted the persistent decrease of contractility and heart rate in the isolated spontaneously beating rat right atria. Both of the above inhibition effets of adenosine were increased by the pretreatment of NBI (nitrobenzylthioinosine), whitch is an adenosine transport inhibitor, but decreased by the pretreatment of 8- phenyltheophy1line, which is an adenosine antagonist. In isolated thoracic aorta ring segment of normotensive rats, intact rings were relaxed by adenosine ($42.3{\pm}8.7%$) and ATP ($85.9{\pm}15.8%$) in the concentration of $10^{-4}M$, but rubbed rings were relaxed by adenosine ($35.2{\pm}1.9%$) and ATP ($11.3{\pm}9.0%$) in $10^{-4}M$. After pretreatment of L-NAME (N-Nitro-Larginine methyl ester), which is an NO inhibitor, adenosine-induced relaxation was not affected, but ATP-induced relax ation was significantly inhibited (P<0.01). Meanwhile, adenosine resulted almost same as vasorelaxation in isolated thoracic aorta of SHR comparing to those of normotensive rats. But, vasodilation responses of ATP in intact rings of SHR are significantly inhibited comparing to those of normotensive rats. Adenosine-induced relaxation is attenuated after 8-phenyltheophylline pretreatment, but increased after NBI pretreatment. However, ATP-induced relaxations are not affected by 8-phenyltheophylline or NBI pretreatment. These results suggested that the hypotensive effects of adenosine was due to the decrease of contractile force and heart rate through the A1 receptor and vasodilation are mediated by A2 receptor of the vascular smooth muscle. And, the heart protective and vasodilation effects of adenosine might suggest that it would be useful in the acute treatment of coronary artery disease.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1998

Aerenchyma development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots is quite important for adaptation to waterlogged or reduced soil conditions. Anatomical observations were carried out to clarify the development of schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma in elongating crown roots of rice. The crown roots of 3rd and 4th phytomer were taken from rice plants of the 8th leaf stage grown by hydroponic culture. The schizogenous intercellular spaces in the cortex of crown root tip were observed using a light microscope with semi ultra-thin sections and the lysigenous aerenchyma in mature tissue of crown root were observed using a cryo scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) with freezing fracture method. The schizogenous intercellular spaces in the root tip exist obviously in the middle portion of cortical cell layers close to the root-root cap junction, but not in root cap, stele and outer cell layers of cortex. The air spaces were formed at the junction of four neighbouring cells of inner cortex in the transverse sections, and between longitudinal cell layer connected along the root axis. Although many of those spaces were filled with liquid, some spaces seem to exist as air spaces. The lysigenous aerenchyma in the cortex, which hardly filled with liquid, emerged at 3-4 cm segment from the root tip and increased toward the basal region of root axis. The developing process of lysigenous aerenchyma was primarily separation of a radial row of cells caused by the shrinking and collapsing of cortical cells and then formation of septa along the radial cell rows by the fusion of cell wall with each other. These results suggest that the schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma playa role as a passage for the movement of oxygen into the root tip region where oxygen is required for respiration.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2007

Single-copy chloroplast loci are used widely to infer phylogenetic relationship at different taxonomic levels among various groups of plants. To test the utility of chloroplast loci and to provide additional data applicable to hybrid evolution in Musa, we sequenced two introns, rpl16 and ndhA, and two intergenic spacers, psaA-ycf3 and petA-psbJ-psbL-psbF and combined these data. Using these four regions, Musa acuminata Cola(A)- and M. balbisiana Colla (B)-containing genomes were clearly distinguished. Some triploid interspecific hybrids contain A-type chloroplasts (the AAB/ABB) while others contain B-type chloroplasts (the BBA/BBB). The chloroplasts of all cultivars in 'Namwa' (BBA) group came from the same wild maternal origin, but the specific parents are still unrevealed. Though, average sequence divergences in each region were little (less than 2%), we propose that petA-psbJ intergenic spacer could be developed for diversity assessment within each genome. This segment contains three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two indels which could distinguish diversity within A genome whereas this same region also contains one SNP and an indel which could categorize B genome. However, an inverted repeat region which could form hairpin structure was detected in this spacer and thus was omitted from the analyses due to their incongruence to other regions. Until thoroughly identified in other members of Musaceae and Zingiberales clade, utility of this inverted repeat as phylogenetic marker in these taxa are cautioned.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2004

Silkworms sex determination drew high attention from researchers. Sex chromosomes on the silkworm are of ZW type for females and ZZ type for males. Chromosome W plays an important role in sex determination. Although several molecular linkage maps have been constructed for silkworm, very few markers are discovered on the W chromosome. In order to look for molecular markers and to further locate the Fern gene on chromosome W, we used genomic DNA from both female and male larvae of a silkworm strain named 937 as PCR templates for RAPD amplification with 200 arbitrary 10-mer primers. The amplification results showed three female-specific bands, namely ${OPG-07_496}, {OPC-15_1,660} and {OPE-18_1,279}$. Further verification, however, revealed no band from OPG-07 and OPC-15 in either sex in the strain 798, but OPE-18 provided female-specific band in the strains Suluan7 and C108, and absent in both males and strain 798. This indicates that the bands from ${OPG-07_496} and {OPC-15_1,660}$ are probably female-specific in strain 937, and the band from OPE-18 was probably amplified from a common segment shared by most strains. The genomic DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 have high identities with the retrotransposable elements, and DNA from OPC-15 contains a portion of sequence which probably encodes an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (eIF4EBP).