Effect of Humidified High Flow CO2 Gas Insufflation on the Coronary Endothelium

가습화한 고유량의 이산화탄소가스 통기가 관상동맥 내피세포층에 미치는 영향

  • 최재성 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김준성 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 서정욱 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김기봉 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2004.02.01

Abstract

High-flow gas insufflation to get a bloodless field during off-pump coronary artery bypass may have adverse effects on the coronary endothelium. This study was designed (1) to elucidate the effect of carbon dioxide gas insufflations on the coronary endothelium at different flow rates and (2) to assess the protective effect of humidifcation against the coronary endothelial damage. Material and Method: In nine pigs, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was exposed after a median sternotomy. The LAD was divided into 4 segments and a coronary arteriotomy was made in each LAD segment in the beating heart. The far distal arteriotomy was exposed to room air for 10 minutes and was harvested as a control. Non-humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 5 L/min (Group I), humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 5 L/min (Group II), and humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 10 L/min (Group III) were insufflated for 10 minutes on each coronary arteriotomy site, respectively. After harvesting the coronary segments, hematoxylin-eosin staining, elastic fiber staining, and immunostaining with a CD34 monoclonal antibody were performed to evaluate the depth of endothelial damage and to count the residual endothelial cells, Result: In all three groups (Group I, II, and III), internal elastic laminae were preserved, however, the endothelial layers were significantly damaged by carbon dioxide gas insufflation. The mean percentages of remaining endothelial cells were 20,9$\pm$16.7%, 39.3$\pm$19.6%, and 6.8$\pm$5.3%, in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The percentages of remaining cells were significantly higher in group II than in groups I and III (p=0.008). The percentages of remaining cells were significantly higher in group I than in group III (p=0.008). Conclusions: The harmful effect of carbon dioxide gas insufflation on the coronary endothelium was dependent on the flow rate. The addition of humidification did not protect the coronary endothelium from denudation injury caused by high flow carbon dioxide gas insufflations.

이공심폐기를 사용하지 않는 관상동맥 우회술에서 출혈로부터 수술시야를 확보하기 위해 사용하는 고유량의 가스 통기는 관상동맥 내피세포에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 가스 통기가 유량에 따라서 관상동맥 내피세포에 다른 영향을 미치는가를 규명하고, 가습의 추가가 관상동맥 내피세포에 보호효과를 나타내는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 돼지(n=9)를 이용하여 정중흉골 절개 후 좌전하 관상동맥을 노출한 후 4개의 분절로 나누어, 심박동 상태에서 각각의 관상동맥 분절에 절개를 가한 후, 가장 원위부 분절은 가스통기 없이 10분간 노출하였고(대조군), 다음 원위부 분절은 가습 없이 5 L/min의 유량으로(I군), 중앙 분절은 가습하면서 5 L/min의 유량으로 (II군), 근위부 분절은 가습하면서 10 L/min의 유량으로(III군) 각각 10분간 절개부위에 이산화탄소를 통기하였다. 관상동맥 분절들을 적출 후 내피세포층의 손상 정도를 평가하기 위해 hematoxyline-eosin 염색, 특수염색인 탄력섬유 염색, CD34 monoclonal antibody를 이용한 면역염색 등을 시행하고 전자현미경을 통하여 관상동맥 내막의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 결과: I, II, III군 모두에서 내탄력판은 손상없이 온전하였으나 관상동맥 내피세포층은 모두에서 유의한 손상이 관찰되었다. 내피세포의 평균 잔존비율은 각각 I군이 20.9$\pm$16.7%, II군이 39.3$\pm$19.6%, III군이 6.8$\pm$5.3%로, II군이 다른 군들에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며(p=0.008), I군은 III군보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 이산화탄소 가스 통기로 인한 관상동맥 손상의 정도는 주로 통기 가스의 유량에 달려있으며, 10 L/min 이상의 고유량의 이산화탄소 가스 통기 시에는 가습을 하더라도 관상동맥 내피세포층의 보호효과를 기대하기 힘들다고 할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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