• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

Modern radar system requires high spectral purity and low phase noise characteristics for very low RCS target detection and high resolution SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image. This paper presents a new X-band high stable frequency synthesizer for high performance radar system, which combines DAS (Direct Analog Synthesizer) and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) techniques, in order to cope with very low phase noise and high frequency agility requirements. This synthesizer offers more than 10% operating bandwidth in X-band frequency and fast agile time lower than 1 usec. Also, the phase noise at 10kHz offset is lower than -136dBc/Hz, which shows an improvement of more than 10dB compared to the current state of art frequency synthesizer. This architecture can be applied to L-band and C-band application as well. This frequency synthesizer is able to used in modern AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar system and high resolution SAR application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.9
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose and analyze a concatenated coding scheme for DS/CDMA systems in asynchronous channels. In the concatenated coding, bandwidth efficient $2^{2L-2}$-state ${\frac{L}{L+1}}$-rate 2-MTCM with biorthogonal signal constellation is used for the inner code, and $(2^{L-1},\;{\lceil}\frac{2^{L-1}}{L/2}{\rceil})$ RS code is use for the outer code. It is shown that we can get considerable performance gain over the uncoded system without sacrificing the data transmission rate. The proposed system can be used as a coding scheme for reliable and high speed integrated information services of mobile communication systems.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

This study was conducted to measure tea surface colors using the visible bands ($400{\sim}700$ nm) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The surface colors of 117 tea products were measured with a colorimeter. The $a^*/b^*$ (CIE color scale) or a/b (Hunter color scale) ratios in different tea products accounted for about 99.7% of the variation in fermentation degree (FD), indicating that the $a^*/b^*$ (a/b) ratio is a very useful trait for assessing fermentation degree. Also tea powders were scanned in the visible bands used with NIRS. Calibration equations for surface colors and fermentation degree were developed using the regression method of modified partial least-squares (MPLS) with internal cross validation. The equations had low SECV (standard errors of cross-validation), and high $R^2$ (coefficient of determination in calibration) values with $0.779{\sim}0.999$, indicating that the whole bands ($400{\sim}2500\;nm$) with NIRS could be used to rapidly measure traits related to surface color, fermentation degree and other chemical components in tea products with high precision and ease at a time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

This paper presents a wideband ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ fractional-N frequency synthesizer for a multi-band single chip CMOS RFIC transceivers. A wideband VCO utilizes a 6-bit switched capacitor array bank for 2340~3940 MHz frequency range. VCO frequency calibration circuit is designed for optimal capacitor bank code selection before phase locking process. It finishes the calibration process in $2{\mu}s$ over the whole frequency band. The LO generation block has selectable multiple division ratios of ${\div}2$, ${\div}16$, and ${\div}32$ to generate LO I/Q signals for T-DMB/DAB/FM Radio systems in L-Band (1173~1973 MHz), VHF-III (147~246 MHz), VFH-II (74~123 MHz), respectively. The measured integrated phase noise is quite low as it is lower than 0.8 degree RMS over the whole frequency band. Total locking time of the ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ frequency synthesizer including VCO frequency calibration time is less than $50{\mu}s$. The wideband ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ fractional-N frequency synthesizer is fabricated in $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS technology, and it consumes 15.8 mA from 1.2 V DC supply.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.711-719
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• 2011

A study of miniaturization of an L-band orthomode transducer(OMT) for field experiments of radar backscatter is presented in this paper. The proposed OMT is not required the additional waveguide taper structures to connect with a standard adaptor by the newly designed junction structure which bases on a waveguide taper. Total length of the OMT for L-band is about 1.2 ${\lambda}_o$(310 mm) and it's a size of 60 % of the existing OMTs. And, to increase the matching and isolation performances of each polarization, two conducting posts are inserted. The bandwidth of 420 MHz and the isolation level of about 40 dB are measured in the operating frequency. The L-band scatterometer consisting of the manufactured OMT, a horn-antenna and network analyzer(Agilent 8753E) was used STCT and 2DTST to analysis the measurement accuracy of radar backscatter. The full-polarimetric RCSs of test-target, 55 cm trihedral corner reflector, measured by the calibrated scatterometer have errors of -0.2 dB and 0.25 dB for vv-/hh-polarization, respectively. The effective isolation level is about 35.8 dB in the operating frequency. Then, the horn-antenna used to measure has the length of 300 mm, the aperture size of $450{\times}450\;mm^2$, and HPBWs of $29.5^{\circ}$ and $36.5^{\circ}$ on the principle E-/H-planes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2007

현재 다양한 종류의 RF 통신 제품이 시장에 등장하면서 제품의 경쟁력 확보에 있어 소형화 정도가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. Passive Device는 RF Circuit을 제작할 때 많은 면적을 차지하고 있으며 이를 감소시키기 위해 여러 연구가 진행되고 있다. 가장 효과적인 방법으로 반도체 집적기술로 크기를 줄이는 방법이 있으나, 공정이 비싸고 제작 시간이 오래 걸려 제품개발 시간과 개발비용이 상승하게 된다. 반면에 SoP-L 공정은 PCB 제작에 이용되는 일반적인 재료와 공정을 사용하므로 개발 비용과 시간을 줄일 수 있다. SoP-L의 또 하나 장점은 다종 재료를 다층으로 구성할 수 있다는 점이다. 최근 chip-type의 Device를 PCB 기판 안에 내장하는 방법의 RF Circuit 소형화 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SoP-L 공정으로 chip-type 수동소자를 PCB 기판 내에 함몰하여 수동소자회로를 구현, 분석하여 보았다. 수동소자회로는 880 MHz~960 MHz(GSM) 영역과 1.71 GHz~1.88 GHz(DCS) 영역을 나누는 Diplexer를 구성하였다. 1005 size의 chip 6개로 구현한 Diplexer를 표면실장과 함몰공정으로 제작하고 Network Analyzer로 측정하여 비교하였다. chip 표면실장으로 구현된 Diplexer는 GSM에서 최대 0.86 dB의 loss, DCS에서 최대 0.68 dB의 loss가 나타났다. 표면실장과 비교하였을 때 함몰공정의 Diplexer는 GSM 대역에서 약 0.5 dB의 추가 loss가 나타났으며 목표대역에서 0.6 GHz정도 내려갔다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 두 공정 간 차이점을 확인하고, 함몰공정으로 chip-type 수동소자를 사용하였을 때 고려해야 할 점을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 SoP-L 함몰공정의 안정성을 높여서 이것을 이용한 회로의 소형화에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다. 특히 능동소자의 DC Power Control에서 고용량의 수동소자를 이용할 때 집적도를 높일 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.10 s.89
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• pp.938-943
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a T-shaped DGS for CPW and provide the closed-form solutions for power loss rate, and bandwidth of the DGS. The proposed T-shaped DGS structure has a range of capacitance(C) 5.5 times wider than the dumbbell-shaped DGS structure. In addition we also analyze relations between R, L, C values of the DGS equivalent circuit and total loss rate, BW, $\omega_0$ of the DGS.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.344-351
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• 2016

In the present study, a dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna covering WLAN frequency bands of 2.4 GHz (2.4 ~ 2.484 GHz) and 5 GHz (5.15 ~ 5.825 GHz) is newly presented to avoid use of decoupling structure for increasing isolation. The antenna consists of two L-shaped slots with n-shaped slots etched on the floating ground plane surrounded by open ended L-shaped slots which are placed in the left and right corner of PCB respectively. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on one side of FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3, thickness of 1.6 mm, and size of $50{\times}50mm2$. It has been observed that the measured impedance bandwidths ($S_{11}{\leq}-10dB$) are 0.3 GHz (2.28 ~ 2.58 GHz) in 2.4 GHz frequency band and 0.89 GHz (5.11 ~ 6 GHz) in 5 GHz frequency band respectively. In addition, It has been observed that the whole efficiency are more than 80 % in the whole operating frequency band and envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna is less than 0.05 as a very small value in spite of nothing of the decoupling structure.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The filtering characteristics of planar distributed feedback (DFB) waveguides composed by gratings with different period are solved using equivalent transmission-line network. To analyze explicitly its band-pass and resonance properties, a longitudinal modal transmission-line theory (L-MTLT) based on Floquet's theorem and Babinet's principle is newly developed. The numerical results reveal that this approach offers a simple and analytic algorithm to analyze the filtering characteristics of cascaded DFB structure with different period, and the bandwidth and side-lobe suppression of cascaded DFB filter are sensitively dependent on the variation of aspect ratio and the number of grating at each region.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.245-248
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• 2000

In this paper, we present a high-performance SiGe HBT's RF input impedance parameter extraction method. The SiGe HBT has emitter width of 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and length of 6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. S-parameter has been measured with the collector current of 1~3㎃ using on-wafer RF measuring system . The pre-calculation method was used in order to overcome the local minimum problem. This method enabled us to extract a RF(1~10㎓) input impedance parameter.