• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1510-1518
• /
• 2010

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lighting schedule and nutrient density on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 576 day old Arbor Acre male chickens was used with a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The four lighting schedules were continuous (23 L:1 D, CL), 20 L:4 D (12 L:2 D:8 L:2 D), 16 L:8 D (12 L:3 D:2 L:3 D: 2 L:2 D) and 12 L:12 D (9 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D) and provided by incandescent bulbs. The two nutrient densities were high (H, starter diet: 13.39 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME), 23.00% crude protein (CP); finisher diet: 13.39 MJ AME/kg, 19.70% CP) and low energy and protein level (L, starter diet: 12.03 MJ AME/kg, 20.80% CP; finisher diet: 12.14 MJ AME/kg, 18.30% CP). Houses with dark curtains and solid sidewalls were used. Chickens were randomly allocated to the 8 treatments with each treatment comprising 6 replicates of 12 chickens. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Lighting schedules showed no difference (p>0.05) in growth performance at the end of the experiment. 12 L:12 D significantly reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to 23 L:1 D treatment. Intermittent lighting (IL) schedules produced higher protein content (p<0.001) in breast meat. Birds on high density diets had higher body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) (p<0.001), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) throughout the experiment with the exception of 36 to 42 d. High nutrient density increased (p<0.05) abdominal fat, decreased (p<0.05) the moisture loss of meat, and reduced percentage of wings and legs. There was a significant lighting schedule${\times}$diet interaction (p<0.001) on FCR for days 8 to 14 and 15 to 21. Results indicated that IL can give similar growth performance in comparison with CL, meanwhile with positive effects on meat quality by increasing protein content and decreasing the concentration of MDA. High nutrient density resulted in greater growth performance.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.269-278
• /
• 2008

Let ${\partial}D$ be the boundary of the open unit disk D in the complex plane and $L^p({\partial}D)$ the class of all complex, Lebesgue measurable function f for which $\{\frac{1}{2\pi}{\int}_{-\pi}^{\pi}{\mid}f(\theta){\mid}^pd\theta\}^{1/p}<{\infty}$. Let P be the orthogonal projection from $L^p({\partial}D)$ onto ${\cap}_{n<0}$ ker $a_n$. For $f{\in}L^1({\partial}D)$, ${\hat{f}}(z)=\frac{1}{2\pi}{\int}_{-\pi}^{\pi}P_r(t-\theta)f(\theta)d{\theta}$ is the harmonic extension of f. Let ${\hat{P}}$ be the composition of P with the harmonic extension. In this paper, we will show that if $1, then ${\hat{P}}:L^p({\partial}D){\rightarrow}H^p(D)$ is bounded. In particular, we will show that ${\hat{P}}$ is unbounded on $L^{\infty}({\partial}D)$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2017

Korean goral (Neamorhedus caudatus) is registered as a natural monument number 217 by South Korea Cultural Heritage Administration. It is also recognized as the endangered species I by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In this study, blood samples of Korean goral were collected to make reference intervals. Blood sampling was conducted on 19 numbers of Korean gorals (ten females, nine males), which were reared in Korean Goral Restoration Center. For total samples, the reference intervals of hematological parameters were: white blood cell $7.69{\sim}10.87K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hematocrit 36.73~46.18%; red blood cell $10.72{\sim}12.86K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hemoglobin 12.79~15.14 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 33.15~36.75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11.53~12.23 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32.64-35.91 g/dL and red blood cell distribution width 39.2~43.46%. For total samples of each parameters, the following results were obtained for serum biochemistry: glucose 111.81~153.77 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen 22.35~28.91 mg/dL; creatine 1.22~1.84 mg/dL; phosphate 4.57~6 mg/dL; calcium 8.7~9.1 mg/dL; total protein 6.53~6.92 g/dL; albumin 3.1~3.48 g/dL; globulin 3.26~3.62 g/dL; alanine aminotransferase 56.7~158.56 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 230.35~473.06 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 178.06~332.47 U/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 131.6-~181.24 U/L; total bilirubin 1.47~2.12 mg/dL; cholesterol 46.48~71.52 mg/dL; amylase 16.3~26.03 U/L; sodium 150.43~153.88 mmol/L; potassium 3.98~4.6 mmol/L and chlorine 109.48~113.26 mmol/L. The ranges of values were similar campared to previous studies except in the case of RDW value, which showed higher range than the RDW value of a previous study. The reference intervals from this study will be useful data for treatment and management of gorals.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.367-379
• /
• 2009

For a prime number p, let $\mathbb{Q}_p$ denote the p-adic field and let $\mathbb{Q}_p^d$ denote a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}_p$ which consists of all d-tuples of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. For a function f ${\in}L_{loc}^1(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)$, we define the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function of f on $\mathbb{Q}_p^d$ by $$M_pf(x)=sup\frac{1}{\gamma{\in}\mathbb{Z}|B_{\gamma}(x)|H}{\int}_{B\gamma(x)}|f(y)|dy$$, where |E|$_H$ denotes the Haar measure of a measurable subset E of $\mathbb{Q}_p^d$ and $B_\gamma(x)$ denotes the p-adic ball with center x ${\in}\;\mathbb{Q}_p^d$ and radius $p^\gamma$. If 1 < q $\leq\;\infty$, then we prove that $M_p$ is a bounded operator of $L^q(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)$ into $L^q(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)$; moreover, $M_p$ is of weak type (1, 1) on $L^1(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)$, that is to say, |{$x{\in}\mathbb{Q}_p^d:|M_pf(x)|$>$\lambda$}|$_H{\leq}\frac{p^d}{\lambda}||f||_{L^1(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)},\;\lambda$ > 0 for any f ${\in}L^1(\mathbb{Q}_p^d)$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 2005

Commercial kimchi and sauerkraut were analyzed for their D- and L-lactic acid contents. Ranges of D- and L-lactic acid contents in commercial kimchi were 17-57 (38.51 mean) and 25-87 (64.47 mean) mM, respectively. Ratio of D-lactic acid on L-lactic acid (D/L) was 0.50-0.80 (0.60 mean). Ranges of D- and L-lactic acid contents in commercial sauerkraut were 68.96-103.62 (88.97 mean) and 74.46-82.26 (78.91 mean) mM, respectively, with D/L of 0.90-1.26 (1.13 mean). Results reveal kimchi and sauerkraut contained a significant amount of D-lactic acid, with sauerkraut showing a higher content than kimchi, while L-lactic acid contents were not significantly different.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2003

The collapsibility of sodium silicate-bonded sands mixed with the L.D converter slag powder to form a hardener were investigated. Five to six percent sodium silicate on the basis of silica sand and 30-40% L.D converter slag powder on the basis of sodium silicate, were mixed and the compressive strength, surface stability index(SSI), bench time, retained strength of the standard sand specimens were measured. The properties were similar to those of general inorganic bonded self-setting molds. The compressive strength and surface stability index were increased and the retained strength and bench time were decreased with increased amount of the L.D converter slag powder. The retained strength of sodium silicate-bonded self-setting molds with the L.D converter slag powder were decreased than $CO_2$ sand molds. The collapsibility of sodium silicate-bonded self-setting molds with the L.D converter slag powder were superior in comparison with $CO_2$ sand molds. The L.D converter slag powder could be used as hardener and collapse agent for the sodium silicate-bonded self-setting molds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.313-316
• /
• 1993

The structures of dioscin(1) and saponin P-d(2), isolated from the subterranean part of Allium fistulosum, were determined as diosgenin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow2)-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow4)]-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (1, ) and diosgenin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow4)-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1longrightarrow4)［$\alpha$-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1longrightarrow2)]-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (2) by spectroscopic and chemical degradational methods. The prosa-pogenin(4), which was provided on partial hydrolysis of 2, was not reported in previous literature.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2006

Residual pesticides discharged from diffuse sources at agricultural area in association with suspended solid will be settled at downstream, and may degrade surface water quality. This research studied dechlorination kinetic of atrazine, one of triazine-category herbicide, using zero-valent iron (ZVI) in sediment. It can be observed from the experiments that buffer capacity of sediment helped pH maintained beutral, resulted in continuous dechlorination. Sediments were spiked with atrazine at 10, 30, and 50 mg atrazine/L of total sediment for batch experiments. Dechlorination constants were $1.38x10^{-1}/d$ for the initial concentration of 10 mg/L, $1.29x10^{-l}/d$ for 30 mg/L, and $7.43x10^{-2}/d$ for 50 mg/L while dechlorination constants of initial concentration of 50 mg/L without ZVI adding were estimated as $3.05x10^{-2}/d. Half lifes atrazine by ZVI were estimated as 5.03 d fur 10 mg/L, 5.38 d for 30 mg/L, and 9.33 d for 50 mg/L, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2001

Purpose: $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO is a radiopharmaceutical for imaging cerebral blood flow. HMPAO (RR, SS)-4.8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecan-2,10- dione bisoxime) has three stereoismers such as, meso-. d-, and l-HMPAO. Techentium complexes of meso-HMPAO and d,l-HMPAO are known to have different in vivo brain uptakes. In this study, enantiomers of HMPAO (d-HMPAO and l-HMPAO) were separated from d,l-HMPAO. These enantiomers were labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ and the biodistribution studies were performed in mice. Materials and Methods: An intermediate imine product was produced from 2,3-butanedione monooxime and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (54% yield) and was reduced into a mixture of three isomers (35% yield). The meso-isomer was separated from d,l-mixture by repeated fractional crystallization (11 % yield). The d- and l-enantiomers were subsequently separated by co-crystallization with optical isomers of tartaric acid (25% and 5% yield. respectively). Each enantiomeric HMPAO was labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by reacting with $SnCI_2{\cdot}2H_2O\;and\;^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate. Biodistribution study was performed 1 hr after tail vein injection to ICR mice. Results: Radiochemical purities of each compound were over 80%. In biodistribution study. the brain uptakes of d,l- d- and l-form were 1.34, 1.12 and 1.67% ID/g, respectively. In case of l-lsomer the brain uptake was higher (1.5 fold) than d-isomer. Conclusion: We successfully purified each enantiomeric HMPAO. In biodistribution study of stereoismers of $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO in mice, l-HMPAO may show better brain image than d,l-HMPAO which was supplied in a commercial kit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from the tissue culture using immature embryos in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Immature embryos from seeds were removed under the microscope and placed on MS, $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ medium containing several plant growth regulators. While the calli were well formed on media containing 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D, 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D and 0.7 mg/l of TDZ, shoot regeneration was better on MS medium with combinations of high concentrations of TDZ and low concentrations of 2, 4-D. Treatment of 2, 4-D alone was better than treatment of TDZ alone in callus induction, but plant regeneration was reversed. The results of callus formation and shoot regeneration on $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ media were similar to those of MS media. The rate of callus formation was nearly 100% when 2, 4-D was added to $B_5$, medium on concentration of 2 mg/l or 0.7 mg/l. TDZ showed very significant effect on the formation of multiple shoots.