• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) related stigma, shame and intent to have HPV test among adult women. Methods: Data were collected from December 1, 2009 to January 31, 2010, and participants were 324 women who visited an obstetric gynecologic clinic. They anticipated testing positive for HPV. Then HPV related stigma, shame, intent to have HPV testing and HPV knowledge were measured. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multivariate adjusted logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The levels of stigma and shame were higher than average. Intent to have HPV test was high and HPV knowledge was low. Women who answered that HPV is not sexually transmitted had lower HPV stigma than did women who answered they didn't know (OR=0.20, 95%CI 0.06-0.68). Women with lower stigma showed lower intent to have HPV test than women with higher stigma (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.26-0.82). Conclusion: Basic HPV information should be fully understood for women especially prior to HPV test. Normalizing HPV stigma is necessary for women who perceive HPV as sexually transmitted and women intending to have HPV test.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2004

An ecological study on a sea urchin population, Strongylocentrotus nudus, a key role species in recovery of macroalgal bed, was conducted in Hosan, Samcheok area on the east coast of Korea. Three experimental plots, namely, AMB (artificially-restored macroalgal bed), BG (barren grounds) and NMB (natural macroalgal bed) were established after a pilot survey in June 2002. Distribution and abundance, grazing rates, predation pressure and predator guilds on S. nudus were estimated in three plots bimonthly from Aug. to Dec., 2002. Abundance of S. nudus was lowest, but median test diameter of the urchin was highest (Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value, p<0.001 in Aug. and p=0.003 in Oct.) in NMB In-situ grazing rate of S. nudus estimated by enclosure cage experiment in NMB was about 12 times higher in Aug. (160.0 mg seaweed/g sea urchin/day) than in Oct. (13.8). Predation intensity measured by tethering experiment was higher in NMB. Most of the predators on S. nudus were invertebrates and no fish predators were found. Predator guilds identified by the fish trap experiment using live or dead sea urchins included who]ks Neptunea arthritica, starfish Asterina pectinifera, hermit crabs Pagurus of. samuelis, Paguristes barbatus, brown shawl crabs Atergatis integerrimus and crabs Actaea subglobosa. High predation pressure on S. nudus in natural macroalgal beds was the likely cause of its low density. Elevated sea urchin density and the consequent lasting deforestation of macroalgae in barren grounds demonstrate the importance of predation pressure on sea urchins.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2015

Purpose: Predicting life expectancy of terminally ill cancer patients is very important. In many studies, ferritin is detected at higher levels in the sera of cancer patients, and higher ferritin level correlates with aggressiveness of disease and poor outcomes of patients. This study evaluated a prognostic role of serum ferritin levels in terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: This study enrolled 65 terminally ill cancer patients from March through June 2012. We assessed routine laboratory findings including serum ferritin levels as well as demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. To examine the association between serum ferritin levels and patient's characteristics, we used Spearman's correlation analysis, Wilcoxon's rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriately. For multivariate analysis, Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate significance of serum ferritin levels as a prognostic factor. Results: A negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and survival time was found. After adjusting for sex, age, performance status, creatinine levels and white blood cell counts, serum ferritin levels were significantly associated with survival time. Conclusion: Even at the very end of life of terminal cancer patients, serum ferritin levels were an independent prognostic factor for survival.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.410-419
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• 2016

This study examined the satisfaction difference in the aspects of awareness, information quality, and availability in healthcare applications according to smartphone user's characteristics. Data collection was conducted between September 17th and September 21st 2014 on the 193 people who had used healthcare applications, and the data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS WIN 20.0. Differences in satisfaction of healthcare application were observed according to the general characteristics, and according to age, education level, and income, as well as for healthcare application use characteristics, according to operation system, total use period, the number of installed healthcare applications, the sources of main information, use frequency, and reasons of no use. To establish strategies for the effective spread of mobile healthcare and development and distribution of healthcare applications, it will be necessary to confirm smartphone users' characteristics and it is important to reflect them in the strategies. In addition, it is necessary to develop and implement a range of strategies to ceaselessly induce the users' motives of use and to improve their degree of satisfaction to secure the constant use of developed health care applications.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among sexual attitudes, autonomy, and harassment experience and to find out how each factor affects the sexual attitudes of college students. The subjects were 236 college students in D city. The data were collected from September 3 - 8, in 2015 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. For data analysis, a Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results are as follows. First, the average scores of sexual attitude, sexual autonomy, and sexual harassment experience were 4.01, 1.95, and 0.95 points, respectively. Second, the individual characteristics in sexual attitude were significantly different in gender (U=2124.50, p=0.000) and department (U=5741.00, p=0.026), sexual autonomy were considerably different in gender (U=2529.50, p=0.001) and satisfaction with personal relationships ($X^2=9.46$, p=0.009), and sexual harassment experience were significantly different in the department (U=5604.00, p=0.007). Third, a positive relationship was observed between the sexual attitudes and sexual autonomy (r=0.517, p<0.01). Sexual autonomy was found to influence the sexual attitudes (${\beta}=0.46$, p<.001). These results highlight the need to develop sex education programs in various situations for college students and that sex education should be implemented constantly.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2018

Purpose: Patients who treated implant immediate loading within a week after implant placement at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Implant Center were evaluated marginal bone resorption. These retrospective analyses are intended to reinforce the clinical evidence for the implant immediate loading. Materials and methods: Medical history and radiographic data were investigated, which were the patients' who treated implant immediate loading and restoration with provisional prostheses between January 2005 and June 2016, at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Implant Center. Total number of implants was 70, marginal bone resorption was measured according to implant length, diameter and connection type. To measure marginal bone resorption, periapical radiographs were taken when the implants were placed and after 6 month. Statistical analysis was done in Mann-whitney U test and Kruskal-wallis test with SPSS 22.0 software (P<.05). Results: Mean marginal bone resorption around immediately loaded implants according to implant connection type was shown $1.24{\pm}0.72mm$ in internal hexagon connection type and $1.73{\pm}1.27mm$ in external hexagon connection type. There was no statically significant difference in marginal bone resorption with implant length and diameter. Conclusion: Implants with immediated loading in internal hexagon connection type showed less marginal bone resorption significantly than in external hexagon connection type.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to evaluate marginal and internal discrepancy of 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) fabricated by subtractive manufacturing and additive manufacturing. Materials and methods: 3-unit bridge abutments without the maxillary left second premolar were prepared (reference model) and the reference model scan data was obtained using an intraoral scanner. 3-unit fixed dental prostheses were fabricated in the following three ways: Milled 3-unit FDP (MIL), digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed 3-unit FDP (D3P), stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printed 3-unit FDP (S3P). To evaluate the marginal/internal discrepancy and precision of the prosthesis, scan data were superimposed by the triple-scan protocol and the combinations calculator, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed using root mean square (RMS) value and color difference map in 3D analysis program (Geomagic control X). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05), MannWhitney U test and Bonferroni correction (α=.05/3=.017). Results: The marginal discrepancy of S3P group was superior to MIL and D3P groups, and MIL and D3P groups were similar. The D3P and S3P groups showed better internal discrepancy than the MIL group, and there was no significant difference between the D3P and S3P groups. The precision was excellent in the order of MIL, S3P, and D3P groups. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the 3-unit fixed dental prostheses fabricated by additive manufacturing showed better marginal and internal discrepancy than the those of fabricated by subtractive manufacturing, but the precision was poor.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2008

Statement of problem: There have been many studies about marginal adaptation of Zirconia core fabricated with various CAD/CAM systems. But, the comparative study has not been conducted much. Purpose: This study was to compare marginal adaptations of zirconia cores fabricated with 3 different CAD/CAM systems. Material and methods: The in vitro marginal adaptations of zirconia cores fabricated with 3 different CAD/CAM systems($Adens^{(R)}$ system, $Lava^{(R)}$ system, and $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system) were evaluated and compared. In this study 30 zirconia cores were fabricated(10 zirconia cores per each system). The measurements of the marginal adaptatioin were carried out using microscope $L-150A^{(R)}$(Nikon, Japan). Measurements were recorded at 50 points. The measurements were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Within the limits of this study, the results were as follows. 1. Mean marginal gap values obtained were $284.5{\pm}152.9{\mu}m$ in Adens system, $99.0{\pm}73.0{\mu}m$ in Lava system, and $153.5{\pm}85.7{\mu}m$ in Cerasys system. 2. Zirconia core made by Lava system showed the smallest marginal gap(P<0.05). Conclusion: In the limitation of this study, we concluded that $Lava^{(R)}$ System was superior than other systems($Adens^{(R)}$ system and $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system) in the marginal adaptation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between mobile phone use and visual display terminal syndrome symptom experience in female students from middle school and high school. The convenience sample consisted of 349 female students in four schools. The data were collected from May to June in 2013 using VDTS Subjective Symptom Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data using SPSS 21.0. Almost all (96.3%) female students use mobile phone. Among them, 87.7% of the subjects experienced more than one VDTS symptom and the average score was $.39{\pm}.41$ in VDTS symptom experience. Eye related symptom was most experienced and musculoskeletal symptom was the highest in severity among five subdomain of VDTS symptoms. There were significant differences in VDTS symptom scores in accordance with posture, hours of use, and break type during mobile phone use. These findings suggest that the education program for adolescents would be necessary, and the development of checklist would be useful for adolescents to check themselves.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose is to test and evaluate the physical properties of commonly used temporary restoration materials and newly emerged materials. Materials and Methods: Four groups of polymer materials were evaluated: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2 groups, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polycarbonate. Four physical properties were tested: surface hardness, bending strength, abrasion resistance during wear, wear behavior. The 3-axis bending strength and Vickers hardness test were measured using a universal testing machines respectively. The microstructure was observed with a scanning electron microscope and weight comparison was evaluated after 100,000 chewing tests using a chewing simulator. Kruskal wallis test was performed to evaluate statistical significance. Results: The four groups showed the highest flexural strength and Vickers hardness of PEEK, followed by PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T. Microstructure observation also showed the least surface roughness in the PEEK group, followed by PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T. Conclusion: PC is considered to have sufficient mechanical properties that can be applied to the manufacture of temporary teeth. However, further studies, such as biocompatibility, are considered to be necessary for practical clinical applications.