• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1986

Computer programs for IBM PC/XT/AT or compatibles, are presented for running 9 nonparametric tests. They include sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample and two sample tests, Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests, and Chi square test for contingency table. Each program is written with BASIC language and is combined into a statistical package, 'NONPARA'. It is easily accessible through the menu programs. The alogorithms on which each test is based, are also explained and 3 examples are given.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.180-183
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• 2004

Comparative Statistic Module(CSM) provides more reliable list of significant genes to genomics researchers by offering the commonly selected genes and a method of choice by calculating the rank of each statistical test based on the average ranking of common genes across the five statistical methods, i.e. t-test, Kruskal-Wallis (Wilcoxon signed rank) test, SAM, two sample multiple test, and Empirical Bayesian test. This statistical analysis module is implemented in Perl, and R languages.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study is to compare the differences in levels per group of high school students regarding the self-regulated learning factors for mathematics. For this purpose, a self-regulated learning measurement tool was developed and surveys were conducted. And the statistical analysis was completed using the frequency analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. As a result, it is found that self-efficacy is of statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications but test anxiety does not show statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 2017

Purpose Estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone mainly produced in women and is a useful indicator for diagnosis of gynecological diseases, menstrual cycle, menopause, and precocious puberty. E2 measurement is performed by diluting the $^{125}I$ radioactive tracer and tracer buffer in the kit. However, It was not precisely specified when the period of tracer is available after activating. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dilution time based on the measurement value with dilution time. Materials and Methods From December 2016 to February 2017, 60 E2 samples with concentrations ranging from 8 to 4577 pg/mL were divided into low, medium, and high concentrations. Dilution of the $^{125}I$ tracer was performed on a 230 RPM agitator for 30 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, and 2 hours 30 minutes, respectively. 24 hour dilution was gently shaken and refrigerated. To verify the difference and significance of the results according to the dilution time, a test of normality was performed using SPSS 18.0 and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The measured value according to the dilution time was compared with the interquartile range of the absolute error. Results The results of Kruskal-Wallis test were not significant (P>0.05). Measurement results are showed as interquartile range of absolute error. At low concentration, it is 0.052 between 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours 30 minutes, and 0.105 between 30 minutes and 1 hour 30 minutes. At medium concentration, 0.062 between 30 minutes and 1 hour 30 minutes, and 0.038 between 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours 30 minutes. At high concentration, it is 0.029 between 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours 30 minutes, and 0.06 between 2 hours 30 minutes and 24 hours. Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences. However, the change in the measured value is the smallest between 1 hour and 30 minutes to 2 hours and 30 minutes. Therefore, we recommend diluting time between 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours 30 minutes.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.575-578
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to analyze the regionalization of point rainfall by statistical methods for regional frequency analysis of the rainfall. The rainfall data used in this study are annual maximum rainfall at 57 stations during the period of more than 30 years for 12 durations(10min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24hr) in Korea. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance of nonparametric test the principal component and the cluster analysis have been performed to analyze the regionalization of rainfall. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The region which hydrological homogeneous is accepted does not exist for whole duration in Korea. (2) The result of nonpametric test shows that hydrological homogeneous regions of point rainfall are divided by 5 regions. (3) In case of cluster analysis hydrological homogeneous regions of point rainfall are divided by 6 regions and 4 other areas.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-156
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to secure the desirable parent-adolescent cohesion, to find out the real parent-adolescent cohesion and to investigate the influences of family structure variables on the parent-adolescent cohesion. The data are obtained from a sample of 364 high school students in Seoul by using questionaires. X2-test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and difference of percentages with cross tabulation are used for data analysis. The major findings are as follows : 1) The high parent-adolescent cohesion is found to be desirable. 2) The mother-adolescent cohesion is higher than that of the father-adolescent. 3) The father-son cohesion is influenced by siblings existence, while the mother-son cohesion is influenced by siblings existence and birth order. The father-daughter cohesion is influenced by birth order and difference of age between mother and daughter. However the mother-daughter cohesion is influenced by the presence of the arents and difference of age between mother and daughter. 4) The results discribed in 3) are changed considerably by controlling the open-communication variable.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.645-663
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify a Korean Diagnostic Scale of Multiple Intelligence(MI), which will be an alternative test to avoid problems with former Shearer's MI test and to adopt H. Gardner's suggestions to develop MI assessment. The test is developed 5 types; kindergartner, elementary lower grader, elementary upper grader, middle schooler, high schooler test. A form of test is diversified with 3 types; multiple-choice items for accomplishment, true or false items for ability, and self-reported items with likert scale for interest and ability. According to H. Gardner's suggestions, we have tried to reanalyze key component of MI, analyze an overlapping or hierarchical relationship between intelligences, develop intelligences-fair items, diversify form of item. We have developed a final standardized test through a primary, secondary preliminary-test analysis, and sampled 5,585 students by age, gender, and regional groups. As a result of this sampling test, we can get a norm score and compare individuals with other's score relatively. To verify this test, we analyzed behavior observation, mean, standard deviation, a percentage of correct answers, reliability of each test type, correlation between intelligence scales, Kruskal-Wallis test of mean rank of career choice by intelligences. As a result of correlation analysis between sub-intelligence scales, we can conclude that this MI test is satisfied with intelligence independent assumption. Besides, as non-parametric statistics test(Kruskal-Wallis) of career choice by intelligences, we can identify that MI is related with domain of career choice. This test is not a linguistic and logical-mathematical biased test but a intelligences-fair test. It makes us compare individual's potential with a norm score. Besides, it could be useful as a means of educational prescription or counsel in comparison with ability, interest, and accomplishment of individual. But this test is limited to do factor or correlation analysis between types of sub-test, because items are minimized for a time-constraint and a heavy burden of test receiver. But if it could be tested with increased items by two sessions, further research could be expected to get over this constraints and do a further validation analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 2017

Multiple comparisons are required to confirm whether or not something is significant if the null hypothesis to test whether the difference between more than three treatments is rejected in a one-way layout. There are both parametric multiple comparison method Tukey (1953) and Nonparametric multiple comparison method based on Kruskal-Wallis (1952).This procedure is applied to a mixed sample of all data and then an average ranking is used for each of three or more treatments. In this paper, a new nonparametric multiple comparison procedure based on joint placements for a one-way layout as extension of the joint placements described in Chung and Kim (2007) was proposed. Monte Carlo simulation is also adapted to compare the family wise error rate (FWE) and the power of the proposed method with previous methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.615-627
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• 2014

In this study, nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis is used to classify the types of 230 local governments and the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis are used to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian accidents by region types. With empirical analysis of pedestrian accidents, this study suggests improvements of walking environments reflecting local characteristics. Type 1-A (relatively dominant urban commercial areas), Type 1-B (predominantly urban residence) and Type 2 (rural areas) have been classified using nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis. According to the results, pedestrian accident rate on community roads was more than 60% for all types and incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. In addition, pedestrian accidents of Type 1-B have been found to occur more frequently than Type 2 in intersections and crossings, while the number of roadside casualties for Type 2 was highest.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.252-259
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• 2014

The obligation of web accessibility in public center, education center, medical center and rehabilitation center started from 2009 has plan to adapt it to a corporation and culture and art until 2015 by stages. This study analysed in the aspect of statistics how well the domestic broadcasting system follows web accessibility which was evaluated by six automatic checking guidelines provided in KWA-H 4.3 automatic evaluation device. With Kruskal-Wallis' test result of nonparametric analysis, an item of basic language statement seemed to be highly followed(p=0.041) with broadcasting system> internet newspaper> the daily press> sports newspaper in order. An item of label offering was followed(p=0.015) with sports newspaper> broadcasting system> the daily press> internet newspaper in order.