• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1023-1028
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine whether dietary glutinous barley (GB) affects lipid metabolism in middle-aged rats previously fed a high-fat diet. To induce obesity, 20 male 9-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were raised for 1 month on a diet containing 20%(w/w) lipid. The rats were allocated to 1 of 2 groups of 10 rats each and for the subsequent 2 months were fed an 8%(w/w) lipid diet containing well-milled rice (WMR) or GB powder. Rats fed the GB diet had significantly lower concentrations of plasma triglyceride, plasma total cholesterol, and liver cholesterol than rats fed the WMR diet. Fecal excretions of triglyceride and bile acids were significantly greater for the GB group than for the WMR group. In conclusion, dietary GB has positive effects on lipid metabolism: it decreases plasma cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal excretion of bile acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soyligosaccharides on improvement of diabetes mellitus. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Control and one experimental group were fel AIN-93G diet(mixed diet) and the other experimental group was fed a similar diet containing 5% soyligosaccharides(oligosaccharide diet) for 6 weeks. Experimental groups were divided into two sub-groups after streptozotocin(STZ) injection and fed th mixed diet or the oligosaccharide diet for the next 2 weeks. Followings are final experimental and control groups: MM (mixed dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet). MO(mixed dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowoligosaccharide diet), OM( oligosaccharide dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet), OO(oligosaccharide dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowoligosaccharide diet), C(mixed dietlongrightarrowplacebo injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet). Blood glucose was analyzed at d1, d8 and d12 after streptozotocin injection. At the end of the experimental period, fecal bifidobacteria, plasma insulin, total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol, and leptin concentrations was analyzed, After STZ injection, blood glucose level was significantly elevated in experimental group compared to a control group. Elevated blood glucose level declined faster in OO group compared to the other experimental groups. Meanwhile, insulin concentration decreased in all experimental groups compared to a control group. The number of bifidobacteria was significantly increased in oligosaccharide diet groups after STZ injection (MO and OO) than a mixed diet group(MM). Plasma cholesterol concentration significantly decreased in oligosaccharide diet groups(MO and OO) compared to mixed diet groups (MM and OM) after SZ injection. Plasma triglyceride and liver cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in MO group compared to other experimental groups. Meanwhile, plasma leptin concentration was significantly lower in oligosaccharide diet groups after STZ injection(MO and OO) compared to a control group. The results in this study suggest that the dietary soyoligosaccharides has strong on reduction of reduction of blood glucose and lipid concentrations in streptozotoicin-induced diabetic rats. Thus, the use of soyoligosaccharides at a diet for IDDM patients may help to improve diabetes mellitus symptoms.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1) : 3-13, 2001)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to measure and/or estimate the total antioxidant capacity of the Korean diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eighty-one plant foods that were expected to exhibit rather high antioxidant activities were selected from the Korean diet using the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES V). These foods were categorized into 11 food groups: cereals, potatoes, legumes, nuts, vegetables, kimchies, mushrooms, fruits, fruit juices, sea weeds, and oils. The foods were mixed in the proportions specified in traditional Korean recipes and analyzed. The measured indicators for antioxidant capacities were total phenolics, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). RESULTS: Total phenolics were high in the fruit juices, nuts, vegetables, and fruits; and the average DPPH, ORAC, and TEAC values were high in the vegetables, fruits, fruit juices, and nuts. The correlation coefficient between the content of total phenolics of each food and the in vitro antioxidant capacity was relatively high at 0.851. The intake of total phenolics per capita per day in the Republic of Korea was estimated to be 127 mg. The total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) values, which were obtained from the total antioxidant capacity of each food, taking into account the intake of each food, were 20,763, 54,335, and $876.4{\mu}mol$ of Trolox equivalents using the DPPH, ORAC, and TEAC methods, respectively. The food group that contributed the most to the Korean TDAC was cereals at 39.7%, followed by fruits and vegetables at 27.8% and 13.9%, respectively. The contribution of legumes, nuts, fruit juices, and mushrooms was quite minimal at less than 2% each. CONCLUSIONS: The content of total phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of the Korean diet are significantly correlated and the high contributing food groups are cereals, fruits, and vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mustard leaf diet on the lipid metabolism under chronic alcohol administration. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either AIN-76 diet(control), control with ethanol, AIN-76 diet plus 5% mustard leaf(mustard leaf), or mustard leaf with ethanol lot 30 days. On the 21st day, all of the rats were given an oral dose of ethanol and blood-ethanol concentration were monitored for the next 5 hours. Lipid and enzyme determinations in serum and liver were carried out after 30 days. The results obtained were summarized as following: 1) Supplementing 5% of mustard leaf did not recover the body weight loss due to chronic alcohol administration. 2) There were no significant differences in blood ethanol concentrations among the experimental groups. 3) Mustard leaf diet decreased the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride levels increased due to the chronic alcohol administration, but not HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and liver lipids. 4) Mustard leaf diet decreased ${\gamma}$ -GTP level increased by chronic alcohol administration. Overall, these data suggest that mustard lear can have a recovery function, which was not via ethanol metabolism on the symptoms of alcohol related diseases.(Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 94~102, 1998)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2007

A preliminary diet experiment utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder extract indicated that combining all four elements gave the most effective result. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined diet for weight loss. In this study, Sprague-Dawley, male white rats about 200 g in weight was fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks in order to induce obesity followed by 4 week administration of combined diet to look into the effect of the diet. After a total of 12 weeks of feeding, factors relevant to weight, blood, and lipid metabolism by liver in the body were researched and histologic change was examined with optical microscope. In terms of weight change, both high fat diet group and regular diet group gained weight from high fat diet for 8 weeks compared to normal group. Then, for another 4 weeks, while normal group and high fat diet group kept gaining weight, combined diet group which was provided with high fat diet for 8 weeks, lost weight to the normal group level after 3 week administration of diet. However, after the 4th week of administration, the group weighted significantly less than the normal group and the efficiency of diet also significantly dropped. In the biochemical analysis of blood, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine showed significant increase in high fat diet group and there was no significant difference between diet group and normal group except for GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine. In the biochemical analysis of liver, there was significant increase in LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride of high fat diet group compared to normal group, while there was no significant difference in term of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Compared to normal group, diet group had higher HDL-cholesterol, while total cholesterol dropped significantly. There was no significant difference in terms of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. Besides, in high fat diet group, observation of histologic change in liver and change in ultrastructure showed volume increase of hepatic cell and severe fatty degeneration in hepatic cell around hepatic vein. However in diet group, like normal group, no pathological change was observed in terms of cytoplasm, nucleus and capillary in hepatocyte and the alignment of hepatocyte had regularity thanks to the administration of combined diet. Therefore, combined diet utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder was proven to be an effective measure to prevent and improve obesity as a result of abnormal adipose deposition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1191-1200
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• 1999

This study was designed to determine total lipid and trans fatty acids(tFAs) content of 157 food items commonly consumed in the Korean diet and to prepare the database for the estimation of tFAs intake in Koreans. Total lipid and tFAs content was determined by Bligh and Dyer method and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The content of tFAs in margarines ranged from 0.8% to 25.2%, depending on the manufacturers. In bakery products, cakes contained higher levels of tFAs(0.8~16.9%) than hamburgers(0.8~8.4%) and doughnuts(4.9~10%). The distribution of tFAs in crackers and cookies was wide(0.8~25%), whereas meat and fish products contained 0% to 8.9% of tFAs. Fried chickens had 0% to 14.6% of tFAs and French fries had 5.2% to 18.8% of tFAs. In noodles, nuts, chocolates and fermented fish sauces, tfAs were not detected.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2010

In this study, we compared corn gluten hydrolyzates, BCAAs, and leucine for their effects on body weight reduction in high fat-induced obese rats in order to determine the major active components in the corn gluten hydrolyzates. After obesity was induced for 13 weeks with high fat diet, the overweight-induced SD rats (n = 64) were stratified according to body weight, randomly blocked into eight treatments, and raised for 8 weeks. Four groups were changed to a normal diet and the other groups remained on the high fat diet. Each of the groups within both diets was fed either casein, corn gluten hydrolyzates, leucine, or branched chain amino acids, respectively. Daily food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the corn gluten hydrolyzate groups compared to the other groups, regardless of the high fat diet or normal fat diet. The rats fed the corn gluten hydrolyzates diet had the lowest perirenal fat pad weights whereas muscle weight was significantly increased in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Plasma triglyceride, hepatic total lipid, and total cholesterol contents were significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Other lipid profile measurements were not significantly changed. Plasma triglyceride and hepatic total lipid were also significantly reduced in the BCAA and leucine groups. Leptin levels were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR levels were also significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrozylates groups, regardless of fat level.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.778-789
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOx) supplementation on the reproductive performance, litter performance, total tract digestibility, and blood profile of lactating sows fed corn- wheat-based diet. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated into one of four treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (Basal diet), GO1 (basal diet + 200 U GOx/kg), GO2 (basal diet + 300 U GOx/kg), GO3 (basal diet + 400 U Gox/kg). Dietary GOx supplementation did not affect lactating sow's reproduction performance as well as body weight, backfat thickness, and body condition score during pre and post farrowing, and at weaning (p > 0.05). However, after farrowing to weaning period lactating sow's fed GOx supplement has linearly (p = 0.0196) decreased the bodyweight loss. While, there were no effects (p > 0.05) observed on sows backfat thickness loss, average daily feed intake, and estrus interval among treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of GOx has linearly improved the body weight gain (p = 0.049) and average daily gain (p = 0.040) of suckling piglets. The total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased with the graded level of GOx supplement. Also, a linear effect was observed on the glucose and superoxide dismutase of blood profile with the dietary inclusion of GOx. In summary, our finding indicates that the dietary inclusion of GOx supplement with corn- wheat-based diet had a beneficial effect on the nutrient digestibility and blood profile of lactating sows and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Seunggijoui-tang on the weight of obese rats induced by high fat diet. A series of experiments have been conducted in order to measure the effects of above the body weight, serum and fat cell. The measurements have been performed on; (1) the increasing amount of body weight; (2) the quantity of total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum; (3) the size of the epididymal fat cell and the fat drops area in hepatic lobule. In the SG I (Group fed high fat diet and administered 42.5mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the weight decreased significantly throughout the whole research period. In the SG I & SG II (Group fed high fat diet and administered 85mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I, the serum free fatty acid decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I & SG II, the serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in comparison with control group, but this result showed no efficacy. In the SG I, the epididymal fat cell decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG II, the fat drops area in hepatic lobule of rats decreased significantly in comparison with control group. Based on the above result, it is assumed that the clinical application of Seunggijoui-tang can help the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1993

This study was performed observe the effect of vegetable oil on the liver of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently either for 8 weeks: basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet.,20% coconut oil diet. The total cholesterol, triglyceride level in the liver were showed tendency of increase with increasing of P/S ratios. Bile acid excretion in the fecal increased with increasing of P/S ratios. The value of TBA in the serum and liver were increased in proportion to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The liver fatty acid of coconut-fed group showed larger variation than fatty acid of the cocount oil. The fat chang of sunflower oil diet in the liver showed the largest change.