• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.990-994
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• 2007

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract from the sponge Discodermia calyx collected off the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, led to the isolation of a polyketide, icadamide C (1), along with previously reported theopederin K (3). Structure elucidation was performed by a combination of high resolution mass and 2D-NMR (principally COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and NOESY) spectroscopy. Stereochemistry of compound 1 was determined as 2R*, 3R*, 6R*, 10S*, 11S*, 12R*, 13S*, 15R* and 2'S by NMR data and Marfey analysis. Isolated metabolites displayed potent cytotoxic activity against a small panel of five human solid tumor cell lines with ED50 values of less than 0.1 μg/mL.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Four spiroketal sestertepenoids (1 ~ 4) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona species. Their planar structures were completely determined from a combination of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and also the relative stereochemistry on the chiral centers were established by the ROESY experiment. Compounds 1 ~ 3 were determined as the same planar structures with different stereochemistry on the chiral centers C-11 and C-13. Of these, 1 was identified as a new stereoisomer. Four compounds showed the inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (0.7~2.0 g/ml).

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Four sesterterpenoids were isolated from AMPK activity-guided fraction of marine sponge Sarcotragus species. Their planar structures were determined from combination of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS data, and the configuration at the chiral centers were assigned by comparison with the $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ chemical shifts of the known compounds. Among four compounds, compound 2 was found to be a new sarcotrine derivative. Though not strong, compounds 1-4 moderately showed AMPK activation effect on L6 myoblast cell through Western Blot analysis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

Marine sponges are known to be a source of diverse sterols. In our study on the cytotoxic components of the marine sponge Spirastrella abata, $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}-epidioxy\;{\Delta}^6$ sterols (1-5) and $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}-epidioxy\;{\Delta}^{6,9(11)}$ sterols (6-7) were isolated. The structures were identified based on the analyses of $^1H-NMR,\;^{13)C-NMR$, and MS data. These compounds were assayed for cytotoxicity against 5 human solid tumor cell lines including A549, SK-OV- 3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2016

Rhizopus chinensis cells immobilized on loofah (Luffa cylindrica) sponges were used to produce biodiesel via the transesterification of soybean oil. In whole-cell immobilization, loofah sponge is considered to be a superior alternative to conventional biomass carriers because of its biodegradable and renewable properties. During cell cultivation, Rhizopus chinensis mycelia can spontaneously and firmly adhere to the surface of loofah sponge particles. The optimal conditions for processing 9.65 g soybean oil at 40℃ and 180 rpm using a 3:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio were found to be 8% cell addition and 3-10% water content (depending on the oil's weight). Under optimal conditions, an over 90% methyl ester yield was achieved after the first reaction batch. The operational stability of immobilized Rhizopus chinensis cells was assayed utilizing a 1:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, thus resulting in a 16.5-fold increase in half-life when compared with immobilized cells of the widely studied Rhizopus oryzae. These results suggest that transesterification of vegetable oil using Rhizopus chinensis whole cells immobilized onto loofah sponge is an effective approach for biodiesel production.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

The study produced a functional sponge cake added with 0~20% proportion of excellently functional flaxseed powder aimed at obtaining basic data for the possibility to develop new products through a physiochemical properties assessment and a sensual assessment of the product. The water content was the lowest in the control, at 27.63%, and the 5~20% water content following the increase in added flaxseed powder failed to display a significant difference (p<0.05). The pH of the dough was 6.77~6.44, and displayed a significant difference according to the added amount of flaxseed powder (p<0.05). The specific weight of the dough appeared to be 0.40~0.51, and displayed a significant increase according to the added amount of flaxseed powder. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the sponge cake added with flaxseed powder was 12.8%, and the plot added with flaxseed powder displayed a significantly higher percentage of 22.34~55.57% than the control plot. Crumb color change had increased values for value a and value b, and a significantly decreased L value. Texture significantly increased according to the increase in hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness, while springiness significantly decreased. Sensual assessment displayed a high preference for the 10% flaxseed powder additive plot in all items including appearance, taste, color, flaror, softness, and overall acceptability. The assessment of physiochemical properties and sensuality of the sponge cake added with flaxseed powder revealed that 10% flaxseed powder is suitable as the optimum proportion.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2010

스펀지 케이크 제조시 설탕의 10%에서 40%까지 sorbitol과 maltitol로 대체하여 케이크 반죽의 비중 및 pH와 스펀지 케이크의 제품 특성으로 부피 및 조직감을 측정하였다. 반죽의 1차 비중은 대조구에 비하여 sorbitol과 maltitol을 첨가한 시험구들에서 낮았고, 그 첨가량이 많을수록 낮았다. 2차 비중도 같은 결과로 첨가량이 많을수록 낮아졌고, maltiol보다는 sorbitol에서 더 낮은 결과를 보였다. 반죽의 pH는 대조구에 비하여 sorbitol과 maltitol을 대체하였을 때 높았고, 대체량이 많을수록 높아졌다. 케이크의 부피는 대조구에 비하여 sorbitol과 maltitol을 대체한 시험구에서 크게 나타났다. 대체량이 20%까지는 sorbitol에서 부피가 컸고, 30% 이상에서는 maltitol에서 크게 나타났다. 스펀지 케이크의 조직감으로 경도는 대조구가 가장 높았고, sorbitol과 maltitol을 대체한 시험구에서 낮게 나타났다. Sorbitol과 maltitol의 비교에서는 sorbitol을 첨가한 시험구가 다소 낮은 경도 값을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.595-602
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• 1996

식품 공장에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 살균제인 benzalkonium chloride (BAC)와 sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)의 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313에 대한 살균 효과를 알아보기 위하여 살균제에 균을 직접 현탁시킨 경우 (in vitro)와 sponge에 균을 접종하여 실험한 경우 (in vivo)를 비교하였다. 먼저 $0\~0.1\%$ BAC와 $0\~150ppm$ NaOCl (유효염소량)을 일정 농도로 조절하여 균을 현탁시킨 결과 BAC의 경우는 $0.25\%$ 이상의 농도에서 0.5분 이내에, 그리고 NaOCl은 100ppm에서 2분이내에 살균효과를 나타내었고 그 이상의 농도에서는 30초 이내에 살균효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 sponge $(6.0{\times}4.0{\times}4.0cm)$에 균 배양액 (약 $10^7\;CFU/ml$, tryptic soy broth) 15ml와 위의 2가지 살균제를 각각 일정 시간 처리한 결과 최초 20분 동안 살균효과가 좋았고 그 이후에는 효과가 감소하였다. BAC $0.1\%$ 이상부터 살균효과가 나타나 $0.25\%$의 경우 20분만에 3-log정도의 균수가 감소되었고 NaOCl도 300ppm 이상에서 살균효과가 나타나 800ppm의 경우 20분만에 3-log 정도의 균수가 감소되었다. 이 sponge를 실제 공장에 응용하기 위하여 modeling하여 살균제의 효과를 실험하였다. 즉 15ml의 배양액과 15ml의 살균제 $(0.25\%\;BAC,\;800ppm\;NaOCl)$를 20분 처리시킨후, 200ml의 멸균증류수로 씻은다음 꼰 짜서 TSB 100m1에 넣어 $5\~37^{\circ}C$에서 배양시키면서 균수의 변화를 관찰하였다. 두 살균제 모두 비슷한 양상을 나타내어 $5^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C의 경우는 1일 배양에 1-log정도 증가한다음 지속적으로 증식하였고 나머지의 경우도 온도가 높을수록 증식이 활발하였고 배양 $1\~3$일만에 $10^{9}CFU/ml$ 정도로 증식되었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2007

A new sphingosine (1) was isolated from the MeOH extract of a marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The 1D and 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic analyses were used to establish the planar structure of 1. The stereochemistry of the compound was defined on the basis of modified Mosher's method, comparison of optical rotation and NMR data with those of the reported. Compound 1 was mildly cytotoxic to a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2016

In October 2014, an occurrence of gray mold was observed on young fruits of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) in Sachunmun, Gangneung, South Korea. Symptoms included abundant mycelia growth with gray conidia on young fruits and finally rotting the fruits. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic fruits and its pathogenicity was confirmed. Based on the morphological features and sequence analysis of ITS-5.8S rDNA, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2 genes, the pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers. This is the first report of gray mold caused by B. cinerea on L. cylindrica in Korea.