• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.715-723
• /
• 2000

Background : Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects systemic blood pressure and cardiac function. The development of cardiovascular dysfunction including the changes of systemic blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, suggests that recurrent hypoxia and arousals from sleep may increase a sympathetic nervous system activity. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy has been found to be an effective treatment of OSAS. However, only a few studies have investigated the cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of CPAP therapy. We evaluated influences of nasal CPAP therapy on the cardiovascular system and the sympathetic activity in patients with OSAS. Methods : Thirteen patients with OSAS underwent CPAP therapy and were monitored using polysomnography, blood pressure, heart rate, presence of arrhythmia and the concentration of plasma catecholamines, before and with CPAP therapy. Results: The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significant1y decreased (p<0.01) and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation level was elevated significantly after applying CPAP (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure tended to decrease after CPAP but without statistical significance. Heart rates during sleep were not significantly different after CPAP. However, the frequency and number of types of arrhythmia decreased and sinus bradytachyarrhythmia disappeared after CPAP. Although there was no significant difference in the level of plasma epinephrine concentration, plasma norepinephrine concentration significantly decreased after CPAP (p<0.05). Conclusion : CPAP therapy decreased the apnea-hypopnea index, hypoxic episodes and plasma norepinephrine concentration. In addition, it decreased the incidence of arrhythmia and tended to decrease the systemic blood pressure. These results indicate that CPAP may play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with OSAS.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.61 no.5
• /
• pp.456-462
• /
• 2006

Background: Differential diagnosis is very important in patients with pleural effusions. A few studies on the etiologies of massive pleural effusions have been reported, but these were conducted in different decades and locations. In the present study, the etiologic spectrum of massive pleural effusions in Korea, were evaluated through an investigation at one university hospital. Methods: Retrospective chart reviews were performed in patients having undergone thoracentesis between July 2002 and July 2005. Pleural effusions were deemed to be massive if they occurred in two thirds or more of one hemithorax. The etiologies of massive pleural effusions, pleural fluid findings, serum laboratory findings, and sputum and pleural fluid cytologies were compared. Results: Of 298 pleural effusions cases, 41 (13.8%) had massive pleural effusions. The most frequent causes of massive pleural effusions were malignancy (19; 46.3%) followed by tuberculosis (15; 36.6%), parapneumonic effusion (4; 9.8%) and transudate (3; 7.3%). Compared with massive benign effusions, patients with massive malignant pleural effusions were more likely to have lower adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, a higher amylase level and higher RBC count in their pleural fluids. Also, compared with non-tuberculosis effusions, patients with massive tuberculous pleural effusions were more likely to have lower RBC and neutrophil counts, but a higher lymphocyte count, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and protein level. Conclusion: The most common etiologies of massive pleural effusions in Korea are malignancy and tuberculosis. A high ADA content favors a tuberculous condition, while bloody effusions with a relatively lower ADA content. favors malignancy. The proportion of tuberculosis in massive pleural effusions was higher than in previous reports.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.61 no.6
• /
• pp.554-561
• /
• 2006

Background: In AIDS patients, the respiratory tract is one of the most frequently involved site of by an opportunistic infection, and an even common, casual pulmonary infection manifests in a peculiar ways in AIDS patients. In Korea, because of the low prevalence of AIDS, there is insufficient data compared with other Southeast Asian counties. However, considering the sexual behavior of the younger generation, it is expected that it will not be long before AIDS becomes a major public health issue in Korea. This study examined the clinical manifestation of HIV positive people and AIDS patients. The pulmonary manifestion of HIV-positive was evaluated. This study focused on the differences in the clinical manifestation between AIDS patients with pulmonary disease and simple HIV positive people. The characteristics of common pulmonary infections in AIDS patients were also analyzed. Method: The medical records of 28 HIV positive patients who visited the hospital of ChungAng University Hospital from January, 2001 to February, 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Result: Twenty-seven patients out of 28 HIV positive patients were male and the average age was 40.6(23-65). Patients in their thirties were most commonly affected. Elven patients had pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary tuberculosis (4 cases) and pneumocystis pneumonia (4 cases) were the most common respiratory infection. One patient showed a peculiar type of systemic cryptococcus. which was accompanied by lung and pleural dissemination. The CD4+lymphocyte count of patients with a pulmonary infection was significantly lower in patients with a pulmonary manifestation than those with only a HIV infection ($79.5/mm^3$ vs $400/mm^3$, respectively)(p<.05). Patients with pulmonary disease were in a more severe immunosuppressive state. There were 4 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 4 with pneumocystis pneumonia, 4 with secondary syphilis, 2 with primary syphilis, and 2 with HZV infection. The average CD4 lymphocyte counts was $56/mm^3$ in those with pulmonary tuberculosis, $42/mm^3$ in those with pneumocystis pneumonia, and $455/mm^3$ in those with secondary syphilis. Conclusion: This study examined the clinical manifestation of HIV positive patients, particularly AIDS patients with pulmonary disease, A more severe immunosuppressive status was observed in HIV-related pulmonary compared with those with HIV-related extrapulmonary disease, and the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis in pulmonary disease was higher than expected. Respiratory infection in AIDS manifest in uncommon ways e.g. disseminated cryptococcosis involving the lung and pleura. Evidently, AIDS patients with a respiratory infection have a more severe form of immunosuppression than those with a simple HIV infection. As expected, patients with a pulmonary infection were in a more severe immunosuppressed state than those with a simple HIV infection. Opportunistic infections can show peculiar clinical presentations in AIDS patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.661-674
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the level of MMP-2, MMP-8 in the healthy, inflammed gingival tissue and inflammed gingival tissue associated with type 2 DM. We investigate whether expression of MMP-2, MMP-8 is increased by chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. Based on patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival samples were divided into three groups. Group l(n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from 8 systemically healthy patients. Group 2(n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3(n=8) is inflammed gingiva from type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of MMP-2, MMP-8 was performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by ANOVA. MMP-2, MMP-8 was expressed in all samples including healthy gingiva and increased in group 3 compared to group 1 and 2, and showed that significant variation was observed between group 1 & 3 in MMP-8 results. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that human gingival tissue with chronic periodontitis associated to type 2 diabetes showed slightly elevated MMP-2, MMP-8 levels compared to healthy gingiva and non-diabetic inflamed gingiva.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the synergistic effects of dietary supplementation of quartz porphyry(QP) and a laboratory developed feed stimulants, BAISM(BS) on growth performance and utilization as the additives for juvenile eel Anguilla japonica. Six isoenergetic experimental diets(18.2 kJ/g) were formulated to contain 50% crude protein, 15% lipid with or without dietary QP(Song-Gang stone, Davistone, Korea) and BS supplementation. QP and BS were provided at 0% in the control diet($Q_0B_0$) and at 0.7% QP+0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_0$), 0.7% QP+0.3% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.3}$), 0.7% QP+0.5% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$), 0.7% QP+0.75% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}$) and 0.7% QP+1.0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$) in experimental diets on dry matter basis. After four weeks of adaptation, triplicate groups of 30 fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.1g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each aquarium, and they were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, weight gain(%), specific growth rate(%), feed efficiency(%) and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$, were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. But, $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$ were no significant differences(P<0.05). In challenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL bacterial suspension with Edwardsiella tarda per fish after the feeding trial. As a result, fish fed QP and BS supplemented diets have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those of fish fed control diet(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the optimum dietary supplementation level of QP and BS could be approximately 0.7% quartz porphyry+0.5% BAISM($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$) of diet based on WG, FER, SGR, PER, cumulative survival rate in juvenile eel A. japonica.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.286-296
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop fresh pasta added with mulberry leaf powder as functional fresh pasta. Through previous research, the mixture of 40% of flour and 60% of rice powder was optimum for making noodles with mulberry leaf powder. Making fresh pasta with 40% of wheat flour, 60% of rice powder (optimum moo for making noodles) and mulberry leaf powder(0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0%) was done, followed by the mechanical test(moisture content, color value, texture, tension) and the sensory analysis(quantitative descriptive analysis, preference test). Moisture contents of raw pasta and cooked pasta were the highest in control; scores for moisture contents of cooked pasta were higher than those of raw pasta. The result indicated that the more mulberry leaf powder was, the lower L-value and a-value were in raw pasta and cooked pasta. While the b-vale(yellowness) of raw pasta was the highest in control(9.81), 1.0% of mulberry powder addition sample was the highest in cooked pasta. For hardness, the 2.0% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample has high scores, and adhesiveness and chewiness were no significant difference. The 0.5% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample was the longest in tension distance, which was resulted from the lack of water contents in mulberry leaf powder. In cooked pasta, tension distance had no significant difference between the samples, and force showed the highest score in control. The quantitative descriptive analysis showed that color intensity, savory taste, bitterness were the highest in the 2.0% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample. Gloss and chewiness were no significant difference between the samples. Grassy flavor, savory flavor, bitterness and grainess were intense as mulberry leaf powder was added The preference test showed that MRP 1.5 containing 1.5% of mulberry leaf powder was the most preferable for color, texture and overall quality. In conclusion, 40% of wheat flour, 60% of rice powder and 1.5% of mulberry leaf powder made the best formula of fresh pasta with mulberry leaves.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2011

The remnant of temporary cement on the intaglio surface of cast restoration may have a negative effect on the retentive strength of permanent cement. This study was to evaluate the effect of temporary cement cleaning methods on the retentive strength of cementation type implant prostheses. Prefabricated implant abutments - height 5.5mm, diameter 4.5mm, 6 degree axial wall taper with chamfer margins were used. Forty copings-abutment specimens were divided into four groups(each n=10) according to the cleaning methods for temporary cement(Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$) as follows : no temporary cementation(the control group), orange solvent, ultrasonic cleaning, air borne-particle abrasion. After the application of temporary cement and the separation, the cleaning procedure was performed according to the protocol of each group. The specimens were cemented with $Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$. After the permanent cementation, the specimens were subjected to thermocycling and pulled out from the specimens with a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After the retentive strength test, all the specimens were cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning, abraded with air borne-particles, and steam-cleaned. Likewise, the specimens were temporarily cemented(Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ NE), cleaned according to the protocol of each group, cemented with $Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$ and subjected to thermocycling and measurement of their retentive strength. The mean of group with orange solvent were significantly lower than those of other groups(p<0.05). There was no significance between group with ultrasonic cleaning and group with air borne-particle abrasion. Group with ultrasonic cleaning and group with air-particle abrasion were no significance at control group. There was no significance between group cemented with Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ and group cemented with Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ NE. Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that the temporary cement cleaning method with only orange solvent may have a negative effect on the retentive strength of permanent cement. Ultrasonic cleaning and air borne-particle abrasion methods are recommended for the temporary cement cleaning method on cementation type implant prostheses.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.371-383
• /
• 2012

Shaping the root canal system to maintain original canal curvature is essential to clinical success in endodontic treatment. Opposed to most root canals that are curved, endodontic instruments are made from straight metal blanks. They have a tendency of straightening the root canal during preparation and frequently result in procedural errors. A new treatment method to maintain original canal curvature during shaping has been introduced for preventing procedural errors. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature of continuous rotary system and single file system. Thirty ISO 15, 0.02 taper, Endo Training Blocks(Dentsplay Maillefer) were used. Specimens were assigned to 1 of 3 groups for shaping: specimens in group 1 were shaped with ProFile #20/.06 at the WL. Specimens in group 2 were shaped with Mtwo #35/.04 at the WL. Specimens in group 3 were shaped with WaveOne Primary reciprocating files at the WL after the glide path was achieved with PathFile. Pre- and postinstrumentation digital images were superimposed and processed with Matlab r2010b(The MathWorks Inc, Natick, MA) software to analyze the curvature-radius ratio(CRr), representing canal curvature modification. Data for comparison on the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature depending on each Ni-Ti file were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA(P<.05). Data for comparison on the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature depending on each Ni-Ti file system were analyzed with independent t-test(P<.05). A statistically significant difference(P<0.05) was noted on each Ni-Ti file. ProFile and WaveOne instrumentations maintained the original canal curvature significantly better(P<0.05) than Mtwo file. There were no significant difference(P>0.05) between continuous rotary system and single file system. Under the conditions of this study, ProFile and WaveOne instruments maintained the original curvature significantly better than Mtwo file and were less modification of the canal curvature compared. There was no significant difference between continuous rotary system and single file system in shaping of simulated canals. As clinical practitioners, it may be advantages to use hybrid approach when root canal shapes depending on the design and usage of Ni-Ti files.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2011

With a development of implant restoration technique, there are increasing use of computer-guided system for edentulous patients. It was carried out simulated operation based on CT information about patient's bone quantity, quality and anatomical landmark. However, there are some difference between the programmed implant and post-operative implant about it's position. If the deviation was severe, it could happen a failure of 'passive fit' and not suited for path of implant restoration. The aim of this presentation is to evaluate about a degree of deviations between programmed implant and post-operative implant. Five patients treated by 'NobelGuide' system (Nobel Biocare AB, G$\ddot{o}$teborg, Sweden) in Department of Prosthodontics, Inha University were included in this study. The patients were performed CT radiograph taking and intra-oral impression taking at pre-operation. Based on CT images and study model, surgical stent was produced by NobelBiocareTM. To fabricated a pre-operative study model, after connected lab analog to surgical template, accomplished a pre-operative model using type 4 dental stone. At final impression, a post-operative study model was fabricated in the conventional procedures. Each study model was performed CT radiograph taking. Based on CT images, each implant was simulated in three dimensional position using $Procera^{(R)}$ software (Procera Software Clinical Design Premium, version 1.5; Nobel Biocare AB). In 3D simulated model, length and angulation between each implant of both pre- and post-operative implants were measured and recorded about linear and angular deviation between pre-and post-operative implants. A total of 24 implants were included in this study and 58 inter-implant sites between each implant were measured about linear and angular deviations. In the linear deviation a mean deviation of 0.41 mm (range 0~1.7 mm) was reported. In the angular deviation, a mean deviation was $1.99^{\circ}$ (range $0^{\circ}{\sim}6.7^{\circ}$). It appears that the both linear and angular mean deviation value were well acceptable to application of computer-guided implant system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2000

Objective: Our present studies were conducted to examine more effective isolating method of preantral follicles from mouse ovaries. Methods: ICR mice (3-6 weeks old) were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and their ovaries were removed and put into watch glasses containing Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Preantral follicles were isolated by three different methods; 1) enzymatical method and 2) mincing method, and 3) scraping method. Enzymatical method was carried out as following. Ovaries were bisected with a pair of fine 30G needles. Bisected ovaries were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ and 5% $CO_2$ incubator in 2-well dish containing Hams F-10 supplemented with collagenase 600 lU/ml and DNAse 20 lU/ml. After 20 min., follicles were isolated by repeated pipetting. Isolated preantral follicles were collected, and the remnant of tissues was placed in incubator and previous procedure was repeated. Mincing method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles attached to 1 ml syringes and minced ovary. Scraping method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles and scratched to surface of ovary. The differences between isolating methods were analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square. Results were considered statistically significant when ${\rho}$ value was less than 0.05. Results: In handling time, mincing or scraping method ($28{\pm}3.42$ min or $16{\pm}1.58$ min) were significantly (p<0.00001) shorter than enzymatical method ($72{\pm}1.69$ min), and scraping method was significantly (p<0.01) shorter than mincing method. Total number of isolated follicles was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in enzymatical method ($49.8{\pm}3.91$) than in mincing or scraping method ($25.3{\pm}2.33$ or $20.5{\pm}1.75$). Isolated follicles in ${\leq}$90${\mu}m$ were significantly (p<0.005) higher in enzymatical method ($15{\pm}1.71$) than in mincing or scraping method ($7.8{\pm}0.98$ or $8.1{\pm}1.31$). In 91~130 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were significantly (p<0.0005) higher in enzymatical method ($33{\pm}3.27$) than in mincing or scraping method ($16.3{\pm}1.82$ or $10.7{\pm}1.38$). In ${\geq}$ 131 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were not significantly differences between all groups. In equal sizes, the rate of isolated follicles in ${\leq}$ 90 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (39.6% vs. enzymatical method: 30.1%, p<0.05; mincing method: 30.9%, p=0.11719, NS). Rate of follicles in $91{\sim}130$ ${\mu}m$ was significantly (p<0.05) lower in scraping method (52.7%) than in enzymatical or mincing method (66.3% or 64.5%). Rate of follicles in ${\geq}$131 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (8.3% vs. enzymatical or scraping method: 3.6%, p<0.05 or 4.6%, p=0.19053, NS). Conclusions: This study suggests that scraping method is simple and useful for isolation of preantral follicles, because this method reduced handling time and recovered enough follicles. The recovered rate of isolated follicles in diameter of 91 ~ 130 ${\mu}m$ was highest in all methods.