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Bulnesia Sarmienti Aqueous Extract Inhibits Inflammation in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells (RAW 264.7세포에서 lipopolysaccharide로 유발시킨 염증반응에 대한 Bulnesia sarmienti 열수추출물의 억제효과)

  • Cheon, Yong-Pil;Mollah, Mohammad Lalmoddin;Park, Chang-Ho;Hong, Joo-Heon;Lee, Gee-Dong;Song, Jae-Chan;Kim, Kil-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.479-485
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    • 2009
  • Bulnesia sarmienti (BS), a traditional South American herbal medicine native to Gran Chaco, has been used to treat various human ailments. We investigated the cytotoxic activities and the inhibitory effects of BS bark extract(0, 50, 100 and $200\;{\mu}g/\;mL$) on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cyclooxygenase (COX) and proinflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The levels of NO, COX, PGE2 production and proinflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) were measured by ELISA kit. Cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay, showed that BS extract had no significant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells. BS extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ and COX production accompanied by an attenuation of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ formation in macrophages. These results suggest that BS extract has potential as an herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Mechanism of Anti-Invasive Action of Docosahexaenoic Acid in SW480 Human Colon Cancer Cell (인체 대장암 세포주 SW480에서 docosahexaenoic acid에 의한 침윤억제 기전)

  • Shin, So-Yeon;Kim, Yong-Jo;Song, Kyoung-Sub;Jing, Kaipeng;Kim, Na-Yeong;Jeong, So-Yeon;Park, Ji-Hoon;Seo, Kang-Sik;Heo, Jun-Young;Kwon, Hyun-Joo;Park, Jong-Il;Park, Seung-Kiel;Kweon, Gi-Ryang;Yoon, Wan-Hee;Hwang, Byung-Doo;Lim, Kyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.561-571
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    • 2010
  • Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the western world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Korea. Epidemiology studies have shown a reduced incidence of colon cancer among populations consuming a large quantity of ${\omega}3$-polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}3$-PUFA) of marine origin. Recently, it has been found that ${\omega}3$-PUFA has an antineoplastic effect in several cancers. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of the anti-invasive effect of ${\omega}3$-PUFA in colon cancer. ${\omega}3$-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth in SW480 human colon cancer cells. In contrast, arachidonic acid (AA), a ${\omega}6$-PUFA, exhibited no significant effect. This action likely involves apoptosis, given that DHA treatment increased apoptotic cells in TUNEL assay. Moreover, invasiveness of SW480 cells was inhibited following treatment of DHA in a dose-dependent manner; in contrast, AA had no effect. The levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA decreased after DHA pretreatment. MMP-9 and MMP-2 promoter activities were also inhibited by DHA treatment. The levels of NF-kB and p-IkB protein were down-regulated by DHA pretreatment in a dose dependent manner. In addition, DHA inhibited NF-kB promoter reporter activities. These findings suggest that ${\omega}3$-PUFA may inhibit cancer cell invasion by inhibition of MMPs via reduction of NF-kB in colon cancer. In conclusion, ${\omega}3$-PUFA could be used for chemoprevention and treatment of human colon cancer.

Study on Correlation Between Feed Protein Fractions and In situ Protein Degradation Rate (사료 단백질의 Fraction과 In situ 단백질 분해율의 상관관계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, S.Y.;Chung, Y.S.;Song, J.Y.;Park, S.H.;Sung, H.G.;Kim, H.J.;Ko, J.Y.;Ha, Jong-Kyu
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.351-358
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    • 2007
  • This experiment was conducted to determine correlation between in vitro protein fractions and in situ protein degradation rate with major dairy protein sources(soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cotton seed meal, kapok seed meal and perilla meal). Five protein fractions were obtained according to the Cornell Net Carbohydate and Protein System(CNCPS), and in situ protein degradation rates were determined by technique using nylon bags incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24hrs in the rumen of three Holstein steers. Fraction A was highest in kapok seed meal(14.6%) and lowest in corn gluten meal(0.6%) (P<0.05). The highest B1, B2 and B3 fractions were contained in soybean meal(8.27%), cotton seed meal(74%), and perilla meal(40%), respectively. Corn gluten meal was very high in fraction C. In situ protein degradation rate of soybean meal was 98%, highest among five protein sources, and corn gluten meal had the lowest rate at 28%. Correlation analysis showed that easily soluble fractions of both methods, in situ protein degradation rate and digestible protein fractions, and in situ protein degradation rate minus “a” and fraction B2+B3 were highly correlated. These results indicate that in vitro protein fractionation can be used in the estimation of in situ protein degradation.

The Efficacy Evaluation of Tourmaline-Ionized Water in Animal Study (투어마린이온활성수의 효능 평가)

  • Yoon, Yang-Suk;Kim, Dong-Heui;Qi, Xu-Feng;Song, Soon-Bong;Jung, Jong-Ho;Joo, Kyung-Bok;Teng, Yung-Chien;Lee, Kyu-Jae
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.311-317
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed using animals to confirm the effect of tourmaline-ionized water (TIW) the properties of which were changed by tourmaline energy and electric discharge. In the ICR mice fed high-fat diet, body weight increasing rate of the TIW-treated group (Exp) was generally decreased and moreover exhibited significance at 11th week (P<0.05) compared with the control (Con) group fed distilled water, although water intake of the Exp group was lower than that of the Con group. In the ICR mice with $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity, AST and ALT activities of the Exp group were not significant but showed some decreasing trend, and histological damage of liver was less compared with thatof the Con group. On the study of ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rat, blood alcohol concentration was significantly decreased (P<0.01), activity of GST, antioxidant enzyme related to the alcohol metabolism, was increased in liver tissue (P<0.05), and AST and ALT show a tendency to be decreasedin the Exp group. These results suggest that drinking TIWhas not only some obesity preventing effect but also an alcohol detoxification effect and liver protecting effect in vivo. It is supposed due to a structural change of water cluster and a property which maintains the changed structure through tourmaline energy and electric discharge. Therefore, TIW has a potentiality to be developed as functional water with several beneficial effects as well as for daily drinking, but further study on the mechanism related with efficacy will be necessary.

The study on outpatient-clinic practice by shift system at a hospital in Taegu (대구지역 한 중소병원의 교대제 근무에 의한 외래진료에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Jung Hup;Kim, Jing Kyun;Ha, Young Ae;Yeh, Min Hae
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.44-59
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    • 1994
  • Medical consumers(patients) want evening-clinic because of busy work. For patient's convenience and improving service, hospital should accept it. Considering payment system and patient's demand, personnel expenses, hospital can not accept. The practice of shift system to accept patient's demand and hospital's economic aspect was made. To analysis the effect of the system and probability to alternative to evening clinic this study was done. This study was composed of basal study, intervention, evaluation of effect. The basal study were composed of studying demand on evening clinic, the number of beds, doctors employee, the time table of practice and work, and the number of patients at arrival time. The intervention composed of changing of practice time, changing of working time by the number of patients at arrival time, increasing of employee. The evaluation of effect were composed of evaluating the number of patient at time, the effect of shift system, the comparison of the number of in and out patients and questionnairing the practice of shift system. In the practice time at 2 shift system First team works 7-15 hours and Second team 12-20 hours. there are no lunch and supper time. At 18-20 hours the number of patients were 25-30. The number of patient a depart were 6-7. The number of out-patient increase in 13% and inpatient increase in 10% before the system. Doctors(100%), employee(94.6%), and patients(86.4%) approved this system. The advantage of this system were utilization of surplus time, lengthen the practice time, even distribution of patients and shortening of waiting time, rapid treatment of emergent patients. The disadvantage of this system were shortage of manpower, not all depart practice, continuity of practice, no lunch and supper time, irregular rounding. At present because of small Demanding on evening clinic, this shift system was economical. To succeed this study more effectively all depart in hospital participate. But because of economical reason it is impossible for hospital to do it. If the government assist the economic loss that all depart participate in this system it is very helpful for hospital to succeed in implementing this system more early.

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Development of a Solar Collector Performance of Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Solar Collector (태양열(太陽熱) 집열기개발(集熱器開發)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 포물반사곡면(抛物反射曲面)으로된 2차원(二次元) 집광식(集光式) 태양열(太陽熱) 집열기(集熱器)의 성능분석(性能分析) -)

  • Song, Hyun Kap;Yon, Kwang Seok;Cho, Sung Chan
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.54-68
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    • 1985
  • It is desirable to collect the solar thermal energy at relatively high temperature in order to minimize the size of thermal storage system and to enlarge the scope of solar thermal energy utilization. So far the concentrating solar collector has been developed to collect solar thermal energy at relatively high temperature, but it has some difficulties in maintaining the volumetric body of solar collector for long term utilization. On the other hand, the flat-plate solar collector has been developed to collect the solar thermal energy at low temperature, and it has advantages in maintaining the system for long term utilization, since it's thickness is thin and not volumetric. In this study, to develop a solar collector that has both advantages of collecting solar thermal energy at high temperature and fixing conveniently the collector system for long term period, a cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar collector was designed, which has two rows of parabolic reflectors and thin thickness such as the flat-plate solar collector, maintaining the optical form of concentrating solar collector. The characteristics of the concentrating parabolic solar collector newly designed was analysed and the results are summarized as follows; 1. The temperature of the air enclosed in solar collector was all the same as $50^{\circ}C$ in both cases of the open and closed loop, and when the heat transfer fluid was not circulated in tubular absorber, the maximum surface temperature of the absorber was $118-120^{\circ}C$, this results suggested that the heat transfer fluid could be heated up to $118^{\circ}C$. 2. In case of longitudinal installation of the solar collector, the temperature difference of heat transfer fluid between inlet and outlet was $4^{\circ}-6^{\circ}C$ at the flow rate of $110-130{\ell}/hr$, and the collected solar energy per unit area of collector was $300-465W/m^2$. 3. The collected solar energy per unit area for 7 hours was 1960 Kcal/$m^2$ for the open loop and 220 Kcal/$m^2$ for the closed loop. Therefore it is necessary to combine the open and closed loop of solar collectors to improve the thermal efficiency of solar collector. 4. The thermal efficiency of the solar collector (C.P.C.S.C.) was proportional to the density of solar radiation, indicating the maximum thermal efficiency ${\eta}_{max}=58%$ with longitudinal installation and ${\eta}_{max}=45%$ with lateral installation. 5. The thermal efficiency of the solar collector (C.P.C.S.C.) was increased in accordance with the increase of flow rate of heat transfer fluid, presenting the flow rate of $110{\ell}/hr$ was the value of turning point of the increasing rate of the collector efficiency, therefore the flow rate of $110{\ell}/hr$ was considered as optimum value for the test of the solar collector (C.P.C.S.C.) performance when the heat transfer fluid is a liquid. 6. In both cases of longitudinal and lateral installation of the solar collector (C.P.C.S.C.), the thermal efficiency was decreased linearly with an increase in the value of the term ($T_m-T_a$)/Ic and the increasing rate of the thermal efficiency was not effected by the installation method of solar collector.

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Growth and Predictive Model of Wild-type Salmonella spp. on Temperature and Time during Cut and Package Processing in Cold Pork Meats (냉장돈육 가공공정 온도와 시간에서의 Wild-type Salmonella spp.의 성장특성 및 예측모델)

  • Song, Ju Yeon;Kim, Yong Soo;Hong, Chong Hae;Bahk, Gyung Jin
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2013
  • This study presents the influence on growth properties determined using a novel predictive growth model of wild-type Salmonella spp. KSC 101 by variations in the temperature and time during cut packaging in cold, uncooked pork meat. The experiment performed for model development included an arrangement of different temperatures ($0^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$) and time durations (0, 1, 2, and 3 hours) that reflect actual pork-cut and packaging processes. No growth was observed at $0^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, whereas some growth was observed at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$, with a mean increase of only 0.34 log CFU/g. The growth observed at $20^{\circ}C$ was more robust than that observed at $15^{\circ}C$, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, compared with PMP (Pathogen Modeling Program), the wild-type Salmonella spp. KSC 101 showed a more rapid growth. We used the Gompertz 4 parameter equation as the primary model, and the exponential decay formula as the secondary model. The estimated $R^2$ values were 0.99 or higher. The developed model was evaluated by comparison of the experimental and predictive values, and the values were in agreement with the ${\pm}0.5$ log CFU/g, although the RMSE (Root mean square error) value was 0.103, which indicates a slight overestimation. Therefore, we suggest that the developed predictive growth model would be useful as a tool for evaluating sanitation criteria in pork cut-packaging processes.

Prevalence of NTM Pulmonary Infection in the Patients with Bronchiectasis (기관지확장증 환자에서 폐 비결핵성 마이코박테리아증의 유병률)

  • Lee, Jung Yeon;Song, Jae-Woo;Hong, Sang-Bum;Oh, Yeon-Mok;Lim, Chae-Man;Lee, Sang Do;Koh, Younsuck;Kim, Woo Sung;Kim, Dong Soon;Kim, Won Dong;Shim, Tae Sun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2004
  • Background : It has been well known that bronchiectasis (BE) is a predisposing condition for pulmonary NTM infection, whereas there are some suggestions that BE, especially nodular BE, may be a result of NTM pulmonary infection. This retrospective study was done to investigate the prevalence of NTM pulmonary infection in the patients with BE. Methods : Eight hundred sixty-six patients, who underwent chest CT and sputum AFB examination and had BE detected by chest CT at Asan Medical Center in 2002, were included in this study. They were divided into Group I (bilateral BE, especially in RML, lingular or both lower lobes; 134), Group II (BE accompanied with fibrocavitary lesions commonly found in tuberculosis, usually both upper lobes; 233) and Group III (except Group I, II; 499) according to the radiological findings. Group I was subdivided into Group I+ (62) or Group I- (72) according to the presence or absence of centrilobular nodules, respectively. The sputum AFB examination, clinical and radiological findings were analyzed and compared between groups. Results : The number of patients who had at least one positive NTM culture was significantly higher in Group I+ compared with others (p<0.05); 24.2% in Group I+, 6.9% in Group I-, 9.9% in Group II, 6.0% in Group III and 4.1% in control. The number of patients who had true NTM infection defined by ATS guideline was higher in Group I+ (5, 8.1%) compared with others (p<0.05). In all groups, M. avium-intracellulare comlex was the most common isolates. Conclusion : Even though true NTM pulmonary disease was more prevalent in the patients with nodular BE, especially located in RML, left linguar, or both lower lobes, only a small population of the patients with nodular BE met the ATS diagnostic criteria for NTM pulmonary disease. The other patients in nodular BE group may have subclinical stage of NTM infection or completely different diseases from NTM infection. Long-term clinical studies are needed to clarify this issue.

Concurrent Chemoradiation with Weekly Paclitaxel in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (국소진행성 비소세포폐암에서 Paclitaxel 매주투여 및 방사선치료 동시요법)

  • Bae, Kang Woo;Song, Tak Ho;Yang, Joo Yeon;Kim, Yun Seup;Park, Jae Seok;Jee, Young Koo;Lee, Kye Young
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.351-357
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    • 2004
  • Background : Paclitaxel is highly beneficial anticancer drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and has shown remarkable radiosensitizing effect in vitro. We evaluated whether concurrent chemoradiation therapy with weekly paclitaxel (60 $mg/m^2$) could be tolerated and effective in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods : Twenty-two stage III (IIIA:6, IIIB:16) NSCLC patients were treated with weekly administration of paclitaxel (60 $mg/m^2$) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 in addition to concurrent radiation therapy of 54 Gy. After the initial phase of concurrent chemoradiation, patients received additional two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with paclitaxel (175 $mg/m^2$)/cisplatin (75 $mg/m^2$) or paclitaxel (175 $mg/m^2$)/carboplatin (6AUC) every 3 weeks. Results : Overall response rate was 81.8% (18/22) with 9.1% (2/22) of complete response and 72.7% (16/22) of partial response rate. Two patients (9.1%) died of chemoradiation-induced pneumonitis after completion of therapy. In total, grade 3 toxicities included pneumonitis (22.7%), esophagitis (22.7%), neuropathy (13.6%), and neutropenia (13.6%). The median survival time was 15 months and 2-year overall survival were 31.8%. Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with weekly paclitaxel in locally advanced NSCLC showed good local response, but survival rate was not completely satisfactory due to potentially fatal chemoradiation-induced pneumonitis.

Analyzing Contextual Polarity of Unstructured Data for Measuring Subjective Well-Being (주관적 웰빙 상태 측정을 위한 비정형 데이터의 상황기반 긍부정성 분석 방법)

  • Choi, Sukjae;Song, Yeongeun;Kwon, Ohbyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.83-105
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    • 2016
  • Measuring an individual's subjective wellbeing in an accurate, unobtrusive, and cost-effective manner is a core success factor of the wellbeing support system, which is a type of medical IT service. However, measurements with a self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors are cost-intensive and obtrusive when the wellbeing support system should be running in real-time, despite being very accurate. Recently, reasoning the state of subjective wellbeing with conventional sentiment analysis and unstructured data has been proposed as an alternative to resolve the drawbacks of the self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors. However, this approach does not consider contextual polarity, which results in lower measurement accuracy. Moreover, there is no sentimental word net or ontology for the subjective wellbeing area. Hence, this paper proposes a method to extract keywords and their contextual polarity representing the subjective wellbeing state from the unstructured text in online websites in order to improve the reasoning accuracy of the sentiment analysis. The proposed method is as follows. First, a set of general sentimental words is proposed. SentiWordNet was adopted; this is the most widely used dictionary and contains about 100,000 words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs with polarities from -1.0 (extremely negative) to 1.0 (extremely positive). Second, corpora on subjective wellbeing (SWB corpora) were obtained by crawling online text. A survey was conducted to prepare a learning dataset that includes an individual's opinion and the level of self-report wellness, such as stress and depression. The participants were asked to respond with their feelings about online news on two topics. Next, three data sources were extracted from the SWB corpora: demographic information, psychographic information, and the structural characteristics of the text (e.g., the number of words used in the text, simple statistics on the special characters used). These were considered to adjust the level of a specific SWB. Finally, a set of reasoning rules was generated for each wellbeing factor to estimate the SWB of an individual based on the text written by the individual. The experimental results suggested that using contextual polarity for each SWB factor (e.g., stress, depression) significantly improved the estimation accuracy compared to conventional sentiment analysis methods incorporating SentiWordNet. Even though literature is available on Korean sentiment analysis, such studies only used only a limited set of sentimental words. Due to the small number of words, many sentences are overlooked and ignored when estimating the level of sentiment. However, the proposed method can identify multiple sentiment-neutral words as sentiment words in the context of a specific SWB factor. The results also suggest that a specific type of senti-word dictionary containing contextual polarity needs to be constructed along with a dictionary based on common sense such as SenticNet. These efforts will enrich and enlarge the application area of sentic computing. The study is helpful to practitioners and managers of wellness services in that a couple of characteristics of unstructured text have been identified for improving SWB. Consistent with the literature, the results showed that the gender and age affect the SWB state when the individual is exposed to an identical queue from the online text. In addition, the length of the textual response and usage pattern of special characters were found to indicate the individual's SWB. These imply that better SWB measurement should involve collecting the textual structure and the individual's demographic conditions. In the future, the proposed method should be improved by automated identification of the contextual polarity in order to enlarge the vocabulary in a cost-effective manner.