• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.332-348
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• 1995

The use of attitude as a psychological concepts dates back to 1918(Thomas and Znaniecki). Assessment of attitudes has been conducted by a number of researchers since then in a wide range of contexts: religion, government, industry, community interrelations, and education; and sociology and psychology. In science, the number of research summaries and meta-analyses points to the significance of the concept of attitude toward science. However, in spite of the wide spread use of attitude assessment in science, many of the existing instruments have severe limitations. Those limitations serve as the rationale for the construction of a new instrument to assess attitudes toward science The term "attitude" and "science" are somewhat ambiguous, taking on different meanings for different people in different contexts. Very often an assessment includes several dimensions of attitude and, therefore, provides no clear idea of what was really measured. As a result there is no consistency with respect to the construct among attitude instruments. To clarify this issue, Gauld(1982), Munby(1983a, 1983b), Blosser(1984) and Haladyna and Shaughnessy(1982) offer some guiding descriptions. Attitude as it relates to science is divided into two areas-scientific attitude and attitude toward science. Scientific attitude refers to a particular approach a person assumes for solving problems, for assessing ideas and information, and for making decisions. It includes such scientific methods and predispositions as objectivity, suspended judgement, critical evaluation, and skepticism. Munby(1983a, 1983b) characterized scientific attitude as thinking as scientists do, that is, acting on evidence in a disciplined way. Attitude toward science. on the other hand, may address scientific attitudes, scientists, scientific careers, methods of teaching science, scientific interests, parts of curriculum, or the subject of science in the classroom (Blosser,1984). It may refer to belief about processes, theoretical products, technological products, or the science-technology relationship (Munby, 1983).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.162-171
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• 2008

For a field of research to be an independent area of study, there must be a common paradigm that is shared by the members of the community. In addition. for establishment of identity in a study, several relating scientific communities should actively study and research, which lead to a new paradigm. Efforts to accomplish this purpose are found in Politics, Economics, and Psychology. Yet, the field of Fire Service Science have not yield these results which include active scientific communities, scholars and experts who research on the subject and exchange their expertises. New paradigm for the field is not established yet. Therefore, this research probes the origins of these problems and suggests a proper scientific paradigm and direction for establishment of identity of Fire Service Science in Korea's ambiance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.624-632
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluated the nutrition quality of the commercial supplementary foods for infants and young children and to seek a solution to the establishment of standards of nutrient requirements for supplementary foods in Korea. Information on food ingredients, nutrient contents, claims about usefulness of food components and instructions for feeding preparation were obtained from the labels of 33 commercial supplementary foods manufactured by 4 different domestic companies. According to the standard of supplementary foods for infants and young children described in the Korean Food Code, the commercial supplementary foods were categorized into two different types, weaning food and baby food. All the commercial weaning foods were in powder form and mainly composed of cereals, whereas all the baby foods were mainly composed of fruits in the form of canned juice. The weaning foods contained more nutrients than the baby foods did, and the nutrient levels of the weaning foods expressed as nutrient density on energy basis were higher than the RDA for infants aged 5 to 11 months, suggesting that the commercial weaning foods provide adequate amounts of nutrients. If one followed the instructions for feeding preparation appearing on the label, however, recommended amounts of intake of the weaning foods would provide too much energy as well as nutrients. There were many differences in nutrient standards of weaning foods between the Korean Food Code and Codex international food standard. In conclusion, the establishment of standards for nutrient requirements for the supplementary foods requires significant scientific studies on what nutrients are the most inadequate in Korean infants and young children feeds and what levels of nutrients should be added to the foods in order to supplement their nutrition. In addition, it is very important to have a strong scientific basis to support our standard when discrepancies exist between our standard and the international standard. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 624-632, 1997)

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.509-520
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• 2023

Scientific explanation is the main goal of scientists' scientific practice, and the science curriculum also includes developing students' abilities to construct scientific explanations as a major goal. Thus, clarifying its meaning is an important issue in the science education community. In this paper, the researchers identified three perspectives on 'scientific explanation' based on the scoping review method (Deductive-Nomological, Probabilistic, and Pragmatic explanation models). We argued that it is important to clarify and distinguish the meanings of 'scientific explanation' from other concepts used in science education, such as 'description', 'prediction', 'hypothesis', and 'argument' based on a review of the literature. It is also pointed out that there is a difference between 'scientific explanation' as a product and 'explaining scientifically' as communication, and several ways to revise achievement standard statements in the science curriculum are suggested, to guide students to construct scientific explanations and to help students to explain scientifically. By adopting the three scientific explanation models, the important factors to be considered were classified and organized, and examples of science learning activities for scientific explanation considering such factors were suggested. It is hoped that the discussion in this study will help establish clearer learning goals in science learning related to scientific explanation and aid the design of more appropriate learning activities accordingly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1421-1431
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• 2013

This study was conducted for clarifying distribution and characteristics of marshy Ericaceae plants on Mt. Changbai in China. The marshy Ericaceae plants in wetland of Mt. Changbai were investigated on about 1400 m altitude. This region is various developmental wetlands and vegetation mixture of needle-leaf trees and broad-leaf trees. This region also is start point of the coniferous forest zone in Mt. Changbai. As results of these researches, L. palustre var. diversipilosum and L. palustre var. decumbens populations were investigated in Larix olgensis var. amurensis community. R. lapponicum subsp. parvifolium var. parvifolium community appeared as a typical community. Environmental conditions of L. palustre var. diversipilosum and L. palustre var. decumbens populations' habitats are more soil humidity and shade condition. R. lapponicum subsp. parvifolium var. parvifolium community habitat, however, has more deposits and humidity condition. Therefore when the plants were cultivated, we should recognize the growth condition such as maintenance of humidity and control deposits. The flora of marshy Ericaceae species habitats was investigated as 28 families, 49 genera, 45 species, 14 variety, 1 forma, 1 sub-species, and total 61 taxa.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.825-838
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a survey tool of scientific character for elementary student which connects science education and character education effectively by figuring out traits of elementary students' character being presented in teaching and learning context of elementary school science. For this, we adapted the theocratical model from the previous research which defined scientific character as the competencies being able to practice in concrete teaching and learning context of science. Based on this model, we developed the survey tool as 'Scientific Character Inventory for Elementary Student' to assess elementary students' scientific character as the competences to practice the virtues being pursued in the context of elementary school science and verified its reliability and validity. As a result of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we confirmed all the items could be summarized into 28 items and eight constructs such as scientific problem-solving, self-management, self-reflection, communication, interpersonal skill, community participation, global citizenship, and environmental ethics awareness. We found that minimum reliability coefficient of constructs was over than 0.5 and reliability coefficient of the total items was 0.878. And also, there was modest relationship between each construct and the total score of scientific character. These results show that the developed survey tool can be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of science character education. This study is meaningful in that it systematically reveals constructs of scientific character which can be raised in concrete context of science teaching and learning so as to suggest the survey tool to assess this.

• Carbon letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

The near explosion of attention given to graphene has attracted many to its research field. As new studies and findings about graphene synthesis, properties, electronic quality control, and possible applications simultaneous burgeon in the scientific community, it is quite hard to grasp the breadth of graphene history. At this stage, graphene's many fascinating qualities have been amply reported and its potential for various electronic applications are increasing, pulling in ever more newcomers to the field of graphene. Thus it has become important as a community to have an equal understanding of how this material was discovered, why it is stirring up the scientific community and what sort of progress has been made and for what purposes. Since the first discovery, the hype has expediently led to near accomplishment of industrial-sized production of graphene. This review covers the progress and development of synthesis and transfer techniques with an emphasis on the most recent technique of chemical vapor deposition, and explores the potential applications of graphene that are made possible with the improved synthesis and transfer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 1997

An important and somewhat under-emphasized issue in assessing the risk potentially associated with exposure to ETS is the reliability and objectivity of the methods used to measure the actual level of exposure. Objectivity of the science is crucial in this context since this topic tends to elicit strong social, emotional and political responses among the general public and the scientific community alike. This mini-review compares the strengths and limitations of various methods used in determining ETS exposure in scientific investigations. Methods reviewed include: questionnaire, area monitoring, bio-monitoring, and personal monitoring. In particular, results of several recent studies (conducted in the United States, Europe, and the Far East) using personal monitors in combination with questionnaire and bio-monitoring, which contribute to a more reliable, objective and realistic estimates of a person's actual exposure to 575, are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 1973

This paper is intended as a basic study in which the purpose is to provide understanding of the workings of man in relation to his information resources. Such understanding would prove of value in formulating the policies of an inoformation center serving the fields of science and technology. The information problem of the scientific community was assessed in the lights of the characteristics of the information (cumulativeness, currency versus obsolescence, volume versus redundancy, interrelationships, and foreign literature)and the flow of information and communication patterns covering the use of the variety of media and the information gathering habits of scientists. What can be done to ease the problem was sought in the improvements and innovations which call the attentions of the scientists and the technologists as producers and users of the information, of the professional organizations of various disciplines and of government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-113
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore how science docents developed their expertise in the context of situated learning where two experienced docents played roles of mentors. Two experienced docents as mentors and six participating docents as mentees interacted in the community to develop exhibition interpretation strategies to be more professional in interacting with visitors through the workshops developed by the researcher. To figure out how docents developed their expertise in exhibit interpretation, the researcher collected the data from docents through observation, artifacts, and interviews as well as surveys. The result of this study included that participating docents formed new perception about scientific inquiry as well as scientific literacy and they developed professional skills of planning, implementing, and reflecting of exhibition interpretation in the context of situated learning, where docents formed alliance one another. It is recognized that participating docents' passions to be professional in exhibition interpretation and two experienced docents' wills as mentors made dynamic interaction in pursuing the same aim of docents' expertise in exhibition interpretation.