• 제목/요약/키워드: Korean raw milk

검색결과 316건 처리시간 0.023초

시유의 유통기간 결정에 관한 학문적 고찰 (Scientific Consideration in Determining Shelf Life of Market Milk)

  • 최석호
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2004
  • The shelf lift of market milk should be determined based on the flavor which is influenced by environmental and sanitary conditions of dairy farm, milk processing plant, and storage and transportation facility as well as compositional quality, such as protein and fat, of the milk itself. The legal shelf life of market milk is often limited by microbiological quality, e.g. total bacterial count, coliform count, and food poisoning bacteria. The bacteria involved with milk spoilage and poisoning are originated from bacteria contaminating milk after pasteurization or spores surviving the heat treatment of pasteurization. The important factors which influence the shelf life of market milk are microbiological quality of raw milk, pasteurization condition, post-pasteurization contamination, and temperature during storage and transportation. The organoleptic quality and shelf life of market milk should be further improved by satisfying the consumer's taste, which depends on somatic cell count and bacterial count of milk, feed quality, foreign substance in milk, and physical treatment during processing and transportation.

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Enzymatic Determination of Somatic Cells by Using Transparisation in Raw Milk

  • Lee, Bou-Oung;Xu, Wen-Ying;Chang, Oun-Ki;Jin, Tai-Hua
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.411-415
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    • 2004
  • The transparisation technology for milk and milk products could be applied widely and very importantly to various determination because transparisation can economize the cost and increase with precision in the milk payment system. Component of butanone or Triton in transparisation solvent would inhibit the growth of bacteria and method. Enzymatic determination of leucocytes were proposed to evaluate milk quality as mastitis in the milk payment system, this can be easily applied to simplify automation of the determation with the lowest investment cost in milk pay system. The significance of this technique, it can be used in the quality control of raw milk and milk products, milk payment system, and programming of national dairy project. Transparisation technology is used in somatic cell counting by enzymic methods. The range of deviation for this method is 16% in 74 samples. But the deviation is increased to 20% when the Infoss method is used. It is affected by the percentage of epithelial cells and white blood cells in somatic cells from different animals and the stages of aging. NAgase activity has an obvious correlation with white-blood cells in milk. In the case of mastitis the white-blood cells is 90-95% in somatic cells in milk, it is showing greater precision in measuring the state of mastitis. In conclusion the enzymic method of somatic cell counting is a relatively simple and easy method of measurement and can be easily practiced. And the importance of this method is also worth utilizing for indirect counting of Somatic cells by use of synthetic substrates to NAgase. In the future, with the further development of the research in this field, it will b possible to automatize the measurement.

Physiological Characteristics and Production of Vitamin K2 by Lactobacillus fermentum LC272 Isolated from Raw Milk

  • Lim, Sang-Dong;Kim, Kee-Sung;Do, Jeong-Ryong
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.513-520
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    • 2011
  • In order to develop a new starter culture for fermented milk, Lactobacillus fermentum LC272 was isolated from raw milk and its physiological characteristics were investigated. The vitamin $K_2$ concentration of L. fermentum LC272 was $184.94{\mu}g/L$ in Rogosa medium and $63.93{\mu}g/L$ in the reconstituted skim milk. The optimum growth temperature for L. fermentum LC272 was determined to be $40^{\circ}C$ and it took 24 h for the pH to reach 5.2 under this condition. L. fermentum LC272 was more sensitive to rifampicin relative of the other 15 different antibiotics tested, and showed most resistance to streptomycin. L. fermentum LC272 showed higher activities to leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase. It was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid and displayed high resistance against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 82.9 and 86.3% respectively. These results demonstrated that L. fermentum LC272 could be an excellent starter culture for fermented milk with high levels of vitamin $K_2$ production.

원료유(原料乳)의 이상유무(異常有無)와 전기전도도(電氣傳導度) (Measurement of Electrical Conductivity for Detection of Abnormality of Raw Milk)

  • 박호구;배태진;김병삼;한봉호
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 1983
  • 목장(牧場)으로 부터 납유(納乳)된 혼유상태(混乳狀態)의 수송관우유(輸送罐牛乳)의 이상유무판정(異常有無判定)을 위한 한 방법(方法)으로서 전기전도도측정법(電氣傳導度測定法)의 적용가능성(適用可能性) 여부(如否)를 유당함량(乳糖含量), 염소농도(鹽素濃度) 및 koestler number와 관련시켜 검토(檢討)하였다. 시료유(試料乳)의 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)와 koestler number와의 상관계수(相關係數)는 0.76이었다. 43개 시료유중(試料乳中) koestler number 3.5를 기준(基準)으로 한 이상유(異常乳)의 비율(比率)은 14.0%, 염소농도(鹽素濃度) 0.14%를 기준(基準)으로 하면 15.3%, 그리고 전기전도도(電氣傳導度) $6.260({\mu}mho/cm){\times}10^3$을 기준(基準)으로 한 비율(比率)은 14.0%였다. 가수(加水), 가염(加鹽)된 시료유(試料乳)의 이상유무판정(異常有無判定)에는 전기전도도측정(電氣傳導度測定)외에 보조적(補助的)으로 비중측정(比重測定)이 필요(必要)하였다.

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유아의 우유군의 섭취가 식이의 다양성과 영양소 섭취의 적정도에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Milk Group Intake to Dietary Diversity Score and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio among Toddler)

  • 권지영;박혜련;황은미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.30-38
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    • 2001
  • This research was conduced to 1) examine the influence of milk group intake on the dietary, considering dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy, 2) identify which foods truly contribute to the intake of specific nutrients 3) point out the dietary problems of this age group. The subjects were 664(male 357, female 307) healthy toddlers of the ages of 12-36 months, who had neither been taking any medicine-type supplements nor had any diseases that affect the dietary intakes, chosen among the outpatients of university and private hospitals in Seoul and Kyonggi province during Mach-August, 1999. The 24 hour recall method and CAN Pro(food analysis program) were used to analyze the amount of nutrient intake. The grouping of the subjects for the analysis by monthly age was based on the 98 Korean Child growth standard. The results that the milk group intake showed significant negative correlations with the grain group(r=-0.194, p<0.01), the vegetable group(r=-0.115, p<0.01) and the fruit group(r=-0.125, p<0.01). It also showed that the more the milk group intake, the lower the Dietary Diversity Score(r=-0.131, p<0.01), and the more the intake of raw milk, the more dificient the intake of iron(r=-0.211, p<0.01), vitamin A(r=-0.169,p<0.01), vitamin B$_1$(r=-0.078, p<0.05) and vitamin C(r=-0.187, p<0.01). Foods contributory to nutrient intake for of 12-14 months of were mostly infant formula, and the contribution ratio was high. In the age of 15-17 months, the subjects obtained most of the nutrients from raw milk., liquid-type yoghurt, soybean milk, cooked rice, etc. As for iron intake, the age of 21-23 month obtained the most from ionic drinks, and 24-29 months from raw milk, chocolate cakes, ionic drinks, etc. Though the NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) generally tended to increase accordingly with the DDs, as for nutrients Ca, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and vitamin C the NAR marked the highest when the DDS marked the lowest(due to infant formula). And for iron, even when the DDS was 5 the NAR value was low. Im conclusion, the more the milk group intake, the lower was the dietary diversity. High dependency on infant formula and others from milk group over the age of 12 months proved to result in a decrease of nutritious solid food intake, iron deficiency and a low dietary diversity score, which can lead to an unbalanced diet. Therefore, nutrition education towards mothers/caretakers of toddler is of urgent need, in order to reduce the fluid milk group intake of low nutritional density and to provide various solid foods the children. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):30-38, 2001)

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내냉성미생물인 Acinetobacter genomospecies 10에 의한 gouda cheese의 지방의 변화 (Changes in Fat in Gouda Cheese by the Psychrotrophic Bacterium Acinetobacter Genomospecies 10)

  • 신용국;오남수;이현아;남명수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.174-179
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 내냉성 미생물이 Gouda cheese의 지방 성분에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 지방분해 효소 활성이 가장 높은 내냉성미생물인 Acinetobacter genomospecies 10을 원유에 접종하여 3일과 6일 냉장 보관 후 제조한 Gouda cheese는 숙성 6주 경과후 총고형분과 지방 성분은 대조군에 비해 각각 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 접종 3일후 원유로 제조한 Gouda cheese는 대조군에 비해 SCFFA는 1.35배, MCFFA는 1.42배, LCFFA는 1.44배로 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 총유리지방산 함량은 대조군에 비해 1.68배로 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 접종 6일 후 원유로 제조한 Gouda cheese는 대조군에 비해 SCFFA는 1.45배, MCFFA는 1.28배, LCFFA는 1.38배로 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 총유리지방산 함량은 대조군에 비해 1.34배로 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 내냉성미생물이 생산하는 지방분해효소에 의해 얻어진 지나친 유리지방산은 이취를 유발할 수 있어, 유제품의 품질을 저하시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

면역단백질 G(IgG)의 열처리에 대한 안정성 (Stability of Immunoglobulin G(IgG) by Heat Treatment)

  • 박종대;손동화;정관섭
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.236-240
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    • 2003
  • 초유성분을 이용한 유제품의 개발시 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 IgG 강화우유의 살균온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율과 초유관련 분말제품의 용해온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 원유, IgG 50 mg, 250 mg 강화한 우유는 살균처리 온도가 높을수록 활성 잔존율이 급격히 감소하였으며, LTLT 처리시 원유, 50 mg, 250 mg 강화우유의 활성 잔존율은 각각 79%, 30%, 21.6%였다. 그러나 9$0^{\circ}C$/15초 이상의 살균 처리시에는 IgG 활성이 거의 파괴되었다. 분말제품의 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$ 용해온도에 따른 IgG 활성 잔존율은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

강황을 첨가한 발효유의 발효특성과 면역조절 효과 (Fermentation Properties and Inflammatory Cytokines Modulating of Fermented Milk with Curcuma longa L Powder)

  • 렌친핸드;손지윤;어르가말;백승희;이조윤;남명수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.75-83
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    • 2015
  • 강황 (Curcuma longa L.)은 건강기능성 식품의 훌륭한 소재로 전통적인 약용식물이다. 강황의 주요성분인 안토시아닌계인 curcumin은 항균작용, 항암작용, 항산화작용 등 다양한 효능이 있는 것으로 알려져있다. 본 연구는 혼합유산균을 스타터로 사용하여 강황 분말을 첨가한 발효유를 제조하여 발효유의 이화학적 특성 및 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. 발효유의 발효특성은 대조군에 비해 강황 첨가군에서 유산균의 성장이 현저히 빠르게 나타나 pH는 감소되었고 산도는 증가하였다. 또한 우유단백질의 분해도 부분적으로 일어났고 유기산은 lactic acid와 acetic acid가 높게 생성되었다. 기호도는 강황 특유의 쓴맛과 강한 향으로 인해 대조군에 비해 낮았다. 강황 발효유 배양액을 처리한 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 세포독성의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 염증성 싸이토카인으로 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6는 강황 처리군이 대조군에 비해 현저히 강하게 발현되었다. 또한 NO의 생성은 강황 처리군이 대조군에 비해 현저히 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 강황 첨가가 유산균의 성장을 촉진시켜 발효유 제조에 도움을 주고, 염증활성을 조절하므로 강황을 이용한 발효유, 음료 제품 및 다양한 기능성 식품 소재로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

홀스타인 육성기에 볏짚 및 톨페스큐 건초 급여가 착유우의 생산성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Rice Straw and Tall Fescue Hay for Holstein Heifers on the Productivity and Economics of Lactating Cow)

  • 유진수;이신자;김현진;이성실
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2024
  • 육성기간 중 볏짚 및 톨페스큐 급여가 착유우의 번식, 비유, 유성분 및 경영에 미치는 영향을 비교했다. 분만간격, 수정횟수 및 공태일수는 볏짚급여군에서 더 길게 나타났으며, 305일 유량 및 비유 peak 유량은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 유지방 함량은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았으나(p<0.001), 유단백질 함량은 유의차가 없었다. 볏짚급여군과 톨페스큐급여군의 유대수입 차이는 산차가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 육성기간 볏짚 급여에 따른 사료비 절감 효과는 없었다. 조사 농가의 우유생산량 및 유대수입은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 결과적으로 사료비 절감을 위한 육성우 기간에 볏짚 급여는 단기적으로 육성우 사료비 절감 효과를 볼 수 있지만, 착유우 생산성적 및 경영성적 저하를 감안하면 장기적으로 목장 운영에 손해를 볼 수 있으므로, 육성우 사양관리의 중요성과 인식 전환이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 육성기 이용 조사료는 가격이 비싼 톨페스큐보다 국내산 조사료를 이용하여 동일한 효과를 볼 수 있도록 육성우용 국내산 조사료의 생산 및 이용에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

Ultrafiltration을 이용한 Gouda Cheese의 제조 (Manufacture of Gouda Cheese from the Concentrated Milk by the Use of Ultrafiltration)

  • 이용림;김상필;박희경;허태련
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 1994
  • In this study we compared traditional cheesemaking process with the process utilizing ultrafiltration(UF) system. The whole milk retentates were prepared by ultrafiltration to volume concentration ratio(VCR) of 2.00:1, 2.25:1 and 2.50:1. Along with the untreated whole milk, there were studies in terms of the change of pH, titratable acidity and Soxhlet-Henkel($\circ $SH) value by mesophilic lactic starter and curd formation by rennet during Gouda cheese manufacture. Due to the increase of buffering effect titratable acidity and $\circ $SH value increased with the higher concentration ratio. When inoculated with the same volume of mesophilic lactic starter, less pH change occurred in UF retentates than in control milk. When added 0.0025% rennet, UF retentates coagulated 16~ 17 minutes ealier then the control milk. Gouda cheese yield from raw milk and UF retentates was 12.5~13.1% equally, but yield efficiency of UF retentate cheese was slightly higher than that of the raw milk cheese. Quantity of whey from retentate cheese was inversely related to VCR. But whey from retentate cheese contained higher percentage of amjor components than that from control milk cheese. In early ripening, the concentrations of lactose and soluble nitrogen compound were higher in retentate cheeses. Lactose content of control milk cheese was 3.49% and that of 2.00:1. 2.25:1, 2.50:1 VCR retentate was 3.77%, 4.89%, 7.03%, respectively. Thus, the more concentrated cheese contained a higher amount of lactose and all the lactose was hyerolyzed durion 35-day ripenion period. Soluble nitrogen compound of control milk cheese was 1.22% and that of UF cheeses was 1.82~2.06%. After 20-day ripening, soluble nitrogen compound increased starply in UF cheese.

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