• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2004

Each Local public heal public health service center is in difficult situation on programing and performing of local public health service. The purpose of research is to inquire of the present state of local public health service and search long-term developmental methods. The first, in order to accomplish this purpose, I distributed questionnaires to Korean medical doctors, who are worked in public health service center and researched that. The second, based on these findings, I proposed planning for upcoming project for activating local public health service on Korean medicine.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose the reasonable method for effective public building construction process. Public building service administration is necessary to make efficient public building supply and demand program. As a result, current public building precess need four steps(organize public assets, various process, establish public building service administration, design criteria). 1. Planning phase : Participation of Private Experts is guaranteed to enhance public building's function such as welfare, entertainment. 2. Design Phase : Detailed design review makes efficient and user oriented public building. 3. Construction Phase : Public Architect solve various problems among the participator especially in case of government local building construction. In conclusion, well formulated design criteria and Public building service administration make public building efficient in various field.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.10
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• pp.39-70
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• 1983

The concept of the public library defined by the Korean Library Association does not describe the current state of the Korean public library but describes the public libraries in the western society. Korean public library was formed after the western public library but it was modified and reconciled with the tradition of Korea. The difference between the concepts occured in the acculturation process of the Korean public library. According to the International Encyclopeadia of the Social Sciences, acculturation comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous firsthand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either of both groups. Korea opened its door to western world in 1876, and it began to contact with the western world. As the consequence, the concept of the public library of the West diffused to Lee Dynasty which were characterized by the confucianism and the extended family system. These two characteristics were against the public library concept and it could not function as it was and it had to be modified to fit to Korean society. The American public library was formed by the diffusion of English public library. The concept fitted in the colonial American society which was characterized by the Christianity and nuclear family system. Religion and family life were closely knitted together and they contributed much to the formation of the American public library. Also the society needed various information to form their new nation. The need of the public library grew and the public library repidly developed as the American society was urbanized and industrialized. The changes of Korean public library has passed the following process of acculturation. 1. The Korean culture contacted with Western world. 2. The public library concept diffused to Korea, but the people were illiterate and the need of the public library was for the preservation of the old books. The collection was not for people. 3. The function of the public library in Korea was altered slightly as several intellectuals who formed the first modern public library tried to literate Koreans as a means of liberation :from Japan through the library service. 4. The traditional libraries such as sodandg and hyangyo disorganized and finally disappeared as the traditional elements of the culture disappeared and the new cultural elements prevailed in Korea. 5. When the traditional elements of culture were disorganized, a reinterpretation of the diffused culture appeared. With the appearance of the vouth group which was not existed in the traditional society, cultural facilities for them were needed. They began to use public library as their reading rooms. This pattern has been institutionalized ever since in Korean public library. 6. When the new element of the culture spread, the traditional cultural elements react against this element. As the new public libraries sprung out, there were movements to restore the old Korean tradition of the family libraries and Hyangyo to counteract to the new libraries. This movements were not successful and they all disappeared as they could not keep up the rapid social change occurred in the Korean society. 7. In the process of the cultral change, cultural lag occurred between the public library and the users who could not adopt to the new library. This has been continued to the present time. 8. This diffused concept of the public library was modified and became native to Korean society. However, the acculturation of the public library concept has not changed the traditional ideas of Korean people and their behavior. The Korean society recently has been changing rapidly and the function of the Korean public library is improving accordingly; 1. The extended Korean family system is disorganizing. As the consequence, the public library could substitute the family system offering information and recreation service, etc. 2. The growth of educated population is requiring a variety of library materials. An individual library can not meet the needs of them and cooperative library service will be needed to share resources. The public library will become the center of the cooperative service. 3. The Koreans are watching TV more hours than they read printed materials. For them, the public library needs to collect audiovisual materials. Especially the teaching materials should be all audiovisualized for the effective teaching. 4. Technology is developing rapidly in Korea, especially computer technology is applied in many parts of the society. This will also influence library service. The public library will be developing as the centralized library computer system. When the Korean public library functions as the extended family system and the center of the cooperative library system, the Korean public library will be functioning as the public library defined by the Korean Library Association.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-214
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• 2012

The New Public Health(NPH) is a comprehensive approach to protecting and promoting the health status of each individual member and society as a whole. NHP is not so much a philosophy to broaden the understanding of public health as it is an action plan to address current public health system. This paper's objectives include increasing public and professional awareness of the significant changes in the national public health systems of developed countries and contributing to more effective delivery of public health services in Korea. This paper reviews articles and documents concerning NPH and the public health system, and outlines of the achievements in developed countries since NPH movement began. These include the change in the definition and function of public health, expansion of public health networks, strengthening of public health policy, reorientation of public health delivery systems, promotion of workforce capacity, and the implementation of evidence-based management. To overcome the challenges facing the public health system of Korea, we must prioritize the value of population-based approach, expand the notion of a public health system to encompass all sectors that can influence health, promote a "Health in All Policies" approach, focus on an evidence-based health policy and program, develop core competencies for public health workers, and establish performance standards for public health organizations based on the core functions of public health.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.377-398
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• 2013

In terms of expanding the infrastructure of public libraries, building many small-size libraries is more efficiency than building a small number of big size libraries. Korean public libraries have been built in big-size in compare to the public libraries in the developed countries. This study aims to analyse why the majority of the Korean public libraries have been built in middle and large size and the floor space of 791 public libraries were examined. It was revealed that the average floor space of 791 public libraries is $2,495m^2$. The study aims to find what policy on library building should be considered to expand effectively the infrastructure of public libraries.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2022

Throughout the six decades evolution of the public diplomacy concept, international relations approaches have remained at the margins of the field. An important international relations theory that has been virtually non-existent in the public diplomacy literature is the English School of international relations. This theory has been the centerpiece of literature in diplomatic studies, but curiously, has not been applied to public diplomacy. In this editorial, I outline a public diplomacy framework for global governance issues that builds on the English School and Pamment's framework on the intersection of international development and public diplomacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.23
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• pp.263-301
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• 1992

In recent years, Korean public libraries, placed under changing circumstances, require that some new and positive financial policies be formulated for the improvement of their services. T he purpose of this study is to propose a scheme to ensure the revenues of Korean public libraries. The main contents of this study are as follows : (1) Public finance theory is applied to the question of why the public library is publicly supported. The public library does not contribute to stabilization, but it does playa role in each of the other public sector functions : allocation of resources and redistribution of income. In public finance terms there is justification for at least partial subsidy of public library services, which have the attributes of public goods, merit goods and externalities. (2) Public libraries in Korea find themselves suffering from limited budgets. They are neglected in national and local budgets. The lack of adequate funding for library collections prevents libraries from rendering efficient services. (3) In order to put the finances of the Korean public library system on a firm basis, the following proposals are made: 1) It is proposed that the parallel administration under which public libraries are organized be unified to be directly under the local governments. 2) It is proposed that the legislative and administrative system for public library finance be strengthened. (1) Library expenses should be itemized independently in the calculation of general grants-in-aid to local governments. (2) A fixed portion of the total municipal revenue should be appropriated for public library services. It can be executed by making provisions expressly in the annual guidelines for budgeting, municipal ordinances, or in the Library Promotion Law. The rate of allocation should be specified as a part of the national public library development plan. (3) Library tax as a local tax can be imposed. An indirect tax is preferable in order to avoid public misunderstanding and antagonism. 3) The augmentation of the specific grants-in-aid for the public library is proposed. The Library Promotion Law and the Law on Budget and Administration of Grants should be amended to oblige the central government to give financial assistance to local public libraries. 4) It is proposed that strategies to encourage private endowments be worked out. Revision of the Law on Tax Reduction and Exemption and the activation of an advisory library committee at each public library are recommended. 5) Funding and utilization of the envisioned Library Promotion Foundation is proposed. Government contributions, contributions from the Culture and Arts Foundation, and donations from individuals, corporations, and enterprises can be considered as the financial resources of the Foundation. 6) It is proposed that the structure of the Korean Library Association be consolidated to exercise greater influence over the formation of national policy on the public library system. 7) It is proposed as an ultimate guarantee of the health of the public libraries that the citizenry be educated to strongly support library services in responce to the active services provided by the public libraries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.76-86
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• 2012

21st century has different characters from 20th century which was an era of machine and rationality based on the industrial revolution. With the advent of the digital revolution, it became an era of pluralism, culture, and emotion. The digital technology made it possible to connect the whole world together in real time and brought about the entirely new notion of time and space. It also dramatically altered the world view. Now we have a different set of social and cultural values from the past. This paper researched the influences of these social and cultural changes on public designs. The leading trends of public designs were analyzed and the successful cases were studied. The main research methodologies were the document review and the instrumental case study. The major social & cultural paradigms of a present era were classified as 'pluralism', 'digital & information revolution', 'human-centered value (against machine-centered value of 20th century)', and 'organic world view'. Each of the classified paradigms was analyzed more to find out the influences on the various trends of public designs. 'Pluralism' has influence on 'experiential public design', 'community art', and 'public design of local values'. 'Digital & information revolution' has influence on 'content-centered public design', 'smart public design', 'immaterial public design', and 'performance in public design'. 'Human-centered value' has influence on 'universal design approach in public design', and 'emotional public design'. 'Organic world view' has influence on 'sustainable public design', and 'ecological public design'.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 1996

Group of 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was given daily intravenous injections of different dosage of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761), 7.5 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 15 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), or 30 mg/kg/day (high dosage group)for 3 month by tail vein according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4. 14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of rats of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight. No histopathological lesions were seen in both control and treatment groups. Our results strongly suggest that no toxic changes were found in rat treated intravenously with Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)for 3 month.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of impartiality in providing public health services on subjective health happiness and the mediated effects of public health service quality. Based on this, this study intends to present policy implications to improve public health services. Methods: The research method is multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis of the mediating effects is performed by Baron & Kenny's test, Sobel-Goodman's test, and Bootstrap. Results: The impartiality of public health services and the quality of public health services are shown to have a statistically significant effect on subjective health happiness. Quality of public health service appears to be mediating the relationship between impartiality in providing public health care and subjective health happiness. Conclusion: To promote people's subjective health happiness, it is necessary to secure impartiality in providing public health services in the first place and improve the quality of public health services.