• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2017

This study examines the mobility of the disadvantaged population groups in terms of public transportation using the 2014 smart card data in Seoul, Korea. Particularly, we focus on the disadvantaged population such as senior group, junior group, and low-income population group. Based on the spatial distributions of public transportation mobility levels and the disadvantaged population groups, we identify specific areas where public transportation service should be improved for the disadvantaged population. As a result, we identify 15 administrative-dongs where the ratio of the disadvantaged population is high while the mobility index of public transit is low. The main contributions of this study are as follows. First, we use the smart card data which contains the information of actual trip made by individuals and develop the evaluation process of urban mobility for the disadvantaged population groups. Second, we identify the specific areas where public transportation service should be improved for the different group of the disadvantaged population. Lastly, we discuss policy implications to improve the urban mobility of the disadvantaged population.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.127-143
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• 2016

This study explored the variability in the accuracy of dasymetric population estimation with different grid cell sizes. Dasymetric population maps for Fulton County, Georgia in the US were generated from 30m to 420m at intervals of 30m using an automated intelligent dasymetric mapping technique, population data, and original and simulated land use and cover data. The accuracies of dasymetric population maps were evaluated using RMSE and adjusted RMSE statistics. Lumped fractal dimension values were calculated for the dasymetric population maps generated from resolutions of 30m to 420m using the triangular prism surface area (TPSA) method. The results show that a grid cell size of 210m or smaller is required to estimate population more accurately in terms of thematic accuracy, but a grid cell size of 30m is required to meet an acceptable spatial accuracy of dasymetric population estimation in the study area. The fractal analysis also indicates that a grid cell size of 120m is the optimal resolution for dasymetric population estimation in the study area.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

The PCR analysis was performed on DNA samples extracted from a total of 20 individuals using six oligonucleotides primers. The author accomplished clustering analyses to reveal the Euclidean genetic distances among four clam populations from Gochang, Seocheon, Taean and Anmyeon of the Korean peninsula. The oligonucleotides primer OPA-08 generated 5 unique loci to each population, approximately 550 bp and 600 bp, respectively, in the MCS population. Especially, the primer OPA-20 generated 15 unique loci to each population, which were identifying each population, approximately 400 bp, 750 bp and 800 bp, in the MCT population. Individuals from MCG clam population ($0.637{\pm}0.227$) exhibited higher band-sharing values than did individuals from MCG clam population ($0.402{\pm}0.115$) (P<0.05). The dendrogram obtained by the six oligonucleotides primers indicates four genetic clusters: cluster 1 (MCG 01, 02, 04 and 05), cluster 2 (MCS 06, 07, 08, 09 and 10), cluster 3 (MCT 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15) and cluster 4 (MCA 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and MCG 03). Among the twenty clam individuals, the shortest genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals 14 and 15 from the MCT population (genetic distance = 0.094), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals MCG no. 01 and MCG no. 02 (genetic distance = 0.687). Comparatively, individuals of MCS clam population were fairly closely related to that of MCT clam population, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of zinc in collembolan Paronychiurus kimi at the individual (survival and juvenile production) and population (population growth and age structure) levels after 28 days of exposure in artificially spiked soil. These toxic effects were interpreted in conjunction with the internal zinc concentrations in P. kimi. The EC₅₀ value for juvenile production based on the total zinc concentration was 457 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, while the LC₅₀ value for adult survival and r_i=0 value for population growth were within the same order of magnitude (2,623 and 1,637 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, respectively). Significant differences in adult survival, juvenile production, and population growth compared with the control group were found at concentrations of 1,500, 375, and 375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry or higher, respectively, whereas significant differences in the age structure, determined by the proportion of each age group in the population, were observed in all treatment groups. It appeared that the internal zinc level in P. kimi was regulated to some extent at soil zinc concentrations of ≤375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, but not at high soil zinc concentrations. These results indicate that, despite zinc being regulated by P. kimi, excess zinc exceeding the regulatory capacity of P. kimi can trigger changes in the responses at the individual and population levels. Given that population dynamics are affected not only by individual level but also by population level endpoints, it is concluded that the toxic effects of pollutants should be assessed at various levels.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.268-294
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• 1996

Social and population geography in Korea has been developed somewhat later than other special subjects of geography. But in recent years, it has attracted much interests of geographers, and accumulated a considerably large amount of research products. Seen in this context, it is resonable to expect that social and population geography will not only lead the development of geography in the future, but also contribute to the resolution of socio-spatial problems in Korea. From this point of view, we shall retrospect in this paper the progress of social and population geography in Korea since the 1950s, and look out its future prospect and further research tasks. In the first place, we discuss general concepts and major themes of social and population geography, and overview its development process, and than review in more details some important research products which would be categorized into five main subjects, that is, research methodology, urbanization and urban population phenomena, population movement and changing rural life, residential differentiation and urban redevelopment, and urban social life and regional social well-being. Finally, we consider briefly the future prospect and further tasks of social and population geography in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.559-570
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of population change on waste emission in the case of Busan City. The results are as follows : First, population and waste emission in Busan City Show decreasing pattern since 1995. According to increase or decrease of population and waste emission, The 16 Gus in Busan City are categorited into 5 types. Comparing the difference of population and waste emission between 1995 and 2003, we find out a similar trend by 16 Gus in Busan City. Second, the waste emission shows the positive relation with the number of population and the land by use. But there exists multicollinearity between population and the land by use, and the population is considered the main factor of waste emission. Third, the population causes 92% or more of the waste emission in Busan City, and future researches are required for the additional causes of waste generation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1972

Yellow croacker, Tseudociaena manchurica Jordan et Thompson in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are subjected to be caught by trawl nets throughout the year. First indices of population size in every period 8re calculated. Considering present status of the yellow croacker fishery and ecology of the fish, mathematical models must have been established in order to determine catchability coefficient, natural m ortali ty, fishing mortality, recrui ting coefficient of the fish ing ground, and dispersion coefficienl from the fishing ground. The results an, summmarized as follows: Catchabil i ty coefficient $(C) = 2. 2628 {\times} 10^{-5}$ Natural mortality (M)=0.3293 Population for lhe first half season(July 1st to the following January 3lst) Initial population = 14, 621 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Recruitment =45, 597 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Natural mortality = 8, 660 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Final population =42, 970 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Population for the latter 1131f scason(February 1st to June 30th) Initial population = 69, 170 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Dispersion =51, 688 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Natural mortality = 6, 082 $/\frac{M}{T}$ Final population = 1, 802 $/\frac{M}{T}$.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases in adults. Methods: The subjects were 6,762 adults over 19 years old selected from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The study instruments included periodontal status of periodontal diseases, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Periodontal status was evaluated by community periodontal index (CPI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases was higher in male, older aged people, undereducated people, current smokers, and those having poor cognition for toothbrushing (p<0.001). The rate of obesity by BMI and WC was higher in male, older aged people and current smokers. The rate of obesity was lower in well-educated people and good practice of toothbrushing (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontal diseases by BMI showed 0.565 times lower in underweight population, 1.302 times higher in overweight population, and 1.311 times higher in highly obese population than normal population. The prevalence of periodontal diseases by waist circumferences showed 1.404 times higher in obese population than the normal population (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is very important to promote periodontal disease prevention and education for obese population in Korea. The risk of periodontal diseases can be preventable by decrease of BMI and WC.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2008

Objective:　We compared the prevalence of injury and poisoning in the agricultural and fishery population with that of the general population.Methods: The national health insurance data and agricultufor this study. The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was used to compare the prevalence of all injuries and poisonings of the agricultural and fishery population with that of the general population for the year 2002, as well as the prevalence of certain injuries and poisonings common to the agricultural and fishery population. The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio and 95% confidence intervals were attained by using the general population as the standard population group.Results: The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio of total injuries and poisonings was significantly high in the agriculture and fishery population. The standardized morbidity ratio was 137.6 in the male agriculture and fishery population and 123.3 in the female agriculture and fishery population. In terms of injuries and poisonings common to the agriculture and fishery population, the age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was significantly high regarding the dislocations and strains of lumbar spine/pelvis, shoulder and neck, the fracture of rib/thoracic spine/sternum and pesticide poisoning.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of injury/poisoning was significantly higher in the agriculture and fishery population than in the general population. Various forms of research should be conducted on the injuries of the agriculture and fishery population in the future. In order to compare the differences in the prevalence rates of injuries according to time and region, standard definitions of injuries and occupation related injuries are required.