• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

We can expect reduction of the sunlight absorption quantity to a structure and an earth surface, a decline of the surface temperature and a decline of the heat transport volume in what there is a method I give the sunlight reflectance in the aspect to the surface of the building by painting sunlight high reflectance paint, and to reduce the sunlight absorption quantity to a structure and an earth surface and does so, and, in addition, a method high water retentivity of tree planting and the road surface of the city space uses evaporation latent heat of the water by making it, and to restrain a rise in temperature is thought about. and It is thought that I reduce the sunlight absorption quantity to not only the structure but also other structures and attention gathers to the reflexive reflector reflecting in the direction again and it is wide as a marker of a board and the clothing of the traffic sign and is used the incidence energy from a source of light for this reflexive reflector now by there is it and devises surface structure again, and controlling reflection directivity for the sunlight for the purpose of raising night visibility.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.4 s.55
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• pp.357-363
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• 2006

Chromium compounds are widely used in diverse industries including pigment manufacturing, painting, metal plating and leather tanning. With the wide uses of chromium, various adverse effects of the compounds on the environment and human health have been reported. Among them, hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], which is a carcinogenic heavy metal, has been widely studies. Epidemiological investigations have shown that respiratory cancers had been found in workers who had been occupationally exposed to Cr (VI). In this study, cell toxicity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Cr (VI) (1, 2, 4, $8{\mu}M$) in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells were investigated. Exposure of the cells to Cr (VI) led to cell death, ROS increase, and cytosolic caspase-3 activation. The ROS increase was related with the decreased level of GSH. Chromatin condensation and fragmentation were occurred by Cr (VI) when evaluated by DAPI staining or agarose gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA. Expression of ROS related genes including glutathione S-transferase, heme oxygenase-1, metallothionein were significantly induced in Cr (VI) treated cells. This result suggests the toxicity in cultured cells by Cr (VI) was expressed through the apoptotic process with ROS induction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1984

It was the purpose of this study to determine the galvanic current between a gold alloy inlay and four types of amalgam using the circuit through pulp chambers when the freshly extracted teeth with those restorations were brought into contact in a physiologic saline solution, and to investigate the effectiveness of cavity varnish or ammonated silver-nitrate on the surface of amalgam restoration in reducing galvanic current. The current was measured with current-to-voltage converter and recored on a physiograph 6630-257. The following results were obtained. 1. Generally, galvanic current decreased as the time elapsed. 2. Galvainc current decreased significantly in the first day and after then minimal change was observed until 30th day. 3. Initial galvanic current was 29.6 ${\mu}A$ in the cut amalgam and 24.5 ${\mu}A$ in Dispersalloy amalgam and after then the current was significantly decreased. 4. Initial galvanic current was 12.6 ${\mu}A$ in spherical amalgam (low copper amalgam) and 13.8 ${\mu}A$ in Tytin amalgam and the amount of change was lower in sperical amalgam and Tytin amalgam than that in lathe cut amalgam and Dispersalloy amalgam. 5. Painting ammoniated silver-nitrate or Copalite on the surface of amalgam resotration decreased initial galvanic current and ammoniated silver-nitrate is more effective in decreasing galvanic current than Copalite. 6. Galvanic current by contact between amalgam restoration and gold restoration increased abruptly and dropped rapidly becoming almost.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2009

Recently, public interest in housing defects, such as construction errors, occupiers' complaints, faults in production, and so on, is increasing. In addition, the construction requirements of high-rise residential buildings have increased, due to the higher prices of urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas. While previous research has focused on the defects occurring in apartment housing complexes, research has not been carried out on the defects occurring in high-rise residential buildings. In this paper, the defects patterns and characteristics of high-rise residential buildings are examined and analyzed and a defect management plan is then suggested. In order to do this, we collected the defects data of high-rise residential buildings recorded by 2,299 of 2,327 occupants. The defect occurrence rate (DOR) in the residential area is 98.8%. The frequency rate of defect occurrence over the total defect occurrence since building completion is 63.28% during the first year, 24.63% (second year), 6.88% (third year), 2.27% (fourth year), and 2.53% (fifth year). The result of correlation analysis between work types showed that there is a relationship between the built-in furniture and electronics (F&E) and painting works, and the F&E and masonry works, such as marble finishing. We expect that this research will assist in the efforts to decrease the number of defects in high-rise buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 2020

Seonjeong-jeon, the semi-great hall in Changdeok Palace, was constructed in a highly formal and conservative style and accommodated official ceremonies. However, the contemporary modification of the building has distorted or eliminated features including the two side doors on the front, the floor coverings, and the throne base (Jwa-tap) that consisted the most significant part of the throne. Seonjeong-jeon originally had three doors that stood between each pair of columns on the front side, respectively. The courtiers accessed the building through the side doors, while the central door was exclusively designated for the king. However, the renovation in 1999 ignored the political context of the architectural form of the building and changed the side doors into windows, damaging the traditional structure inherited from the early Joseon Dynasty. Although the building currently has traditional wooden floor structure (Woomul-maru), it was originally covered with square brick tiles (Bang-jeon) before the Japanese occupation, following the customs of early Joseon Dynasty. The throne was placed to the north of the central door and consisted of the throne base and a decorative roof (Dang-ga). A canvas (Jang-ja), which featured the royal symbolic painting of Sun, Moon, and Five Peaks, was also installed between the two columns that connected the base and the roof. Nevertheless, only the columns and the blank canvas remain nowadays after the removal of the base.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.63-79
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• 2012

Modern art is getting more comprehensive and diversified regardless of genre in many forms due to the pluralism and anti-aesthetic trend of the time which is impacted by post modernism. This atmosphere is also applied to fashion illustration which creates synergy effect in cooperation with many different genres. This study selected Matisse' paper cut-out as the subject which would reflect the minimalism and ionism of modern plasticity. By taking this as the motive for fashion illustration, I made seven illustration works with the subject of minimalism of form and color. The conclusion of this study is as following. First, Matisse's paper cut out has controlled plasticity related to the modern ionism and it well fits the modern trend and sensibility which is appropriate for motive of fashion illustration. Second, by upgrading the technique of Matisse' paper cut-out in a modern way such as combination of hand drawing and computer graphic using Photoshop, I was able to make originative and creative illustration works with background and patterns that were closely connected with each other. Third, applying the fashion illustration to other various products is being well received now and I made my illustrations that could lead to follow up studies to apply the fashion illustration to other different products. Matisse' paper cut-our has forms, colors and patterns that can contain both commercial and artistic value. Therefore it is quite feasible for follow up research to apply into many different areas.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.40-57
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• 2013

In examining the relationship between fashion and art which are intimately interrelated, the body is a suitable subject in that it is the common object of representation. This study investigates and compares the images of the body in Francis Bacon's paintings from 1940s to 1970s and the formative aspect and aesthetic value of the abstract body images in Rei Kawakubo's designs since 1980s. The figures in Bacon's paintings are confusingly and atypically deformed as well as distorted, which are the combinations of the anatomies without references, not so much represented objects as experienced sense. Kawakubo's designs attempt to deform the body, moreover, she transforms the body; represent abstract forms without association with any other figures that exist, emphasizing sculptural or architectural shapes of garment. She suggests extensive visual language of dress by challenging the norms of beauty. The body in Bacon and Kawakubo's works is dispersive as well as complex in that the body images are deconstructed, fragmented, and exaggerated. Respectively, they articulate the perception of the body in postmodernism era by destroying the myth of subject; furthermore establish the aesthetics that transcend conventional ideals by reevaluating as well as refusing the standards of beauty.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-147
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• 2005

This paper introduces a simulation study regarding the operation of the Painted Body Storage (PBS) in an automobile factory. In the paint shop of the factory, same colored bodies are grouped together in order to increase the effectiveness of process, for example decrease the loss of cleaning the painting-gun when the color of body changes from one to another. However the production of automobiles in the assembly shop is a typical example of the mixed model assembly production. Therefore PBS locates between the paint shop and the assembly shop for control the input sequence of bodies to the assembly shop, and it enables to meet the smoothing requirement of assembly sequence. There are highly restricted constraints on the assembly sequence in a assembly shop. Those are spacing restriction and smoothing restriction. If such restrictions are violated, conveyor-stop or utility work will be necessary. Thus the major objective of PBS is to control the assembly sequence in a way to meet the two restrictions. In this paper a case study of PBS in an automotive factory is introduced. The storage/retrieval algorithms are suggested and the proposed system is verified using simulation models. Sensitivity analysis for operating factors is also conducted.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.7
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• pp.71-78
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• 1997

Oil painting shows a wide variety of damages due to differentcohesiveness between materials and different responses to temperature and humidity. The deforming flatness of canvas is a major cause of deterioration. The heat, pressure and moisture, and classical materials which had been traditionally used to correct the deformation of supports have caused damages to the paintings. In modern restoration of paintings, new methods have been developed to avoid the use of such potentially harmful elements. In this paper the correcting of deformed support with the use of low-pressure table, deformation correction frame and new materials, which has been developed both to protect the works and to maximize the effect of restoration.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.366-370
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• 2010

This paper presents an automatic Oriental ink-rendering technique that recreates the artistic style of Oriental paintings from a single image. In Oriental paintings are characterized by strokes with various thickness and disordered dispersion. In this study, a stroke drawing method was developed based on the canny edge detector and radial curvature that are suitable for lines with varied thickness even along a single stroke. A dispersion-shading method was likewise developed by applying a set of iterated dual-filtering, and intensity exaggeration methods. The dispersion-shading method is designed to increase the local shade details, to decrease the global shade. Unlike the existing watercolor-rendering and abstraction system the proposed dispersion-shading method achieves disordered shade details rather than simplification.