• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.511-518
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• 2014

The history of the Korean lighthouse have been known to be begun from which installed by the purpose of the Japanese invasion of the outside. Modern navigational aid system have configured during the Japanese ruling era since the Incheon Palmido Lighthouse was built in 1903 as the first lighthouse in Korea. But in this regard it needs to be considered more carefully. Busan, as the city of international port and of Choryang Waegwan, had been a center of foreign relations between Korea and Japan since early 15th century. Because that reason, International port facility has been developed for a long time ago in Busan for example lighthouse, breakwater, wharf, jetty and so on. Nevertheless the lack of historical data and basic research related to the marine caused the proper history could not be established until now. In recently the basic translation of Korean Maritime Customs documents started to finish, and a compilation book of old pictorial maps on Choryang Waegwan was issued. As a result, more objective history of Busan Aids to Navigation can be investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1997

This study extracts the several informations by computerizing the maps of the new city, i.e. Yang-San, MuI-Gum. This cities are being constructed by Land Coporation, and a map of province based on 1:50,000 scales were digitalized depending on topography by digitizer. Several information was taken, by computerizing a existing design maps, with digitalized maps used. Also, there is map number based on each scale, and measure a settlement of the foundation for constructing a facility in a study region, then intend to use information. This paper aims at using old data such as ancient writing books by computerization permanently.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.81-101
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of a geographic experiential activity program on the ability to represent and to read maps(directions, perspectives, and symbols). The subjects were 44 5-year-old kindergarten children assigned to an experimental or a control group, with 22 children in each group. The geographic experiential activity program was developed and applied to the experimental group for 4 weeks. Results indicated that the experimental group was higher in reading and representing maps than the control group. Through the geographic experiential activity program, children came to be concerned about their living space, to be able to read and comprehend a simple map, and to represent a basic map with the use of directions, perspectives, and symbols.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39-53
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to interpret the townscape of Kyungju based on the urban images captured by citizens. 58 verval interviews and 50 sketch maps were collected and analized comparing with York which was a similar old city in England. In the verbal questions, elements like tombs, historic remains, families and historic values were frequently mentioned mainly because of their social and historic meaning. But in the sketch maps, physical elements like railroad station, city hall, roundabouts and streets were more frequently appeared probably because of their visibility. As a whole, many tombs which were built long ago in and around the city were commonly mentioned in verbal questions, sketch maps and even in nicknames. As the most dominant factors, it can be compared with York Minster in York. But whereas the shopping streets in York were very attractive to the people, many streets in Kyungju were regarded as dirty and inharmonious elements in townscape. In conclusion, we can call Kyungju 'the city of tombs', but to evoke the sense of place in the city the streets should be improved and activated as the center of city life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.274-282
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• 2007

Although many korean cities are getting interested in promoting its attractiveness as a tourism destination, they have little distinguishing attractiveness. In order to reinvigorate competitive urban tourism, developing more charming tourism resources and studying urban contents including its historicity and regionalism regarded as an effective means. By examining old maps therefore, the purpose of this study is to indicate competitive contents of urban tourism focused on the case of Gangneung.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.165-183
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• 2010

For the study of the development of Asia map made by european map makers, one should consider Gog and Magog which existed in the maps for more than 700 years. Gog and Magog are described as an apocalyptic people in the Bible and medieval literature, and they are important elements in medieval mappaemundi and early modem world maps. This study classified representation types of Gog and Magog in old western maps. Maps were classed in to six categories according to the location and ethnic groups which they represent, and they were discussed in cartographic context. The maps until the fourteenth century place Gog and Magog, shut up by Alexander, near Caspian Sea. In the fifteenth century, Gog and Magog were described as Closed Jews in maps. From the sixteenth century they appear in the far northeastern part of Asia and they are named as Amagog or Ung and Mongul. In the mid-seventeenth century, they are located in Eastern Siberia by French cartographers. But with the expansion of geographic knowledge, Gog and Magog disappeared completely in the eighteenth century. In general, God and Magog were represented on the basis of traditional lore rather than on the Bible, and they became one means of mapping others of European community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.225-233
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• 1999

Harbor design and construction plan in Korea becomes the most hot issue both in the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office and in the related port industries. Production of the plane and cross section maps together with the profile map for harbor project is done firstly and is important in all procedure because it is the most basic datum in counting the constructional expense for determination of the area and capacity. As the expense assigned on surveying part among the total expenses of harbor planning and construction in Korea is very small, it is difficult to make exact maps. Moveover, because the method used to make such maps is mostly traditional surveying such as plane table surveying , offset surveying, stadia surveying and level surveying, etc, it is difficult to get precise three dimensional maps. Therefore, for making more precise map in the harbor project, we have to use the newest surveying equipment. This study discusses the method of old surveying and recent surveying used for the three dimensional map of the site for lighthouse which gives navigational aids for the in-and out-bound ships. The authors are proposing a method for more precise three dimensional positioning in this study.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.511-538
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• 2004

The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of place-names in old map of Andong-Bu mapped in Chosun Dynasty. A place-name is a linguistic expression whose function is to identify a topographic feature. The place-names in old map of Andong-Bu normally involve physical, administrative, military, economic, transport, and cultural features. The cultural place-names are more meaningful in Andong-Bu which was a center of confucianism in Chosun Dynasty. The generic place-names, including cultural place-names such as school, pavilion, temple, etc., served as indicators to identify regional characteristics of Andong in the past and present. A study on the place-names, using old maps, is regarded as advisable attempt in regional approach in geography.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2003

Ecological concepts were embedded in the old Korean maps and other documents. The concepts may represent ecological views which people had at the time. Through those ecological views, we propose that we can see a watershed concept in old Korean maps. We also discuss relevant records to understand the history of this concept. While many scholars have highlighted in the Baekdoodaegan frame only the pan of the mountain ranges, we are pointing out other perspectives. Our emphasis is that the concept is explicitly related to a watershed concept. An old Korean map shows that people at that time divided the Korean Peninsula into many watersheds, which was as early as 1402. We can even say that the idea is identified in a literal document written in the 12th century. It is hypothesized that a typical Korean landscape configuration was developed in the arrangement of village and surrounding landscape elements situated in a watershed. In addition, we suggest that the view had some negative effects on the current society. Even though the ideas of our ancestor are something to be praised, further study is needed to improve it in a wise manner.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.337-351
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• 2021

On September 12, 2016, the Gyeongju earthquake occurred in the south-eastern region of the Korean peninsula. The event was ranked as the largest magnitude earthquake (=5.8) since instrumental recording was started by the Korean Metrological Administration (KMA) in 1978. The objective of this study is to provide information obtained from the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and to propose a procedure estimating seismic risk of a typical old RC building for past and potential earthquakes. Ground motions are simulated using the point source model at 4941 grid locations in the Korean peninsula that resulted from the Gyeongju earthquake and from potential future earthquakes with the same hypocenter considering different soil conditions. Nonlinear response history analyses are conducted for each grid location using a three-story gravity-designed reinforced concrete (RC) frame that most closely represents conventional old school and public buildings. Then, contour maps are constructed to present the seismic risk associated with this building for the Gyeongju earthquake and potential future scenario earthquakes. These contour maps can be useful in the development of a mitigation plan for potential earthquake damage to school and public buildings at all grid locations on the Korean peninsula.