• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The practical use of Korean native black goat skin as a source of gelatin extraction is limited. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction temperature and time of gelatin from Korean native black goat skin, and to compare the quality characteristics of goat skin gelatin and other commercial gelatin products. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction temperature and time of gelatin obtained from native Korean black goat skin. The effects of temperature (50℃-70℃) and time (2-4 h) on extraction yield and gel strength were investigated using a face-centered central composite design with 13 experiments. Gelatin extraction from Korean native black goat skin was prepared through the serial processes of alkali pre-treatment, bleaching, neutralization, hot-water extraction, and freeze-drying. Using the optimization plot of Minitab software, the optimized conditions for extracting temperature and time of goat skin gelatin were 59.49℃ and 3.03 h, and the optimized values of extraction yield and gel strength were 12.52% and 263.37 g, respectively. Based on a quality comparison of goat skin gelatin with commercial gelatin, the pH value of gelatin extracted from Korean native black goat skin was 5.57. The color of gelatin extracted from Korean native black goat skin was darker than that of commercial gelatin (p<0.05). Higher emulsifying properties and gel strength of goat skin gelatin were observed when compared to those of commercial gelatin (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that Korean native black goat skin may be a valuable source for gelatin extraction.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.693-702
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and distance of the Korean native black goat line. Thus far, this Korean native black goat line has not been studied intensively, especially in genetic diversity and relationship studies in comparison with other breeds. In total, eleven microsatellite (MS) markers were used to evaluate alleles from 391 Korean native black goats and foreign hybrid animals. The genetic diversity index was evaluated based on the allele distributions. Four Korean native black goat lines showed expected ranges of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values for use in genetic diversity research (0.509 - 0.643, 0.434 - 0.623 and 0.356 - 0.567). Lines from the Korean native black goat and foreign hybrid were clearly separated according to principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), phylogenetic tree and tended to be clustered in each Korean native black goat line. Thus, this study can be used for analyzing the genetic relationships between Korean native black goats and foreign breeds for line preservation and for fundamental information to determine breed improvement strategies.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity and relationships of Korean native black goat (n = 58), compared with the exotic breed, Boer (n = 97). For the analysis of genetic characterization 11 microsatellite markers (MAF065, INRA063, CSRD247, OarFCB20, SRCRSP5, INRA006, ILSTS008, ILSTS011, INRA005, ILSTS087, SRCRSP8) were genotyped. The number of alleles was observed 3 (INRA005) to 10 (SRCRSP8) each markers. The mean expected and observed heterozygosity (H_exp and H_obs) and polymorphism information content (PIC) for the Korean native black goat breed varied from 0.551 to 0.860, 0.517 to 0.948 and 0.464 to 0.835, respectively. Principal Components Analysis (PCoA) and FCA results showed that Korean native black goat breed was confirmed to be clearly separated from bore breed. These results were scientific evidence that Korean native black goat represents a unique and valuable animal genetic resource.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1007-1011
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 재래흑염소 집단인 당진, 장수, 통영 및 경상대 계통과 교잡종 염소 계통 또는 해외품종의 개체 식별을 위한 유전적 다양성과 관계 조사 및 검증을 위해 수행하였다. 각 염소 집단에 존재하는 Monomorphic SNP를 수집한 이후 공통적으로 존재하는 SNP 133개를 선발하여 분석에 이용하였다. Monomorphic SNP 133개를 통한 재래흑염소와 교잡종 염소의 유전적 구조 차이를 나타냈으며, 주성분 분석 결과 재래흑염소와 교잡종 염소가 명확히 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 참조집단 이외의 70두(Native Korean goat = 24, Cross breed = 46)로 구성된 검증집단을 분석한 결과 국내 재래흑염소 계통의 참조집단과 동일한 유전적 구조를 나타냈으며, 교잡종 염소의 경우 참조집단의 일부 유전적 구성을 공유하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 재래흑염소의 경우는 하나의 군집을 형성한 반면 해외 품종 및 교잡종 계통의 경우 재래흑염소 계통에 비해 넓게 퍼져 군집을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과는 국내 재래흑염소 유전자원 집단을 보존을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고 추후 유전적 다양성을 고려한 염소의 개량을 위한 기초자료로 유용하게 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.988-999
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• 2019

To investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits by age of Korean native black goat (KNBG), four muscles (longissimus dorsi, LD; psoas major, PM; semimembranosus, SM; gluteus medius, GM) were obtained from five adult goat (AG; 18 months old) and five young goat (YG; 9 months old). PM muscle had the highest fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of type I, followed by SM, GM, and LD muscles. FNP and FAP of type IIB were significantly (p<0.001) higher in AG than those in YG. YG had higher L^* values but lower b^* values than AG. The highest L^* and b^* values were observed in LD muscle (p<0.001). Age and muscle type had detrimental (p<0.001) effect on shear force and collagen content for all muscle in AG as compared to YG. YG had significantly (p<0.001) higher myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) than AG for all four muscles. These results suggest that muscle fiber compositions of different muscle types of KNBG depend on age, resulting in variations of meat color, MFI, collagen content, and shear force.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 춘계심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period (1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 수정란의 위생적 처리·검사 및 특수가축의 수정란이식 기술 심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period(1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2002

본 연구는 AFLP-PCR 유전자 지문분석 기법을 이용하여 우리나라 고유의 동물유전자원으로서 재래흑염소의 품종 및 흑염소육 감별을 위한 품종 특이적 DNA marker를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 흑염소로부터 추출한 genomic DNA를 EcoR I/Hind III 및 Taq I/Hind III 2종류의 제한효소 조합으로 이중 절단한 후 10종류의 two selective primer조합형을 이용하여 분석한 결과 각 printer 조합형당 검출된 AFLP band의 수는 36~74개의 범위로 평균 55.5개였다. 그리고 검출된 총 555개의 band 가운데 polymorphic band의 수는 149 개로 다형성 수준은 약 26.8%로 추정되었다. 재래흑염소 품종 특이적인 AFLP marker를 탐색하고자 육용종 수입흑염소 및 4품종의 유용종 염소와 AFLP 지문양상을 비교 검토한 결과 M13/H13 primer 조합형에서 2.01과 1.26 kb의 2개 band 그리고 E35/H14 primer 조합형에서 1.65 kb의 1개 band가 재래흑염소의 품종 특이적 AFLP marker로 검출되었다. 그리고 E35/H14 primer 조합형에서 수입흑염소의 2.19, 2.03, 0.96 및 0.87 kb band, Saanen종의 2.13 kb band, Nubian종의 2.08 kb band는 각 해당 품종에만 특이적으로 출현하는 품종 특이적 band로 확인되었다. 또한, E35/H13 primer 조합형에서 재래흑염소를 특히, Saanen종과 식별이 가능한 4개의 DNA band가 확인되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 AFLP-PCR 기법을 이용하여 검출한 품종 특이적 DNA band들은 우리나라 재래흑염소, 수입흑염소 및 유용종 염소품종들간에 명확히 구별되어 재래종 흑염소 육과 육제품의 품종판별에 매우 유용한 DNA marker로 이용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2001

The present research was designed to collect recipe of set up a standard recipe and analyze the nutrients of broiled black goat meat (a kind of native local foods in Busan and south province). The results of the study are summarized as follows. The recipe for goat(lamb) meat was recorded in Sanlimkyounggae and Jungbosanlimkyounggae between 1715 and 1827. The goat meat was explained as food for health, rejuvenation and recuperation Since late 1800, it has been utilized for such use. The flavor of broiled black goat meat is influenced by seasonings, fruit juice, heating treatment and cooker. And it also could be affected by the method of slaughter and the sex of the goat. There are lot of element in seasoning. Red pepper paste, garlic and ginger holdback the bad smell and make the taste better. Onion help to retain the water and improve the flavor. Starch syrup, sugar and sesame oil make the meat smoother, glossier and more tasty. The meat is usually roasted on grill over charcoal. It helps to remove or suppress the bad smell and make the taste better. Softness and scent of the meat depend largely on the way to butcher. Female goat meat tastes smoother and smells better. Fruit juice also improve the softness of the meat. Energy per 100g of the 'broiled black goat meat' is 170kcal. There are protein (23g), fat(2.4g), Ca(159mg), Fe(1.1mg) and so on. Amino acid is mainly comprised of essential amino acid such as cystine, lysine, leucine, and arginine. Fatty acid consists primarily of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid, linoleic acid.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.948-954
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and fatty acid composition of four major muscles in Korean native black goat (KNBG). Longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus medius (GM) were obtained from five male KNBGs of 36 mon of age and subjected to histochemical analysis and to determine fatty acid composition and meat quality traits. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of fiber types among these four muscles. PM had the highest FNP of type I and the lowest FNP of type IIB, while SM had the highest FNP of type IIB. The highest fat content was observed in LL while SM had the lowest fat content. The proportions of SFA and MUFA were significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles due to differences in the majority of fatty acids such as oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. The PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles, and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio was observed in PM. Results suggested that LL and PM might be healthful because of higher desirable fatty acid value and PUFA/SFA ratio, respectively. Also, data showed that correlations between muscle fiber types and fatty acids proportion of goat muscles were reversed with those of cattle muscles.