• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2015

Voltage collapse is one of the main threats in power system operation and it is a result of a very low voltage profile in one or multiple areas in the power system network. Hence, the need for proper coordination among transmission and generator operators to maintain voltage stability if of paramount importance. In this paper, the different voltage and reactive power operating guidelines and criteria of various electric reliability councils, coordinating councils, transmission system operators and other electric utilities are discussed. Among these are NERC, ENTSO-E, WECC, PJM and ERCOT. A comprehensive comparison is also made to the existing Korean power system voltage reliability guidelines. Furthermore, this paper presents a set of voltage and reactive power guidelines that can help in determining voltage limits that can improve the reliability of the Korean power system operation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2015

Objectives: We examined the association between the adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors and health-related quality of life in a cross-sectional study of Korean breast cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 157 women aged 21 to 79 years who had been diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancers according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before the baseline were included. We used a Korean version of the Core 30 (C30) and Breast cancer 23 (BR23) module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ), both of which have been validated for Koreans. Participants were asked about their adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors, suggested by the Korean breast cancer society, using a 5-point Likert scale. We summed dietary guideline adherence scores for each participant and calculated the least squares means of health-related quality of life according to dietary guideline adherence scores using the generalized linear model. Results: Breast cancer survivors who had higher adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors had lower constipation scores than those with lower adherence (p for trend=0.01). When we stratified by the stage at diagnosis, this association was limited to those who had been diagnosed with stage II or III breast cancers. Also, sexual functioning scores increased significantly with increasing adherence scores of dietary guidelines among those with stage II or III breast cancers (p for trend < 0.001). However, among those who had been diagnosed with stage I, higher scores of dietary guidelines were associated with higher scores of pain (p for trend=0.03) and breast symptoms (p for trend=0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that the health-related quality of life levels of breast cancer survivors are associated with the adherence to dietary guidelines and may differ by the stage of the breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2018

Background : The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program promotes interdisciplinary interventions and targeted recommendations for the proper utilization of antibiotics. In particular, the aim of the program is to avoid indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics based on the documented literature on the significant impact of unsystematic usage of antibiotics on the distribution of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. To improve the care process for pneumonia treatment using antimicrobial agents, institution-level guidelines were established and disseminated at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in April 2016. In this study, we evaluated changes in the physicians'antibiotic prescribing patterns both before-and after-the implementation of the guidelines. Methods : The electronic medical records of inpatients who were prescribed with one or more antibiotics in May 2014 (Group A) and May 2016 (Group B) were reviewed. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and antibiotic prescriptions were collected and the prescription records were compared both before- and after- the implementation of the guidelines. Results : A total of 180 patients were included in the study: 77 patients in group A and 103 patients in group B. The baseline characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between the two groups. Community-acquired pneumonia was the most common diagnosis in both the groups and the difference was not significant (68.8% vs. 67.9%; p=0.67). The type of antibiotic prescriptions used for empirical treatment was not different between the two groups. The most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotics were cephalosporins, with no significant difference (p=0.31). One of the most inappropriately used antibiotics was piperacillin/tazobactam and the rate of prescription was similar in both the groups (p=0.68). The rates of appropriate empirical selection of antibiotics remained unaltered between the two groups (67.5% vs. 71.8%; p=0.53). Conclusions : Implementation of the guidelines only exhibited no significant effect on the antibiotic prescribing patterns of physicians for the treatment of pneumonia. To improve the adequate use of empiric antibiotics, more active interventions and closer monitoring of the feedbacks should be additionally considered and evaluated in future studies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2014

Fishing village is becoming the central base of fishing industry and it plays a major role. However, there is a decrement of marine resources and some difficulties with the deterioration of fishing industry management. In order to solve these problems, there should be some developments(e.g. fishing village toursim development) on various undergoing government and the private organization programs. Nevertheless, there are not guidelines for fishing village tourism development to utilize for practical business. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current status and guidelines regarding the development of fishing village for coastal planner. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of fishing village development works in Korea and Japan. The second purpose is to identifie success factors after analyzing individual success cases. Based on evidence from the literature and a dialogue with village leader, a literature review on extracting success cases for guidelines were selected according to criteria such as the degree of contribution to an increase in income of the fishing village, the degree of contribution to an increase in consumption of marine products using local natural resources, the number of tourists that visits the village. Finally we propose guidelines for future fishing village development projects. The guidelines based on the successful cases, as well as the major factors about the objectives and direction of fishing village tourism development, suggested as follows. 1)Plans for land use, 2)Development of tourist resources, 3)Plans for views, 4)Plans for resource protection, 5)Plans for operation and marketing.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.173-193
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• 2022

In this study, international standardization trend of smart mining technology was analyzed focusing on the guidelines developed by GMG (Global Mining Guidelines Group). GMG is a non-profit organization that unites the global mining community. It was established to promote mining safety, innovation and sustainability. Currently, GMG's working group consists of artificial intelligence, asset management, autonomous mining, cybersecurity, data access and usage/interoperability, the electric mine, mineral processing, underground mining, and sustainability. Guideline development projects related to smart mining technology are being conducted in artificial intelligence, autonomous mining, cybersecurity, data access and usage/interoperability, and underground mining. As of April 2022, eight types of smart mining-related guidelines have been published through pre-launch, launch, guideline definition, contents generation, technical editing/layout/final review, and voting process. It is judged that the GMG guidelines can be an important reference for the development of domestic smart mining technology standards.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rather unique. Most of HCC patients have underlying chronic liver diseases with or without cirrhosis and the prognosis of HCC depends on the liver function, as well as the tumor extent. Non-invasive diagnosis of HCC can be made with certain risk factors and specific imaging findings (e.g. hypervascularity). Patients with HCC can receive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy as other solid malignancies. HCC has more treatment options such as liver transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). A variety of practice guidelines for HCC has been published by many academic societies. Different healthcare systems and availability of resources also affect the practice guidelines; therefore, practice guidelines have similarities and dissimilarities. Herein, we review the current status of practice guidelines for HCC and future perspectives for the improvement of guidelines are also discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

Changes in education or curriculum are based on the needs of the times and needs to address changes in knowledge. The purpose of this study was to provide implications regarding the general guidelines of the national curriculum by analyzing changes made in the high school informatics curriculum in which both needs are inherent. The study involved an analysis of the general guidelines to the national curriculum that involved the revision years 2007 and 2009, the composition of the 2015 revised curriculum, change in the status of the informatics curriculum, and the size of the informatics subject. As a result of the analysis it was found that several improvements are necessary, namely (1) the units need to be better clarified, (2) career electives need to be more appropriately composed, and (3) definitions of terms need to be better clarified. The significance of this study lies in the fact that it considered the viewpoint of software education emphasized in various countries around the world, and the general guidelines to the national curriculum were examined to learn what kind of organization and operation should be proposed for high school informatics.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate patient safety regulations and guidelines in order to understand their current status, and to examine support measures to improve patient safety in Korean hospitals. Methods: The participants were the safety officers from hospitals with 200 or more beds and 112 hospitals responded to the online survey. The questions covered patient safety regulations, the performance level of patient safety activities, patient safety incident reporting systems, the dedicated professional, training, support mechanisms, and expectations of reporting systems. Results: Among preventative measures, fall prevention and hand hygiene were reported to be most widely practiced (92% and 91%, respectively). Time-out for invasive procedures showed a relatively low practice rate at 70%. Among patient care activities, transfusion, surgery and sedation, medication, and infection management were performed by 84, 74, 93 and 93% of the hospitals, respectively. Patient safety activities included patient safety committee, patient safety cooperation between decision-making bodies, patient safety workshops, seminars, lectures, and training for employees. Conclusion: Patient safety regulations and guidelines have not yet been sufficiently prepared, and a public institution such as a certification authority is of crucial importance to enforce these guidelines.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 2003

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway and the prevalence rate is increasing. As the burden of asthma to the society is significant due to the increasing hospital admissions and emergency visits, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI, USA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have developed comprehensive guidelines to help clinicians and patients make appropriate decisions about asthma care. The aim of study was to analyze the pattern of asthma prescriptions based on the national asthma guidelines for the patients visiting primary health care providers. Prescription data for asthma were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database of January 2002. Ten percent of the primary health care providers were sampled based on their specialty areas, and 20％ of the claim cases were randomly chosen. Study results showed that prescription rate for oral beta-2 agonists was 44.3％, and that for oral theophylline was 46.9％. Oral steroids were prescribed for the 28.2％ of the claims. Utilization of inhalers was low for both bronchodilators (20.3％, beta-2 agonists inhalers), and steroids (8.4％ steroids inhalers). Bronchodilators were more preferred to the longterm anti-inflammatory controllers among the primary health care providers. Prescription rate for antibiotics was 46.0％ for asthmatic patients. Also gastrointestinal drugs were prescribed for 59.0％, antitussives 65.3％, antihistamines 25.3％ and analgesics 29.4％, respectively. This study presented that the prescribing pattern of the primary health care providers for the asthma was quite different from the national and international guidelines. More efforts need to be made to reduce the gap between the present pattern of asthma prescription and the guidelines.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

In various industries, tactile recognition has been one of the important ways in displaying information because peoples like to touch and feel. Especially, how much the tactile information is efficiently recognizable is crucial for visually impaired persons in their daily lifes. However, existing design guidelines are insufficient to lead good tactile recognition. In this study, an experiment was performed to investigate proper tactile shapes (relievo / intaglio vs. filled / unfilled), sizes and depths for efficient tactile recognition. Moreover, this study scrutinized whether the recognition speed or error was varied depending on the type of displayed symbols (open vs. closed types) in tactile. The experimental results revealed that the 'relieve-filled' shape type was more rapidly recognizable than the other shapes, and the 'closed' type symbols (e.g., ${\square }$. ${\bigcirc}$) were more robustly recognizable than the 'open' type symbols (e.g, +, ^). Several design guidelines were presented based on the results. These guidelines can be applied to the design of tactile buttons in the devices that users should control them without visual attention, such as car steering wheels or MP3 players.