• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2016

An antimicrobial bacterium to pathogenic microorganisms, strain $W5-1^T$ was isolated from Korean fermented-food Kimchi. The isolate was Gram-staining-variable, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, and motile with peritrichous flagella. It grew at $15-40^{\circ}C$, at pH 6.0-10.0, and in the presence of 0-4% NaCl. Strain $W5-1^T$ could hydrolyze esculin and xylan, and assimilate $\small{D}$-mannose, but not $\small{D}$-mannitol. Strain $W5-1^T$ showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. The G+C content of the DNA of strains $W5-1^T$ was 52.6 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major cellular fatty acids were $C_{16:0}$, antieiso-$C_{15:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{12:0}$. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the strain W5-1 was shown to belong to the family Paenibacillaceae and was most closely related to Paenibacillus pinihumi $S23^T$ (98.4% similarity) and Paenibacillus tarimensis $SA-7-6^T$ (96.4%). The DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and Paenibacillus pinihumi $S23^T$ was 8.5%, indicating that strain $W5-1^T$ represented a species in the genus Paenibacillus. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain $W5-1^T$ is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kimchicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is $W5-1^T$ (=KACC $15046^T$ = $LMG 25970^T$).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

'Mogwoo', a new high yield and whole crop silage rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea, from 1999 to 2009, and was released in 2010. It was derived in 1999 from a cross between Dasanbyeo, having a high yield, and Suweon431/IR71190-45-2-1. A promising line, SR25848-C99-1-2-1, selected by the pedigree breeding method, was designated the name of 'Suweon 519' in 2007. This cultivar has about 155 days of growth period from seeding to heading, and is tolerance to lodging, with erect pubescent leaves as well as a long and thick culm. This cultivar has the same number of tillers per hill and higher spikelet numbers per panicle compared to Nokyang. 'Mogwoo' has longer leaves compared with other Tongil-type varieties. This new variety is resistant to grain shattering, leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight, and small brown planthopper. The biomass yield of 'Mogwoo' was 1,956 kg/10a in a regional test over three years. The result shows that 'Mogwoo' is adaptable to central and south-east plain areas of Korea.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2012

Proper light intensity, shading tolerance, potting media, and fertilization level were investigated to develop Orostachys iwarenge for. magnus (Korean name, Ullungyeonwhabawisol) as a potted ornamental plant. The plants were grown under different light intensity (52, 82, 90, and 97% shading). The best growth was shown at 52% shading, which indicated that the proper light intensity for O. iwarenge for. magnus is less than 52% of shading. Plant growth decreased severely at 82% shading and leaf color became lighter as the shading rate increased, which indicated that O. iwarenge for. magnus has no tolerance against low light intensity. To select a proper potting media, decomposed granite (DG), fertilizer-amended media (FAM), river sand (RS) were used as potting medium with different ratio of 60:20:20 (DG:FAM:RS, v/v/v), 80:20 (DG:FAM, v/v), 60:40 (DG:FAM, v/v), and 20:80 (FAM:RS, v/v). DG:FAM:RS (60:20:20) showed the highest values in shoot fresh weight, plant width, and number of runner in potted O. iwarenge for. magnus. Fresh weight of shoot part was 16 g in DG:FAM:RS (60:20:20), which was about 2 folds of those at the other medium. At the experiment for selection of proper fertilization level, plants showed a better growth as the concentration of hyponex solution and application frequency increased. Once drenching 1 week interval of hyponex solution diluted by 1,000 folds brought the highest results in fresh weight, plant width, and runner number. Particularly, fresh weight of shoot part was 35 g at once drenching per week of 1,000 folds solution, indicating 84% improvement comparing with non treatment (19 g).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2016

Black chokeberries (scientific name Aronia melanocarpa) have been reported to have major effects due to anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer capabilities. In this study, we investigated the anti- wrinkle effects of A. melanocarpa, including collagenase inhibition effects and their molecular biological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and activator protein (AP)-1 expression and/or phosphorylation. In collagenase inhibition activity, the ethyl acetate fraction of black chokeberry (AE) was 77.2% at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, which was a significant result compared to that of Epigallocatechin gallate (positive control, 83.9% in 500 μg/ml). In the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, the AE produced 78% of ROS in 10 μg/ml and 70% of ROS in 75 μg/ml, which was a much lower percentage than the ROS production of H₂O₂-induced CCRF S-180II cells. In the MTT assay, cell viability was increased dose-dependently with AE in H₂O₂-induced cells. In protein expression by western blot assay, the AE suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of MMPs (MMP-1, -3, -9), MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38), and AP-1 (c-Fos and c-Jun), and expressed the pro-collagen type I in H₂O₂-induced cells. These results suggest that black chokeberries have anti-wrinkle and collagen-production effects, and they may be used in applications for material development in the functional food and cosmetic industries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2020

The followings are the landscape preference aspects from the 816 landscapes(景, Kyung), which comprise the 78 modern Palkyungs, presented by the 78 local governments in Korea. First, the natural environment elements selected as Kyung(景), which are topographical landscapes, mostly consist of mountain elements such as mountains, terrace(臺), rocks and stones and water elements classified as rivers, oceans, and lakes. Natural elements also include old-growth and giant trees such as pines, ginkgos, Japanese cornels and fringe trees, tree-lined streets and forests, and plant elements such as azaleas, rhododendrons, lotuses, reeds, and silver grasses which provide seasonal landscapes. Second, more than half of Kyung, selected as human environment elements, are historical and cultural heritages such as graveyards, mountain fortresses, town fortresses, traditional villages, pavilion in villas, and temples. And it is followed by leisure tourism facilities such as traditional markets, exhibition halls, theme parks, beaches, and food streets, green-based structures such as trails, plazas, parks, and botanical gardens, and industrial heritages such as ranches, abandoned coal mines, stations, ports and bridges. Third, modern Palkyungs include objects not related to the views such as local representative facilities, regional products, and festivals. Fourth, although most of the modern Palkyungs consist of eight, some include 20, 38, or 100 in order to increase the number of objects of public relations. Fifth, a certain local government makes two modern Palkyungs with different subjects by introducing traditional Palkyung and modern Palkyung altogether. In this case, it presents several modern Palkyungs like by selecting Palkyungs in a limited area. Furthermore, one Palkyung includes numerous place names at a time in some cases. Sixth, Sosangjeonhyeong(瀟湘典型)-style modern Palkyung uses 'NakAn(落雁)' as the name of Kyung. Sosangyusahyeong(瀟湘類似型)-style modern Palkyung expresses 'Hyojong(曉鐘)' and landscape of glow of the setting sun, sunset, night view, dawn, sunrise and depicts cloud, sunset, moon, and snow. There are many Myeongsocheheomhyeong(名所體驗型)-style Palkyungs exhibiting the behavior of tourism and Myeongseunghyeong(名勝型)-style Palkyungs raising the awareness only by the names of the places. Seventh, modern Palkyung's naming styles are diverse, such as using only four letters instead of specifying Kyungmul(景物) or Kyungsaek(景色) in combination with Chinese characters or adding modifiers specializing in places.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

'Dakyeong' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between 'CI7505'(IT133304) and 'Swan'(IT197920). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advanced yield test for 2 years, 'SO2004009-B-B-10-8-3-9', designated as a line name of 'Gwiri91', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as 'Dakyeong'. Cultivar 'Dakyong' has leaves of dark green color, thick diameter culm and long grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Dakyeong' was about 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan' (April 30 and May 5, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at milk-ripe stage was higher 12% ($15.7tone\;ha^{-1}$) than $14.0tone\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Dakyeong' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (6.1% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (62.1%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check ($7.79tone\;ha^{-1}$ and $7.64tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Dakyeong' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2018

Oats (Avena sativa L.), which are known as one of the forage crops of Korea, have good livestock palatability and are popular to cattle farmers because of their high dry matter. However, the cultivation of double cropping in the rice field was reluctant due to the late maturing for farmers to plant rice continuously. 'Hi-early', a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between '517A2-121'(IT133383) and 'CI7604' (IT133379). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon, Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advance yield test for 2 years, 'SO2004015-B-B-23-1-3-7', designated as a line name of 'Gwiri92', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as 'Hi-early'. Cultivar 'Hi-early' has the characteristics of medium leaves of green color, thick diameter culm, and medium grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Hi-early' was about 9 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan' (April 26 and May 5, respectively). Average forage fresh yield of 'Hi-early' harvested at milk-ripe stage was similar to check cultivar ($40.2tone\;ha^{-1}$ and 40.0 tone ha-1, respectively), and dry matter yield also was similar to check cultivar (14.2 tone ha-1 and $14.0tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). Cultivar 'Hi-early' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (6.2% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (61.0%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check ($7.91tone\;ha^{-1}$ and $7.64tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Hi-early' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-154
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• 2012

This study aimed at learning the characteristics of place identity of the Buan county hall garden and Sangsosan(上蘇山) by looking over the pattern and content of letter-engraved rocks and nearby facilities and history. Especially, we focused on the meaning and contents of the letters in Sangsosan and a Government Office of Buan engraved on rocks in order to learn what the place means. The results of our study are as follows. Buan-hyun(扶安縣) in the Joseon dynasty period blossomed literary culture of enjoying poetry and melody, and this was faithful realization of the concept of "Rakto(樂土)" of 'Saengubuan(生居扶安).' The grand scale letters written by Si-SooPark(朴蓍壽: 1767~1876), head of the office in the early 19th century, in the cursive style on the basis stone of the garden of Buan county building, which was the site of the office of Buan-hyun in the Joseon dynasty period, such as 'Bongraedongcheon(蓬萊洞天)', 'Jurim(珠林)', and 'Okcheon(玉泉)' mean that "'Bongrae', the another name of Buan', is a place where Taoist hermits would live because the spring water of Seorim flows down to be Okcheon.", showing his pride of living Buan. The regions like Seorimjeong, Geumdae(琴臺), and Hyecheon(惠泉) where letters engraved on rocks are located intensively are closely related with those who communicated with Mae-ChangLee(李梅窓: 1573~1610), the slave of the government, and are local attractions and garden traces where the literary culture and scholar's spirit of Buan are well-harmonized. Most of the letters were written from the 19th century to the early 20th century, showing that 4 for landscapes, 8 for Kyungseck(景色: imaginary scenry), 5 for figures, 15 for poems and 2 for others. The ratio of poems is much higher than that of poems in other regions' letters on rocks, and the keyword of the letters is Haecheon. A piece of the place identity heavily influenced by the Taois thermit ideology is revealed by the expressions of 'Bongraedongcheon', 'Sosansaho(蘇山四皓)' or 'the spring water of Haecheon' that was considered as an elixir of Taoist hermits. Seorim the forest, which had been managed after Yeon-Myeong Cho(趙然明: 1797~?), head of the office, planted trees in the 11th year of the reign of King Heonjong(1845), Seorimjeong in the forest, and rocks with engraved letters on them are proof of literary culture and the garden traces showing the characteristics and aspect of Imcheon(林泉) Garden of the office heavily influenced by the Taoist hermit ideology. Along with Naebyeon-san national park and Kyeokpo region, the center of Buan tourism, we hope that cultural heritages including rocks with engraved letters over Seorim park would become a representative cultural heritage and attraction of Buan.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 1998

Science curricula of public and government institution schools from 1895 to 1910 in Korea were studied And through tracing people in charge of science education actual status was researched. The result of the study showed that 'physics, chemistry, nature' in the regular course for normal schools and 'department of science' in the short course were used for in the curriculum. Subject of nature were educated by SaitoKinji. 'Science' was educated by MatsumotoSoji in Department of Japanese Language at Foreign Language School and 'science of nature' by Hase in Department of German Language. 'Nature' and 'physics and chemistry' were taught by ShideharaTahira at Hansung Middle School which was established in 1899. MoriTamejo was in charge of subject of nature at Hansung High School which was a new name since 1906. It was also revealed that'physics and chemistry'were taught at Industrial Professional Institute. In short during the era of Taihan (Korea) Empire science education at public and government institution schools were entirely performed by Japanese. Furthermore the first time when professionals majored in natural science began to assume responsibility for science education was during late part of Taihan Empire and before that time tradition of science education was maintained by'non-professionals'like ShideharaTahira.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 2001

Background : Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the bronchus is an uncommon disease that is histologically and ultrastructurally identical to the salivary gland tumor of the same name and regarded as a slow growing low-grade malignancy. We examined its clinical characteristics. Method : We collected 13 Korean cases of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the bronchus including 5 cases of our own and 8 cases from the literature. Result : The patients ages ranged from 20 to 74. Men numbered 9 and women 4. The presenting symptoms were cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. The fiberoptic bronchoscopic findings were primarily hypervascular polypoid mass with a smooth surface that obstructed airway totally or near totally. There were three inoperable cases including two cases with distant metastasis to bone or cervical lymph node and one case with mediastinal invasion. The remaining 10 patients underwent surgical resection. Among them, two patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The median survival was 21 months in the 8 surgical and evaluable cases. One patient lived 13 years without recurrence. The prognosis was relatively favorable in operable cases. Conclusion : It was not common for primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the bronchus to have distant metastasis or invasion to the mediastinum on presentation. The prognosis was relatively favorable in operable cases. It would be important to perform flexible bronchoscopy for early diagnosis and to do surgical treatment if possible.