• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2000

In general the prevalence of old people is high and frequently have multiple diseases and symtoms requiring treatment. The nature of illness in the elderly has to be faced, and drugs do have an important part in the treatment of that illness. The purpose of this study were to describe health status and medication, and to provide some basic data for elderly's health education, especially for the right medication. Body mass index, self perceived health status, activities of daily living, disease and experience of past operation were surveyed to recognize the 249 elderly's actual health status. The degree of the elderly's understanding the way of medication, experience of side effects, experience of drug combination and incidence of drug adverse reaction along with drug combination were examined for medication. The aged $women(BMI; 10.7\pm13.3\%)$ overweighed the aged $men(BMI; 4.0\pm10.4\%)$. $69.0\%$ of them recognized their health good. Their activities of daily living were diminished following by the age group(p=0.0068) and relationship with self perceived health status were very significant(p=0.0005). They(192 elderly) suffered from multiple disease such as $osteoarthritis(49.5\%)$, $hypertension(32.0\%)$, gastric $disorder(16.1%)$, $diabetes(14.6\%)$, $osteomalacia(10.9\%)$, cardiovascular $disease(9.9\%)$, senile $cataract(5.7\%)$, skin $rash(5.2\%)$, liver $disease(4.2\%)$, kidney $disease(3.6\%)$, spinal cord $problem(3.6\%)$, respiratory $disease(2.1\%)$ $tuberculosis(1.0\%)\;etc(1.0\%).$ $28.3\%$ of them replied that they had an operation for appendictis senile cataract, peptic ulcer, spinal cord problem, pleurisy, hemorrhoid and the rest. Most of $them(87.4\%)$ knew the way very well how to use drugs, and $21.6\%$ of the replied 171 elderly experienced adverse drug reaction. Drug compliance rate were $high(83.6\%)$. In our study 56.9% of the 167 elderly took several medicine together. And $18.9\%$ of the 95 elderly who did drug combination had an experience of drug interaction. One person kept average 5.5 kinds of drugs at home among 243 elderly. They kept $digestives(79.4\%)$, $ointments(68.7\%)$, $vitamins(59.7\%)$, $analgesics(59.7\%)$, cold $medicines(45.3\%)$ antiarthritic $drugs(33.3\%)$, health $foods(27.7\%)$, antihypertensive $drugs(25.1\%)$, anti peptic ulcer $drugs(24.7\%)$, $laxatives(19.8\%)$, $antacids(16.5\%),\;antibiotics(l6.5\%)$, hypoglycemic $agents(10.3\%)$, cardiac $stimulants(7.0\%)$, $diuretics(4.5\%)$, antiarrhythmic $drugs(4.9\%)$, anti anginal $drugs(4.1\%)$, $hypnotics(3.3\%)$, $etc(38.3\%)$. With this result, we ascertain that polypharmacy in the elderly caused by multiple disease is common, which lead to drug interaction. So our task is to educate elderly how to use drugs in order to maximize their efficiency and to minimize their adverse effects.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 1999

It is very important to establish precisely the historical phases of nursing. We nurses should try to acquire the central social position in the health management system in the near the future, the 21st Century. Therefore my treatise aims to orient the desirable phases of the history of nursing through the feministic survey of the history of nursing from the post medieval epoche to the modern epoche. During the time of the renaissance which gave morning light to the modern epoche, the antique Athenian thinking of sex was again revived. Athenian excluded the women from the public and autonomous regions. All the medical activity, once dominated by the women, was misfortunately regarded as superstition acted by witches. Accordingly, the nursing women were to hunted as witches. In short, in the early modern epoche, women began to be excluded from the history of medical activities. In the middle modern epoche characterized by the enlightenment movement and early capital economic system, capitalistic patriarchal system began to be formed by change in the economic system. The status of women began to be greatly dropped below by the social distinction of the private dimension of home and the Public dimension of job. The woman was deprived of even the occasion to get the official license of medicine and medical institutions were handed to the state or the powerful and rich merchants. Accordingly, nursing acted mainly in the nunnery as the total approach to the patients was destructed wholly and transformed into the means of earning the money. Therefore unprepared low class -women began to engage in nursing only for the money. From then on, nursing activity was tunneled through the dark age for 200 years. In the late modern epoche characterized by the contrast of the accumulated vast capital by industrialization and vast poverty of the peoples, feminism began to float over the surface for the acquisition of equality of men and women from England. A feminist, Nightingale insisted that the women as nurses should be responsible for the healthy life of man. She tried the professional nursing education for women. Accordingly she not only contributed to the intellectual progress of women but also inspired in women the consciousness of the professional job. She tried to realize the ideal of at-that-time-feminists by engaging in nursing all through life. She really paved the road to contemporary nursing. In the near the future, I will write to describe how the late modern epoche nursing has fallen into the dilemma through the 1st and 2nd world wars and matured capitalism and to consider contemporary nursing with the status of women. All these papers aim to give proper recognition of nursing and right orientation of the future 21st Century nursing.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE). Results: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=-2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component. Conclusion: The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.362-370
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study the present status of the practicum in Fundamentals of Nursing and test for student competency in nursing skills were surveyed. Method: Participants included 72 nursing schools. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS 17.0 for data analysis. Results: Credits for Fundamentals of Nursing, credits for practicum and hours per credit were 2.93, 7.34, and 2.14 respectively. Number of students per practice unit, full time assistants and students per assistant were 28.6, 0.6, and 20.2 respectively. Utilization of CPX room and OSCE room for practice was 5.6%, and 9.7% respectively. Of the school, 32.0% included clinical practice in the practicum. 90.3% provided an open lab but only 48.4% had full-time assistants for these clinical practice areas. Testing for nursing skill competency was performed twice a semester in most schools. Utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models for testing was 8.3%, and 23.6% respectively. The test was thought to be inappropriate in 33.4% of the schools. Conclusions: The results suggest that to improve the outcomes, the practicum for Fundamentals of Nursing needs to be changed to include expansion of facilities and human resources, utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models and development of appropriate test methods.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 1991

복령(茯笭)은 약 3500년전부터 한방에서 수종, 임질, 설사, 신경안정 등의 치료제로 사용되었으며 최근에는 항암효과가 밝혀짐에 따라서 그 수요가 증가하고 있으나, 국내에서는 복령의 인공재배방법이 개발되지 못하여 수요를 자연량에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 복령을 인위적으로 재배하기 위하여 국내에서 채집한 복령의 형태적 특성 및 분리균주의 배양학적 특성 특히 영양원과 균사생장과의 관계를 실험하였다. 1. 형태적 특성 : 야생복령의 형태는 구형 또는 고구마형이며, 외피는 흑색으로 주름이 있고 내부는 옅은 오랜지색이며 중심에 진한 오랜지색의 심이 있는 분말상태로 직경은 $10{\sim}30cm$, 개체 중량은 $300{\sim}600\;g$ 정도이다. 분리배양한 균주의 균사 폭은 $4{\sim}8\;{\mu}$ 정도이며 톱밥배지에서 형성된 자실체는 벌집모양과 비슷하며 구멍은 다각형으로 직경은 $0.5{\sim}1mm$, 깊이 $2{\sim}3mm$ 정도이다. 2. 배양학적 특성 : 복령의 생육에 적합한 탄소원으로서는 가용성전분, glucose 및 sucrose 등이며, galactose, lactose는 부적합하였고, 탄소원농도가 1.5%에서 2.5%로 증가해도 균사발육에는 거의 영향이 없었다. 질소원으로는 무기질소원보다 유기질소원이 생육에 양호하였고 유기질소 중에서도 yeast extract, malt extract가 가장 적합하였으며, 질소함량이 0.05%에서 0.1%로 증가함에 따라서 균사생육도 왕성하였다. 한편 탄소원과 질소원의 최적 농도비는 탄소원농도 $7.5{\sim}10%$, 질소원농도 $0.10{\sim}0.15%$ 즉 100배 영역이었다. 나무추출액배지에서의 복령균사 생육은 밤나무추출액배지에서 가장 양호하였으며 소나무수피추출액배지와 오리나무추출액배지에서 비슷한 균사생육을 보인 반면 참나무추출액배지에서는 균사발육이 매우 저조하였다. 한편 C/N율을 적용하여 탄소원과 질소원을 첨가하여 조제한 배지에서의 균사생육은 영양원 무처리 배지에 비하여 균사생육이 매우 우수하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool. Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demograprucal characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis. the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%. 30-39 : 24.9%. 50-59 : 21.9%. 60-69 : 14.7%. 20-29 : 6.0%). secondly gender (male 36.6%. female 63.4%). thirdly occupation (housewife: 43.8%. self-employed: 15.5%. company-employee: 14.8%). fourthly education (high school graduate: 41.9%, college graduate: 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million: 51.4%. 2 to 3 million: 20,3%) 2, As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture. 80,0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits, 6,2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system. 19,0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%, 54,1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23,8% are feeling economic burden. 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4,29 and simple treatment is 4,19. economic merits 4.36. possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4, As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion. government-employee, self-employed, company-employee. and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently, And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month, 5. The efficiency(p = .003) and effectiveness (p= .049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p= .033).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2008

In this study, sponge cakes were prepared with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% red ginseng marc powder. The samples and a control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including batter viscosity and specific gravity, moisture content, water activity, volume index, weight, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, in order to determine the optimal ratio of red ginseng marc powder in the formulation. The batter samples containing 0, 12, and 15% red ginseng marc powder had significantly higher viscosity than the other samples. Specific gravity of batter was not significantly different among the batter samples. The control group presented significantly higher moisture content as compared to the samples containing red ginseng marc powder samples. Water activity, volume index, and weight of all samples were not significantly different among the samples. In terms of crust color, lightness, redness, and yellowness of the crust samples decreased as the level of red ginseng marc powder content increased. For the crumb color, lightness and yellowness decreased, and redness increased, with increasing red ginseng marc powder content. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and springiness were not significantly different among the samples; however, the red ginseng marc powder samples had significantly higher chewiness than the control group. In the sensory evaluation, as the content of red ginseng marc powder increased, scores for color, flavor, softness, overall acceptability, moistness, and egg-flavor decreased, while scores for red ginseng taste, bitterness, astringency, and off-flavor incresed. Overall, the 3 and 6% red ginseng marc powder samples obtained fairly good sensory scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that adding $3{\sim}6%$ red ginseng marc powder to sponge cake is optimal, providing good physiological properties as well as reasonably high overall consumer acceptability.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2019

본 연구는 토머스 제퍼슨의 버지니아대학교 식물원 구상의 배경과 내용을 고찰한다. 제퍼슨이 식물원 설립을 추진했던 시기가 유럽에서 식물원이 약용 식물원에서 진화한 때이자 미국에서 여러 식물원이 설립된 초창기라는 사실에 주목하여 동시대 식물원과 비교하여 버지니아대학교 식물원 구상의 특징을 짚어내고자 하였다. 이를 위해 19세기 전후 구미 주요 식물원의 역할과 공간 구조를 분석하여 경향을 파악하였다. 이와 함께 식물학과 식물원에 대한 제퍼슨의 관점과 식물원 구상안을 검토하며 버지니아대학교 식물원을 당대 사례와 비교 검토하였다. 연구 결과 그 배경은 18세기 후반 유럽에서 두드러지게 나타난 국가 경제를 견인하는 실용 과학으로서 식물 교육과 연구의 중요성에 대한 사회 인식, 그리고 식물학과 식물원에 대한 정보와 식물을 교환하는 네트워크에서 찾을 수 있다. 버지니아대학교 식물원 구상은 공공 식물원의 역할에 대한 식물학자 코레아의 의견이 바탕이 되어 제퍼슨에 의해 부지 조성과 개략적인 공간 구성, 식물 수급 방안을 포함한 실행 전략으로 발전되었다. 동시대 식물원 사이에서 버지니아대학교 식물원 구상이 지니는 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초본 이외에 교목 정원을 별도로 구성하고 의학이 아닌 식물학 연구와 교육을 강조했던 측면에서 18세기 후반 유럽 식물원의 약용 식물원에서 식물원으로의 진화와 같은 경향을 보인다. 둘째, 장식적 요소를 배제하고 온실 설치를 거부하며 지역 기후에 적합한 해외 실용 식물을 확산시키려 했다는 점에서 유럽과 미국의 많은 식물원과 다르다. 본 연구는 버지니아대학교 식물원 구상을 사례로 19세기 전후 식물원의 역사와 문화에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히는데 기여한다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2019

Objectives Disrupted integrities of the fornix and stria terminalis have been suggested in schizophrenia. However, very few studies have focused on the fornix and stria terminalis comparing first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ), chronic schizophrenia (CS), and healthy controls (HCs) with the application of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) technique. The objective of this study is to compare the connectivity of the fornix and stria terminalis among FESZ, CS, and HCs. Methods We included the 44 FESZ patients, 39 CS patients and 20 HCs in this study. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy (FA) data was performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to analyze the connectivity of fornix and stria terminalis. In addition, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were used to evaluate clinical symptom severities. Results There were no significant differences between the FESZ, CS, and HCs in age, sex, education years. The SAPS and SANS scores of the schizophrenia groups showed no significant differences. FA values of the right fornix cres/stria terminalis in the CS group were significantly lower than those in FESZ and HCs. There were no significant differences of FA values of the right fornix cres/stria terminalis between the FESZ and the HCs. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that significant correlation between FA values of the right fornix cres/stria terminalies of the the FESZ group and positive, negative symptom scales, and FA values of the right fornix cres/stria terminalis of the CS group and negative symptom scales. Conclusions This study shows that FA values of the fornix and stria terminalis in the CS were lower than in the FESZ and the HCs. These results suggest that the fornix and stria terminalis can play a role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus current study can broaden our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2019

의료기관에서는 환자의 진단 및 치료를 위해 방사선발생장치 및 방사성동위원소를 사용하고 있다. 환자이송원은 환자이송을 위해 불가피하게 방사선 관리구역에 출입하거나, 동위원소가 투여된 환자를 근거리에서 이송하는 등 일반인과 비교했을 때, 방사선에 노출될 확률이 높은 환경에서 업무를 수행한다. 따라서 환자이송원의 피폭 정도를 알아보고자 연구를 진행했다. 인천 A 종합병원에서 근무하고 있는 12명의 환자이송원을 대상으로 2019년 4월 1일부터 4월 30일까지 한 달 동안 선량계를 가슴에 패용하고, 누적된 선량을 측정했다. 사용된 선량계는 광자극발광선량계(OSLD), 선량판독은 OSLD Microstar Reading System을 사용했다. 한 달 동안 누적선량 측정 결과 심부선량은 평균 0.13 mSv, 표층선량은 평균 0.13 mSv로 측정되었고, 한 달 동안 누적된 선량에 12를 곱해 일 년 동안 업무를 수행할 시 받게 될 누적선량 예상치를 추정한 결과 심부선량은 평균 1.52 mSv, 표층선량은 평균 1.51 mSv로 나타났다. 환자이송원의 수시출입자 분류를 통해 피폭선량을 측정, 관리 하고, 교육훈련을 통해 방사선에 대한 방호지식을 높이며 건강진단을 통해 방사선장해 발생을 방지하기 위한 노력이 필요하다.