• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and dynamics of permarital abuse among never-married college students. 21.3% of 497 male and female respondents reported that they had experienced premarital violence at least once. Types of violence most frequently used were pushing or shoving slapping and throwing objects. It is interesting that both victims and aggressors interpret violent acts as expression of love most of all. Behavioral response to violent acts were to try to make up to talk to the partner and to apologize. In general the respondents had negative attitudes toward violence in premarital and marital relationships. Males showed more positive attiutudes toward violence than females. This sex difference appeared to have some inflence on marital abuse, In is suggested that counseling program and shelter for victims of severe violence need to be developed.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.14-30
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to establish how main characters' mental states are expressed through costumes and makeup by understanding and analyzing the relationship between the costumes and the makeup in the movie "Anna Karenina" and to compare the 19th century Russian costumes. The study methods are a literature review and an empirical case study. The results are as follows. First, the costumes in "Anna Karenina" are a mixture of late crinoline and early bustle style in general. However, the costumes were altered after the actress's movements and acting were considered. Regarding colors, Anna wears a lavender robe as the virtuous wife, a wine-colored robe for love and death, and a white robe for innocence, thus reflecting her mental states; through the colors, her changes of mental state are expressed. Second, the costumes of Alexei Vronsky, are similar in style and colors to those of mid-late 19th century Russian military uniforms. White, blue and black costume colors are used to describe his situations and emotional changes. Third, Alexei Karenin wears 19th century costumes of dark and achromatic colors without decorations, representing his conservative, authoritative character. However, he showshis rage with a wine and red-colored costume at the end of the movie. Fourth, regarding the makeup in the movie, Anna wears makeup of a soft pink-gold color influenced by 19th century naturalism. Male characters express their characteristics with their beards and hair styles. Vronsky's Hollywood mustaches and wavy blonde hair show his charm, and Karenin's chin curtain beard and bald head reveal his conservative character. The costumes of the three main characters in the movie are not very different from 19th century style in general, but mental states and situations are expressed through accessories, and colors maximize all of the effects. Through this research, it is illustrated that the costumes and makeup in a movie can not only express characters' emotional changes but also show the relationships between the characters in different scenes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2011

Seven male Himalayan tahrs were strongly assumed to have accidently fed on foreign bodies in 2007. At the time, zoo caretakers witnessed missing fence padding, such as carpet, plastic awning, and ropes. The incident occurred the morning after the items had been set up to protect indigenous, wild long-tailed gorals from self injury caused by head butting the steel fence. Adult male Himalayan tahrs were obviously suspected of mostly eating the paddings mainly composed of carpet, thin and long plastic awning, and ropes. Even though they had not shown digestive problems, surgery was determined necessary in order to remove any indigestible foreign bodies. Left flank rumenotomy was conducted on seven male Himalayan tahrs from April to May, 2011. After anesthesia with xylazine, rumenotomy was performed on a concrete floor, with legs and head secured by ropes. No access to water and hay prior to operation for two days was needed to make the surgical procedure done quickly. Two sheets of small hand towels protecting against inflow of ruminal contents were beneficial during surgery. Antibiotics were administered intramuscularly for seven days. No abscesses at the surgical site were found after surgery. Like domestic ruminants, wild ruminants also ingest metalic or non-metalic, indigestible foreign bodies by accident. Therefore, simplified rumenotomy must be developed to apply to those wild animals to lengthen their longevity and to advance the quality of life in captivity. This case report is the first showing how to perform rumenotomy of Himalayan tahr, a wild ruminant, in Korea.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.999-1011
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• 2008

국내 패션관련 교육기관은 대부분은 졸업작품 쇼를 행하고 있는데, 학생들이 직접 제작하는 작품 쇼의 경우는 시간적, 경제적 인 여유 부족과 정확한 모델 치수 및 이에 따른 인대와 원형패턴의 부재로 의상 제작 후, 사이즈 수정에 많은 시간을 허비하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 대학의 졸업작품 진행 과정의 문제점과 필요한 원형의 종류를 조사하고, 현역 A급 모델의 신체 치수를 계측하여 표준 사이즈를 조사하였다. 이를 토대로 아이템에 따른 원형을 제작, 이를 현역 모델에 착장하여 졸업 쇼를 위한 기본 패턴을 제시하고자 하였다. 졸업작품 쇼는 학교에 따라 진행하는 과정과 기간에 차이를 보이지만 대부분 모델 가봉 후 수선 정도가 많고 경우에 따라서는 의상을 새로이 제작하여야하는 경우도 발생하여 모델 사이즈의 기본원형에 대한 필요성이 많이 나타났다. 모델의 신체 계측결과 모델은 일반인에 비해 슬림하고 가는 체형이며 키가 크고 다리가 길다. 여자의 경우 어깨너비가 일반인에 비해 넓지만 가슴둘레와 허리둘레는 더 가늘게 나타났으며 어깨를 편 바른 자세여서 뒷품과 앞품의 차이가 적었다. 이는 남자 모델의 경우도 같게 나타났고 전체적으로 다리길이와 소매길이의 비율이 크게 나타났다. 여자의 경우 토르소와 스커트, 바지패턴을, 남자의 경우 재킷과 바지 패턴을 머슬린으로 제작하여 현재 활동 중인 A급 남녀 모델 각각 2명씩에게 착장하였다. 제작원형들은 그 맞음새가 모두 적절하였고 남녀 모두 상의 경우는 편차가 적은 어깨너비는 고정하고 품과 둘레항목에서 편차를 주어 패턴을 수정하는 것이 바람직하다. 하의의 경우 여자 모델은 엉덩이 부분에 여유가 없는 바지원형을 설계 제시하고, 이는 타이트 핏 팬츠나 스트레치 소재에 사용에 적절하고 여유 있는 바지의 경우는 엉덩이둘레 폭과 밑위너비 폭에 변화를 주는 것이 바람직하다. 남자모델의 경우 하의는 비교적 잘 맞아 수정이 필요한 부분이 없었으며 전체적인 둘레 편차 역시 3cm 내외로 작아 수정의 폭은 작다. 다만 키에 따른 다리길이 편차가 심해 모델에 따라 길이조정 이 필요하지만 전체적인 맞음새에 영향을 주지 않았다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서 제안한 모델 치수는 현재 우리나라에서 활동하고 있는 A급 모델을 기준으로 제안되었으므로 평균적인 모델 치수와 근접하다고 할 수 있다. 또한 연구패턴 역시 현재 모델의 신체에 적절하게 잘 맞았으며 모델 개인에 따른 신체 치수의 편차에 따라 차이를 보이겠지만 본 연구에서 제시된 패턴의 품 조절만으로도 충분히 잘 맞는 패턴으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This study aims to investigate smoking patterns in high school student and to give student smoker effective information. The sample of 250 male highschool students out of two different schools in Tae-Jon was questioned from July 10th to 15th. 1995. In analyzing these date. the statistics shows the realities by means of number of students. The results are summarized into 17 items as follows. Regarding the level of smoking. 140 students out of 250 admit that they have ever smoked. 52.1% of smoking students say that the motivation of beginning smoking is mainly curiosity. The survey shows that 22.9% of smoking students feel very good when smoking. It also shows that 30.0% of smoking students began smoking in the first grade of high school. With regard to the volume of smoking per day. 41.4% of smoking students smoke variably. 42.1% drink when smoking. 15.0% spend more than W 70.000 a month. About the question who knows the fact of their smoking. 51.5% answer that their friends know the fact of their smoking. In regard to the resaltionship between smoking and school per-formance. 18.2% of non smoking students make poor grades as compared with 40% of smoking students. 9.3% of smoking students say that they are satisfied with the school life. but 35.7% of them are not satisfied. Regarding the attitude to smoking teachers. 35% of smoking students state that they are affected by them. 69.3% of smoking students say that they will stop smoking. while the remaining 30.7% say that they will keep smoking. The reason of 63.9% to stop smoking is that smoking is bad for the health. The reason of 46. 5% to keep smoking is the acquired habit of smoking. 97.2% know the fact that the major element of cigarettes is nicotine and it is very harmful to the health. 40.8% recognize the harmful effect of smoking by TV and radio programs. 97.2% know that smoking could cause lung cancer. From the above results. I propose as follows We should make specific plan to keep smoking by simple curiosity from being developed into habitual smoking. We should teach them how harmful smoking is and make them stop smoking by themselves. It is very essential for family members and teachers to give continuous interest since childhood. As the teacher affect the students very much, they should give up smoking first. The incidence of smoking should be identified in each of the middle and high schools. smoking prohibition programs relevant to each school should be developed and implemented. The local community should ban cigarette vending machines. Cigarettes should not be sold to adolescents. By setting every place where adolescents gather including schools nonsmoking area. we should decrease their impulse to smoke. then smoking opportunities. and harmful effects to them caused by passive smoking.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is aimed at developing and discussing the prediction model of blood stasis pattern of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) using machine learning algorithms: multiple logistic regression and decision tree model. Methods : First, we reviewed the blood stasis(BS) questionnaires of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese version to make a integrated BS questionnaire of patient-reported outcomes. Through a human subject research, patients-reported BS symptoms data were acquired. Next, experts decisions of 5 Korean medicine doctor were also acquired, and supervised learning models were developed using multiple logistic regression and decision tree. Results : Integrated BS questionnaire with 24 items was developed. Multiple logistic regression models with accuracy of 0.92(male) and 0.95(female) validated by 10-folds cross-validation were constructed. By decision tree modeling methods, male model with 8 decision node and female model with 6 decision node were made. In the both models, symptoms of 'recent physical trauma', 'chest pain', 'numbness', and 'menstrual disorder(female only)' were considered as important factors. Conclusions : Because machine learning, especially supervised learning, can reveal and suggest important or essential factors among the very various symptoms making up a pattern identification, it can be a very useful tool in researching diagnostics of TKM. With a proper patient-reported outcomes or well-structured database, it can also be applied to a pre-screening solutions of healthcare system in Mibyoung stage.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the kinematic variables of giant swing backward to handstand as well as individual variations of each athlete performing this skill, which in turn will provide the basis for developing suitable training methods and for improving athlete's performance in actual games. For this end, 3 male athletes, members of the national team, who are in ${\Box}{\Box}H{\Box}{\Box}$ University, have been randomly chosen and their giant swing backward to handstand performance was recorded using two digital cameras and analyzed in 3 dimensional graphics. This study came to the following conclusion. 1. Proper time allocation for giant swing backward to handstand are: Phase 1 should provide enough time to attain energy for swing track of a grand round movement. The phase 3 is to throw the body up high in the air and stay in the air as long as possible to smoothen up the transition to the next stage and the phase 4 should be kept short with the moment arm coefficient of the body reduced. 2. As for appropriate changes of locations of body center, the phase 1 should be comprised of horizontal, perpendicular, compositional to make up a big rotational radius. Up to the Phase 3 the changes of displacements of vertical locations should be a good scale and athlete's body should go up high quickly to increase the perpendicular climbing power 3. When it comes to the speed changes of body center, the vertical and horizontal speed should be spurred by the reaction of the body in Phase 2 and Phase 3. In the Phase 4, fast vertical speed throws the body center up high to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement. 4. The changes of angles of body center are: in Phase 2, shoulder joint is stretching and coxa should be curved up to utilize the body reaction. In the Phase 4, shoulder joint and coxa should be stretched out to get the body center as high as possible in the air for stable landing. 5. The speeds of changes in joints angles are: in the Phase 2 should have the speed of angles of shoulder joints increase to get the body up in the air as quickly as possible. The Phase 3 should have the speed of angles in shoulder joint slow down, while putting the angles of a knee joint up to speed as quickly as possible to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.989-995
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper was to enable patients, who suffer from muscle damage. to return to their normal activities as soon as possible. With this in mind. this experiment was carried out to make an analysis of a variety of ingredients subjected to changes when muscle damage or muscle soreness was treated with aceclofenac, NSAID, and to find out what effect the anti-inflammation produced in relation to such symptoms. It made use of male rats (Sprague-Dawely) as subjects. It carried out two kinds of experiments: one was a preliminary experiment from March 15, 2001 to March 20, 2001 and the other was a main experiment from March 30, 2001 to April 15, 2001. Each group was composed of five rats. In case of DOMS. it worked with eight male adults from April 20. 2001 to April 30, 2001. It have come up with the following conclusions: 1. The leucocytes and erythrocytes of the experiment group were decreasing with the lapse of time in comparison with those of the contrast group. And a decrease in the number of hemoglobin had remarkably statistic significance (P<0.05). 2. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte decreased in 36, 24, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, which means that they had a significant difference(P<0.05). 3. CPK and LDH were reduced remarkably through the whole time slot in comparison with the contrast group, and had statistic significance(P<0.05). The findings above show that anti-inflammations cure bruises or damage or myalgia in a shorter period of time than the normal recovery of other treatment.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2016

유치열에서 드물게 관찰되는 삼중치는 세 치아의 비정상적인 융합으로 나타난다. 몇몇 문헌들에서 이중치에 대해 보고하고 있지만, 삼중치에 대한 보고는 매우 드물다. 이러한 다중치는 유치열에서 더 흔하게 관찰되며, 몇 가지 임상적 문제점을 나타낸다. 심미적인 문제 뿐만 아니라 치아 우식증 및 파절에 취약함, 영구 치배의 결손, 교정적, 치주적 문제를 야기할 수 있으며, 복잡한 치아 구조로 인해 치수 치료를 어렵게 한다. 첫 번째 증례는 만 1세 7개월 남아의 상악 유전치부에 나타난 삼중치로, 깊은 우식으로 치수 치료가 필요할 것으로 예상되었고, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)를 이용하여 부분 치수 절단술을 시행하였다. 두 번째 증례는 만 1세 9개월 남아의 하악 유전치부에 나타난 삼중치로 파절을 주소로 내원하였다. 파절편 조각을 제거한 뒤, 잔존 치아에서 치수 절제술을 시행하였다. 각각 24개월, 6개월간의 정기 검진시까지 특별한 합병증은 나타나지 않았으며, 수복물 또한 비교적 양호하게 유지되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.44-59
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• 2013

The modern people do express their personalities by appearance and actively use the appearance as the social tools, and the attractive appearance largely does influence the human relationship. As the appearance's importance is being magnified, the attractive appearance and favourable impression is an important standard for job performance and social position, and used as the way to reach the social goal. This study does investigate the design's kind and character of the beard which belongs to the male exclusive property and compare the differences of the impression's formation according to the beard design. The empirical results confirmed that the male beard design formated the various impressions according to the designs and their mutual relationship existed. Therefore, the beard is a symbol of maleness and an expression for the social position and personal character, whereas it possesses the very important meaning as the influencing factor on the impression's change. First, the pre stimuli were finished through the pre survey for composition of questionnaire in order to evaluate the impression after selection of experimental models and beard types for measuring instruments. Second, sixty three university students were surveyed by pre stimuli and questionnaire as pre experiment, and afterwards the measuring instruments and experimental design were revised. Third, the stimuli completed (nine beard designs) were intentionally well distributed as questionnaire by sex and ages in Seoul metropolitan and her environment. and the factorial analysis and the coefficient of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability test were completed for questionnaire's validity using SPSS/PC+ Window Ver. 12.0.