• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.329-360
• /
• 2008

In Korea, the major of international trade and business introduced in the 1960s to supply trade expert to trading companies, and the heyday of the trade major was in the 1980s. However the trade major fell into decay from the middle of 1990s. The purpose of trade education in university is to supply high qualified employees to societies and companies. The problem is that companies have difficuties for recruiting of trade expert, on the other hand university graduates have few job oppertunies. It has some discrepancies between education and field. The object of this paper is to propose a direction of modification of the trade and international business curriculum for global trade expert. We research international trade and business departments' curriculums of GTEP universities. GTEP stands for global trade expert incubating program started from 2006 which have charge of MOCIE and KITA. First, in the title of department, a lot of former researchers have taken up the position to return "Trade" or "International Trade". We think more important fact is not the title of department but the curriculum, so we insist on a harmony between the department title and curriculums. The focus of modification of curriculum is to educate global trade expert, so we need to know about global business environment and companies' needs also. Second, We propose the directions for modification of curriculum are "convergence" and "specialty". Trade major is a mixed study in nature and trade major try to treat lots of subjects such as trade, business adminstration, economics, international law, international commerce, logistics and marketing etc to catch up changing global business circumstanses and companies' needs. So convergence of adjacent field is very important in study and training. Specialty means selection and concentration strategy for global trade expert. It is difficult to learn every knowledge and skills for employer's needs in 4 years and 140 credits. A students who has studied basic subject in trade, management, economics can choose 1 or 2 specailty subject such as trade and e-commerce, global marketing, logistics and transportation, commerce and policy, servive trade, foreign language and cross culture etc. In concusion, the concept of convergence and specialty is not separation but harmony each other, so we propose to promote two concept together for modification of the trade and international business curriculum for training of global trade expert.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.12
• /
• pp.3052-3062
• /
• 1997

An Information Retrieval (IR) is to retrieve relevant information that satisfies user's information needs. However a major role of IR systems is not just the generation of sets of relevant documents, but to help determine which documents are most likely to be relevant to the given requirements. Various attempts have been made in the recent past to use syntactic analysis methods for the generation of complex construction that are essential for content identification in various automatic text analysis systems. Unfortunately, it is known that methods based on syntactic understanding alone are not sufficiently powerful to Produce complete analyses of arbitrary text samples. In this paper, we present a document ranking method based on two-level ranking. The first level is used to retrieve the documents, and the second level to reorder the retrieved documents. The main keywords used in the first level can be defined as nouns and/or compound nouns that possess good document discrimination powers. The sub-keywords used in the second level can be also defined as adjectives, adverbs, and/or verbs that are not main keywords, and function words. An empirical study was conducted from a Korean encyclopedia with 23,113 entries and 161 Korean natural language queries collected by end users. 850% of the natural language queries contained sub-keywords. The two-level document ranking methods provides significant improvement in retrieval effectiveness over traditional ranking methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.672-684
• /
• 1996

This paper explores the inter-ethnic conflicts between Blocks and Hispanics focusing on the emergent Hispanic ethnictity that reveals situational character in the US contexts. In the US census categories, major groups are indetified by race and ethnicity in which the Hispanic orgin is a category based on their common language while diverse in nationality. The census defined Hispanic category extends conveniently to acquiesce Affirmative Action and other government resource distribution. Internally, Hispanics have established numerous organizations to coalesce and assure their interests. The achieved dual language program and jurisdictional revision to represent language minority work as leverages to their cohesiveness. Under diminishing public resources and welfare payment, it is more difficult sharing burdens than benefits between minority groups. Block are not comfortable with the benefits Hispanics receive form the civil rights achievement without having had to struggle for it. The ethnic conflicts of the have-nots have become a new ethnic phenomenon attributable to the emergent Hispanic ethnicity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.202-212
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of stress, health problems, absenteeism, productivity and presenteeism in Korean and Japanese workers. Methods : Data was collected from April 12 to July 18, 2008 in both countries. The content of questionnaires was demographic factors, stress and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Korean data from 810 workers was collected and Japanese data from 822 workers was collected by same questionnaires of both language. SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 programs were used for data analysis. Results : The major health problems in relation to the impaired presenteeism of Korean workers were dizziness, allergy, headache and dysmenorrhea, and for Japanese workers were arthritis, depression, and diabetes mellitus. Impaired presenteeism was increasing when the numbers of health problems were increasing in both countries. In Korean workers, job-related stress and the numbers of health problems directly affected presenteeism. In Japanese workers, job-related stress, life-related stress and the numbers of health problems directly affected presenteeism. Conclusions : Health managers should include physical and psychological health management programs for presenteeism control in workplace. They can obtain a greater benefit through both programs.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 2005

For the past ten years, the goal of ubiquitous computing research has been the establishment of a new technology system with the aim 'Anytime, Anywhere, and Any form'. The needs for agent technology innovations such as ontology-based structure, ontology-based agent communication language, and multi-agents frameworks have been identified. This paper proposes a noble multi-agents architecture for ubiquitous systems. We suggest four major steps in the interaction between human and agents which enable ubiquitous agents to process by themselves to provide adaptive service to meet human's needs. First, we propose a semantic web technology to represent the association between information resources more explicitly Second, we construct a semantic ontology so that agents can recognize web contents.'Third, we propose a method to communicate between agents using OWL ontologies. Finally, we suggest a multi-agents structure based on the JADE of FIPA to analyze messages and get information. The semantic multi-agents framework proposed in this paper infers semantic situations using semantic web technology based on ontologies. A service provided is inferred differently according to user state because the multi-agents communicate by using OWL ontology language. Therefore, our system better infers context information than other without ontologies.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2004

Recently there have been various research activities regarding Korean traditional aesthetics. However, those researches were mainly conducted individually, partially, and periodically, which resulted in unsystematic and incomprehensive works. Therefore, it is required to orginze all the precedent research works with more systematic and objective framework. Generally speaking, all the human activities including aesthetic activity have ends, procedure and means. In other words, human being needs three key elements for realizing any thought and those three elements include contents, formal, and practical element. Element of contents is ultimate goal to accomplish as value, concept, and meaning of thought with their aims. Formal element includes methods, principles, norms, procedure, formality and style comprising of thought in order to accomplish the goal. Finally, practical element refers to specific means, tool, media, material and techniques to concretize the contents through form. Almost all of thoughts and meaning which human being tries to express consist of language. Major elements in sentence include 'subject (omissible)' , 'objects (aim)', 'predicate (formality)', 'complement (means)' and they are composed systematically and hierarchically with rules in sentence. The study compared human activity model with language structure and analyzed their implication with design (aesthetics), which made it possible to propose analytic frameworks for traditional aesthetics. In addition, the study also systematically organized the way to realize traditional aesthetic value in the present context based on the methods developed in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.867-870
• /
• 2014

Currently a number of universities and other educational institutions in the e-learning education system being implemented. Also that there is a demand. However, existing e-learning system has many problems. First, the theory of how the university -centered education and training institutions to adopt e-learning system has become the biggest obstacle. In addition, students can not engage the problem of a one-way lecture. In this paper, the theory -oriented and practice to overcome the one-way river systems programming language will develop e-learning content. Using socket communication and multi-threaded server-side Web browser on the client side through the compiler without installing a separate application installation and environmental learning environment can be unrestricted. Hands- content programming language allows the learner to direct the client-side source code in a web browser by entering the lecture is leading the way. For learners to enter the source code compiled to run on the server side, the compiler provides the learner results. Hands- because the future e-learning content development in e-learning systems will be a major contribution to.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2012

Purpose: In an attempt to investigate the differences in the level of stress & mental health between extracurricular learning group and non-extracurricular learning group and level of stress and mental health by the extracurricular learning-related characteristics, this study was carried out in upper grade elementary students. Method: The subjects were 241 students living in 4 small towns in 4th, 5th and 6th grade elementary students. The data were collected by using the questionnaires, and analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: First, 64.7% of subjects were receiving extra-curricular learning, and extracurricular learning contents were the main curriculum and foreign language classes in many cases. Second, there were no differences in the level of stress and mental health between extracurricular learning group and non-extracurricular learning group, but also in the area of stress as physical, mental, emotional and behavioral stress. Third, extra-curricular learning satisfaction and learning effects are the major factor affecting mental and emotional stress and mental health. In other words, the group with high satisfaction and effectiveness by extra-curricular learning was less mentally and emotionally stressed and better for mental health than low group. Also, days per week for extracurricular learning affected physical stress and intention to continue extracurricular learning affected mental stress. Fourth, factors affecting whether the intention to continue extracurricular learning were the sex, decision-makers about whether they receive extracurricular learning, extracurricular learning satisfaction and duration of extracurricular learning. Conclusion: From the above results, The fact that the upper grade elementary school students receiving the extracurricular learning did not affect on the stress and mental health. In case of extracurricular group, the effectiveness and satisfaction about extra-curricular learning were major factors affecting mental and emotional stress as well as mental health.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.38-49
• /
• 1983

This study was intended to develop a curriculum for the agricultural engineering technology, and that on confidence with junior college characteristics. In order to per- formance with this study, job cluster was analyzed on 28 parts in respect to the agricultural engineering field and questionnaire was investigated to the field including in alumni 181, students 537, professional workers 174 and professors 54. The results from the above analysis and investigation can be summarized as follows. 1. According to the investigation on degree of important subjects from the questionnaire, it is presented at mathematics 43%, physics 36% in students and 32%, 12% in professional workers. Considering from this results, it is desirable that primary subjects should be forced. 2. In comparing with fundamental major subjects and applied it, it is presented at that 41%, this 34%, in the total investigations. It can be found that in the degree of requirement, this is lower than that among the major subjects. 3. In investigation to the degree of requirement in the experiment and practice, it is presented at surveying 63%. Soil mechanics 14%, materials 13%, hydraulics 9% in order, in total inspection. 4. From investigation to the degree of requirement on the subjects of established newly, it is presented at majoring and living English 64%, E.D.P.S 30%, in the total questionnaire. Judging from the results, it seems that the foreign language is necessary to technician more and more, for advance to abroad. Also, it is no wonder that make good use of the E.D.P.S. 5 The table 5 is represented the model curriculum from the above results in anaized data on the questionnaire and the job cluster of table 2.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2020

This study investigated whether listeners' perceptual patterns varied according to base token selected for stimuli manipulation. Voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) values were orthogonally manipulated, each in seven steps, using naturally produced words that contained a lenis (/kan/) and an aspirated (/k^han/) stop in Seoul Korean. Both native and non-native groups showed significantly higher numbers of aspirated responses for the stimuli constructed with /k^han/, evidencing the use of minor cues left in the stimuli after manipulation. For the native group the use of the VOT and F0 cues in the stop categorization did not differ depending on whether the base token included the lenis or aspirated stop, indicating that the results of previous studies remain tenable that investigated the relative importance of the acoustic cues in the native listener perception of the Korean stop contrasts by using one base token for manipulating perceptual stimuli. For the non-native group, the use patterns of the F0 cue differed as a function of base token selected. Some findings indicated that listeners used alternative cues to identify the stop contrast when major cues sound ambiguous. The use of the manipulated VOT and F0 cues by the non-native group was not native-like, suggesting that non-native listeners may have perceived the minor cues as stable in the context of the manipulated cue combinations.