• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 낙상 위험 주거환경 평가인 HOME FAST의 국내사용을 위해 체계적인 절차를 통해 한국어로 번안하여 내용이해도 및 신뢰도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 한글로 번역된 HOME FAST의 내용이해도를 알아보기 위해 작업치료사 총 21명에게 한글번역본의 이해도 평가하게 하였다. 이후 한글번역본을 역번역 하여 원문과 비교하고 문장구조 및 의미 유사성을 평가하였다. 아울러 신뢰도 검증을 위해 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 낙상 고위험군 노인 75명을 대상으로 평가를 진행하고 내적 일치도를 검증하였다. 그중 9명의 대상자의 경우 2명의 작업치료사가 방문하여 각각 평가한 뒤 검사자 간 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과 : 작업치료사를 대상으로 한 내용이해도 검증 결과에서 11개 문장이 이해도가 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이해도 검증 결과의 의견을 바탕으로 검증위원회를 통해 구문을 수정하고 한글번역본을 완성하였다. 한글판을 역번역하여 유사성 검증을 한 결과 문장구조에서는 3문항이 유사하지 않음으로 평가되었고, 의미적 측면에서는 총 6문항이 유사하지 않음으로 평가되었다. 최종적으로 반복적 역번역 과정을 통해 한글판 HOME FAST의 내용 타당도를 확보하였다. 한글번역본의 내적일치도는 .62(p<.01)로 나타났고, 검사자 간의 신뢰도는 .97 (p<.01)로 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구는 체계적 번역-역번역 과정을 통해 HOME FAST를 한국어로 번역하였다. 아울러 한글판의 내용이해도를 검증하였고, 내적일치도 및 검사자간 신뢰도 검증을 통해 신뢰도를 입증하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.475-488
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• 2011

Purpose: The aims of the study were to develop and to establish reliability in Korean versions of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(KWHODAS 2.0): 12 item-self(12-self) and 12 item-interviewer(12-interviewer) versions. Methods: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-item versions were developed in idiomatic modern Korean with a process involving independent translation, synthesis of the translations, independent back translation, and review by an expert committee to achieve equivalence with the original English. 88 participants were included in the study. 33 of participants filled the 12-self version twice to examine test-retest reliability and 55 of participants were assessed simultaneously by four interviewers using the 12-interviewer version. Intra-rater reliability was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) and inter-rater reliability was evaluated using both the ICC and k statistic. Results: Test-retest reliability for the 12-self version was excellent with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ value ranged from 0.94(CI 0.88-0.98) to 0.96(CI 0.90-0.98). Inter-rater reliability for the 12-interviewer version showed excellent agreement with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ from 0.94(CI 0.91-0.96) to 1(CI 1.0-1.0). K value was observed from 0.95 to 1. Conclusion: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-self and 12-interviewer versions were successfully translated and both scales showed excellent reliability. It is now suitable for use in clinical and research applications.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.660-667
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 필기 한글 문자열 영상에 대한 단어 분리 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 gap 의 크기 정보를 사용하여 단어를 분리하는데, 이때 gap은 문자열 영상을 수직방향으로 투영한 후 흰-런 (white-run)을 찾음으로써 구할 수 있다. 문자열 영상으로부터 얻어지는 gap들의 크기를 측정한 후, 각각의 gap을 단어와 단어사이에 존재하는 gap과 문자와 문자사이에 존재하는 gap 중 하나로 분류한다. 본 논문에서는 필기 영문 문자열의 단어 분리를 위해 제안된 기존의 세 가지 거리 척도를 채택하고 군집화에 기반한 세 가지 분류방법을 적용하여 한글 문자열의 단어 분리를 위한 최적의 조합을 선정하였다. 우편봉투 상에 작성된 주소열로부터 수작업으로 추출한 305 개의 문자열 영상을 사용하여 실험한 결과 BB(bounding box) 거리를 사용하여 순차적 군집 방법을 적용하는 경우 3 순위까지의 누적 단어 분리 성공률이 88.52% 로서 가장 우수한 성능을 보여 주었다. 또한 하나의 문자열 영상에 대한 단어 분리 속도는 약 0.05초이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2016

이 연구는 기계 번역을 활용하여 영어기반서술형 평가의 자동채점모델을 한국어 응답에 적용하는 방법의 효용감을 조사하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 이 연구를 위하여 예비생물교사 128명이 4문항으로 구성된 자연선택개념평가도구에 응답한 512개의 서술형응답을 활용하였다. 서술형응답은 한글맞춤법을 교정한 것과 교정하지 않은 학생들이 작성한 그대로의 응답 두 가지를 구글번역으로 번역하였다. 8가지 과학적 개념과 비과학적 개념을 채점하는 자동채점모델을 통해 생성한 4096개의 예측자료의 정확도를 독립적으로 수행한 전문가 채점자료와 비교하는 방법으로 확인하였다. 그 결과 컴퓨터로 채점한 점수와 전문가 채점점수의 평균값의 문항별 분포는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 평균값을 활용하여 생성한 통계치들은 전문가 채점자료를 통하여 생성한 자료들과 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 학생별 점수의 Pearson 상관관계 계수를 확인한 결과 과학적 개념 점수는 0.848, 비과학적 개념 점수는 0.776이었다. 언어적으로 단순한 개념의 경우 채점자간 일치도 (kappa)가 0.8이상이었다. 이 결과는 기계 번역과 영어기반 서술형 평가의 자동채점모델이 우리나라 학생들의 자연선택개념문항을 채점하는데 유용한 방법이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제9호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

Sir John Sonae(1753-1837) was the most original English architect of 19c. his extremely personal style is superficially neo-classical but, romantic or ' picturesque' in its complicated and unexpected spatial interplay. The Soane's style was one of the curiosities of European architecture. Sir John Soane, like mackintosh, was best known for his interior spaces. He used his own house as a laboratory of spatial experimentation to develop his spatial ideas. The objective of this study was to examine his architectural style through his various architectural works and analyze . The Soane's Museum (his house, No.12.13.14 Lincoln's Inn Fields. London, UK) in order to find inter design elements which represent the best of Soane's interior design effects. As a result , this study found that Soane held no theories as to proportion . It gives the conditon of the building's freedom. He shows the ' primitivism facade and the simple neoclassical symmetry exterior arrangement. As interior design elements he used the layered structure, the natural skylight, the pendentive dome, the space in space, the pictures que style. These elements create magical interior space of the Sonane's Museum. THe spatial intrigue is further enhanced by various degrees of lighting that additionally emphasize the three-dimensional quality of the object loaded walls and piers. One can always look through to space beyond many individual object, both horizontally and vertically. These interior elements can be used for the modern interior design development in order to create the expansion of space and the territoriality of space.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal cortical activation pattern and functional connectivity during visual perception of words. 61 channel recordings of electroencephalogram were obtained from 15 subjects while they were judging the meaning of Korean, English, and Chinese words with concrete meanings. We examined event-related potentials (ERP) and applied independent component analysis (ICA) to find and separate simultaneously activated neural sources. Spectral analysis was also performed to investigate the gamma-band activity (GBA, 30-50 Hz) which is known to reflect feature binding. Five significant ERP components were identified and left hemispheric dominance was observed for most sites. Meaningful differences of amplitudes and latencies among languages were observed. It seemed that familiarity with each language and orthographic characteristics affected the characteristics of ERP components. ICA helped confirm several prominent sources corresponding to some ERP components. The results of spectral and time-frequency analyses showed distinct GBAs at prefrontal, frontal, and temporal sites. The GBAs at prefrontal and temporal sites were significantly correlated with the LPC amplitude and response time. The differences in spatiotemporal patterns of GBA among languages were not prominent compared to the inter-individual differences. The gamma-band coherence revealed short-range connectivity within frontal region and long-range connectivity between frontal, posterior, and temporal sites.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2009

In recent years, video detection systems have been implemented in various infrastructures such as airport, public transportation, power generation system, water dam and so on. Recognizing moving objects in video sequence is an important problem in computer vision, with applications in several fields, such as video surveillance and target tracking. Segmentation and tracking of multiple vehicles in crowded situations is made difficult by inter-object occlusion. In the system described in this paper, the mean shift algorithm is firstly used to filter and segment a color vehicle image in order to get candidate regions. These candidate regions are then analyzed and classified in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a license plate or not. And then some characters in the license plate is recognized by using the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, which is a relatively new architecture of the neural network family and has the capability to learn incrementally unlike the conventional BP network. We finally design a license plate recognition system using the mean shift algorithm and fuzzy ARTMAP neural network and show its performance via some computer simulations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.526-537
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI). Methods: The English CTBI-23 was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Survey data were collected from 280 nurses' preceptors at five acute-care hospitals in Korea. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to assess reliability. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: The CTBI Korean version consists of 22 items in six domains, including being committed to teaching, building a learning atmosphere, using appropriate teaching strategies, guiding inter-professional communication, providing feedback and evaluation, and showing concern and support. One of the items in the CTBI was excluded with a standardized factor loading of less than .05. The confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for the Korean version of the CTBI model. A six-factor structure was validated ($x^2=366.30$, p<.001, CMIN/df=2.0, RMSEA=.06, RMR=.03, SRMR=.05, GFI=.90, IFI=.94, TLI=.92, CFI=.94). The criterion validity of the core competency evaluation tool for preceptors was .77 (p<.001). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the overall scale was .93, and the six subscales ranged from .72 to .85. Conclusion: The Korean version CTBI-22 is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying the clinical teaching behaviors of preceptors in Korea. The CTBI-22 also could be used as a guide for the effective teaching behavior of preceptors, which can help new nurses adapt to the practicalities of nursing.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiating these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent. years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

The current electromagnetic articulography study analyzes several articulatory measures and examines whether, and if so, how they are interconnected, with a focus on cluster types and an additional consideration of speech rates and morphosyntactic contexts. Using articulatory data on non-assimilating contexts from three Seoul-Korean speakers, we examine how speaker-dependent gestural overlap between C1 and C2 in a low vowel context (/a/-to-/a/) and their resulting intergestural coordination are realized. Examining three C1C2 sequences (/k(#)t/, /k(#)p/, and /p(#)t/), we found that three normalized gestural overlap measures (movement onset lag, constriction onset lag, and constriction plateau lag) were correlated with one another for all speakers. Limiting the scope of analysis to C1 velar stop (/k(#)t/ and /k(#)p/), the results are recapitulated as follows. First, for two speakers (K1 and K3), i) longer normalized constriction plateau lags (i.e., less gestural overlap) were observed in the pre-/t/ context, compared to the pre-/p/ (/k(#)t/>/k(#)p/), ii) the tongue dorsum at the constriction offset of C1 in the pre-/t/ contexts was more anterior, and iii) these two variables are correlated. Second, the three speakers consistently showed greater horizontal distance between the vertical tongue dorsum and the vertical tongue tip position in /k(#)t/ sequences when it was measured at the time of constriction onset of C2 (/k(#)t/>/k(#)p/): the tongue tip completed its constriction onset by extending further forward in the pre-/t/ contexts than the uncontrolled tongue tip articulator in the pre-/p/ contexts (/k(#)t/>/k(#)p/). Finally, most speakers demonstrated less variability in the horizontal distance of the lingual-lingual sequences, which were taken as the active articulators (/k(#)t/=/k(#)p/ for K1; /k(#)t/