• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.21
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• pp.103-140
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• 1991

Knowledge about career patterns of women In any profession and about factors which influence these career patterns becomes increasingly necessary because of the influx of ever-increasing numbers of women into the labor force, and the need for the development and utilization of the creative productivity of women. This study alms to investigate Korean female librarians' overall career patterns and verify relevant factors which might affect to their career patterns. As an instrument, self-reported questionnaires were sent to 1,251 full-time Korean female librarians throughout the country with regular librarian's certificate, currently engaging in public, college or university, and special libraries. Based on the data gathered, the interrelationship between their career pattern inclination and its influential factors were examined through hypothesis testing. Major findings of the survey are outlined in the following: 1). Female librarians' career patterns were classified into five categories with the group represented as Categories-2 (single; wishes to continue working after marriage; places an emphasis on the sense of occupational accomplishment and social prestige) accounted for the highest proportion$(33.4\%)$. 2). The result of the hypothesis testing revealed that there is no significant relationship statistically between social factors(parents' socio-economic status, etc.) and female librarians' career patterns. So the hypothesis concerning social factors were rejected. 3). In psychological factors(job satisfaction ; self-concept sex role attitude ; role conflict ; and achievement motivation), all except for self-concept were shown to be relevant with female librarians' stable career pattern. So the hypotheses concerning psychological factors were supported. 4). According to the result of multiple discriminant analysis conducted between the above four statistically significant psychological factors and career patterns, the most influential factor for female librarians' career patterns was job satisfaction and sex role. In conclusion, the following recommendations were made: For overall enhancement of Korean female librarianship, earlier career guidance and concrete sex role education for young women is urgent which enable them to establish correct viewpoint for their occupational career female librarians themselves' constant endeavor In maintaining positive attitude toward their job is required.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.271-294
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• 2013

This study aims to grasp a slice of development of Korean Social Welfare. For this study, a character critique has been conducted on Kim, Man-doo who had been superbly equiped by social work practice and study as well. The accomplished critique came from literature criticism is based on his social work practice and his literatures. Five and six themes have been elicited each from Kim's social work practice and his literatures. Through the association of those two kinds of themes has been finally reasoned out another five themes; emphasis on integrated approach, encompassment of social welfare from America and Japan, virtuous cycling formation of Social Welfare, paradigm shift of Social Welfare, and regrettable unfinished harmony of practice and study. In regards to the results, some subjects are discussed as follows; Kim's social work practice had been refined crossing the social welfare system, a slice of Korean social welfare in 1960-90s was exposed, children-based social work practice in 1960s had been practiced unitedly, and Korean Social Welfare in 1960-80s had been structured differently according to the scholars'inclination.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate various cultural activities of the Korean youth including the subcultural and popular cultural activities and their characteristics and influences on the youth fashion during the period 1996-2004. This study employs a qualitative approach based on the previous discussions of relevant literatures dealing with Korean youth culture and their fashion styles. The result of the study shows that the most prominent characteristic in youth fashion of the period was 'bricolage.' The appearance of 'Seotaiji' and the activities of his group laid the cornerstone of youth culture in the early 1990's. The influence of postmodernism changed the conventional sexism and androgynous outfit thrived. The androgynous effect also had strong influence on men's fashion in what turned out to be Metro-Sexual in early 2004. During the period 2000-2004 the postmodernism regained its popularity both in culture and fashion. 'Body' was also an important part of youth culture and has become the most popular and prevalent word of this era. At the same time the 'Well-Being' and sports look were the new trend of youth fashion. Sports look, also known as Caports, is one of these new trends and the most important youth fashion style like mix & match reformation. The youth became more and more aware of the body image and were interested in fashion as well. This trend awareness of their body and Well-Being image as well as their inclination to the fashion in the youth is expected to continue. Therefore the fashion industry, as their marketing strategy, needs to analyze the characteristics of the cultural trends among the youth and to prepare for the future need of youth fashion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

There lies more subjectivity in the methods and process of showing the Koreaness, and design methods cannot be defined with only one answer key, which is probable to cause much difficulty. Until now, the traditional Korean features have been tried by quite a few designers whose approaches deserves for the reference to understand the trends of expressing the Koreaness and develop the ways of its expression. Therefore, this study first considers the trial processes of design methods in reconsidering the Koreaness done by many artists in terms of previous studies and researches. Then this tries to make a frame to analyze the Koreaness theoretically after studying the approaches knowledge about traditional architecture designs widely used as design concepts, and to examine specific cases which reflects them in their interior architecture. All of these studies are aimed at get the understandings on trends and methods demonstrating the Koreaness in modern interior design. This study ranges from the artists, who have made efforts to express Koreaness in 1990s and after, to their artworks. As study methods, pre-study and reference researches had been done to examine the knowledge factors on the ground of the theory of D.G Jansson, to give a theory to the understanding of its methods and tendencies, and to build the frame for case analysis. As a result, in traditional architecture, spacial design gets the prominent priority and other factors are not far from different. In formative approachesthe expression inclination on material factor is outstanding. Consequently, these two approaches have analytic elements in difference but spacial design and materiality have prominently in common to express the Koreaness.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.302-318
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the variables related to the organizational silence of Korean hospital nurses and to examine the effect sizes of correlations between the related variables and sub-types of organizational silence. Methods: Relevant studies were searched through a systematic search in six Korean electronic databases (RISS, ScienceON, KCI, DBpia, e-Article, and KISS) using June 2022 as the end date. Thirteen studies were identified through a systematic review and eight of them were meta-analyzed. The correlation effect size r (ESr) for each related variable was calculated. Results: Twenty-two related variables were identified from the systematic review. Of them, organizational culture was the most frequently examined. Seven variables (three organizational, two leader-member exchange, and two consequences of organizational silence) were found eligible for the meta-analysis. The intention of turnover (ESr=.39; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI=.32 to .45) and leader-member exchange ("manager's leaderships" ESr=-.33, 95% CI= -.43 to -.21; "manager's inclination to reject negative feedback" ESr=.32, 95% CI=.23 to .39) had larger correlation effect sizes than the other variables that related to organizational silence, in particular, acquiescent silence, which had the largest correlation effect size among the three sub-types of organizational silence. Conclusion: These findings show that the intention of turnover and leader-member exchanges were the main factors that related to the organizational silence. This indicates that it is necessary to develop management and education programs, as well as communication systems that focus on reducing and managing organizational silence, especially acquiescent silence.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

This study is to discuss the content of Posangkimun on the whole and to report the understanding of Seokgok Lee Gyujoon on western civilization. Through the overall analysis of Posangkimun, it is found the following facts: 1. Posangkimun aroused interest of academic circles as it covered theories of western civilization. Most of the introduction to western civilization contained in the book is related to astronomy and geography. Seokgok criticized all the western theories on revolution of the earth, astronomy, continents and oceans on the ground that these theories were not congruous with the teaching of the Oriental sages. 2. Seokgok found the reasons why the West had led the East from 'nationalism' of the West. The nationalism mentioned here were more similar to 'democracy' in modern sense, or rather 'democratism'. What is specially noteworthy is that he did not find the reasons of western advancement from the spiritual issues not from the machine civilization. In this way, Seokgok could avoid the fallacy of throwing away traditional ideas to concentrate in western machine civilization. 3. The content of Posangkimun shows that Seokgok was a person with a very conservative view. Notwithstanding his inclination, he had good knowledge about western theories, most of which were gathered from newspapers and magazines at that time. It means that newspapers and magazines should be treated with more importance when studying Korean intellectuals in late Joseon period or during the time of Japanese forced occupation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.225-234
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to classify Korean young adults into 3 groups on the basis of upper incisor exposure rates (UIERs) and to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue variables. Methods: Samples were obtained from 127 students at the College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University in South Korea. Facial photographs of frontal posed smiles and lateral cephalograms of the subjects were taken. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of UIERs and 20 measurements were compared among the 3 groups. The correlations between the variables were determined. Results: Male and female subjects showed significant differences in the group distribution. Male subjects showed higher frequencies of low smiles, and female subjects showed higher frequencies of high smiles. The vertical height of the anterior alveolar process of the maxilla directly correlated with the UIER. However, the UIER showed no significant correlation with the vertical height of the anterior basal bone or the inclination of the upper incisor axis. In female subjects, the upper central incisor clinical crown length showed an inverse correlation with the UIER. However, this variable showed no significant correlation with the UIER in male subjects. Conclusions: The UIER was directly correlated with the levator muscle activity of the upper lip and inversely correlated with the upper lip thickness, yet there was no correlation between the UIER and upper lip length at rest.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.301-327
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• 2012

This study investigated body images based on the survey data drawn from college students in three East Asian countries(Korea, Japan, and China). 347 Korean, 341 Chinese, and 271 Japanese college students responded to questions designed to measure body images such as body-related values (operability, inclination, locus of evaluation, and instrumentality of appearance), body esteem (appearance, and health), and objectified body-consciousness ( surveillance and shame). The results showed that body images differ among countries. Regarding body-related values, Korean students have least conservative beliefs and followed by Japanese, and Chinese. Korean students showed the highest acceptance level for the voluntary body alteration(operability), highest inclination to body appearance over health. They also showed the strongest tendency of evaluating their body from the observer's point of view and the strongest belief about the social utility of body appearance compare to Japanese and Chinese students. Appearance- esteem of Korean was similar to Chinese but higher than Japanese. Surveillance and shame about body appearance of Korean students were similar to Japanese but higher than Chinese. Compare to male students, females showed stronger belief about the body appearance over health, lower appearance esteem, and higher surveillance and shame about body. Korean women showed the least conservative body-related values, and the levels of body appearance esteem and objectified body consciousness were located in between Japanese and Chinese women. Japanese women showed especially low body appearance esteem and highest surveillance and shame. Chinese women showed the most conservative body-related value, the highest appearance-esteem, and the lowest surveillance and shame. It was revealed that the body-related values indirectly affect to appearance-esteem through the mediating role of objectified body consciousness in Chinese and Japanese samples, but that the body-related values had direct effect on appearance-esteem as well in Korean sample.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2007

It has been reported the higher incidence rate of gastric cancer in our country. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), that exhibited a higher infection rate among Korean people, has been known as a cofactor to cause cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify correlations among overexpressions of COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) gene, p53 mutation and cell proliferation index related to H. pylori. Taking 28 cases of gastric cancer with H. pylori detection, immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, p53 and Ki-67 were performed. In the H. pylori positive group, the well differentiated type and diffuse type of gastric cancer were distributed in larger area and the expression rate of COX-2 was revealed high. The H. pylori negative group showed higher p53 expression than that of the positive group. However, the statistical correlation between H. pylori and histopathological factors was not observed. The significantly higher expression of COX-2 had were observed in both well differentiated type and the intestinal type of gastric cancer. Although there were no statistical significances, this showed a higher inclination of manifest in the early gastric cancer. p53 exhibited a higher tendency of expression in the well differentiated, moderately differentiated and the intestinal type of gastric cancers including the early gastric cancer. Ki-67 was expressed in a significantly higher fashion along with the increase of age. In addition, it was significantly expressed in well differentiated type and intestinal type of gastric cancer. Therefore, these results suggest that H. pylori, COX-2, p53, and Ki-67 influences on the new occurrence of gastric cancer and its development procedures. In the future, the more researches would be required to focus on a larger category relative to gene expressions in gastric cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.181-185
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• 1998

Recently, research and developmental direction of communication system is concurrent adopting voice data and face image in speaking to provide more higher recognition rate then in the case of only voice data. Therefore, we present a method of lipreading in speech image sequence by using the 3-D facial shape model. The method use a feature information of the face image such as the opening-level of lip, the movement of jaw, and the projection height of lip. At first, we adjust the 3-D face model to speeching face image sequence. Then, to get a feature information we compute variance quantity from adjusted 3-D shape model of image sequence and use the variance quality of the adjusted 3-D model as recognition parameters. We use the intensity inclination values which obtaining from the variance in 3-D feature points as the separation of recognition units from the sequential image. After then, we use discrete HMM algorithm at recognition process, depending on multiple observation sequence which considers the variance of 3-D feature point fully. As a result of recognition experiment with the 8 Korean vowels and 2 Korean consonants, we have about 80% of recognition rate for the plosives and vowels.