• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2004

본 실험은 포도주스의 가공 공정중 열처리 조건이 anthocyanin색소 각각에 미치는 영향을 검토함으로서 anthocyanin 색소의 파괴가 최소화 되는 열처리 조건을 결정하는 기초자료를얻고자 실시하였다 Anthocyanin 색소 동정을 위한 분석결과 딸기의 주요 적색소는 pelargonidin-3-glucoside이며, 미국산 포도의 과피 및 주스의 주요 적색소는 delphinidin-3-glucoside와 cyanidin-3-glucoside이며, 유색미의 주요 적색소는 cyanidin-3-glucoside로 나타났다. 총 anthocyanin 함량 변화는 30초간 열처리한 처리구가 비열처리구에 비하여 100$^{\circ}C$까지 변화가 없었으며, 1분간 열처리한 처리구는 비열처리구에 비하여90$^{\circ}C$ 까지는 변화가 없었으며, l00$^{\circ}C$, 110$^{\circ}C$에서 각각 3.5$\%$, 9.3$\%$의 감소를 나타냈다. 열처리에 따른 anthocyanin 색소의 변화를 실험한 결과 1분간 열처리 하였을 경우 delphinidin-3-glucoside와 cyanidin-3-glucoside의 경우 90$^{\circ}C$까지 변화가 없었으며, 100$^{\circ}C$부터 급격히 감소하였다. Petunidin-3-glucoside와 malvidin-3-glucoside의 경우 100$^{\circ}C$까지 변화가 없었으며, 110$^{\circ}C$에서 3.5$\%$, 2.7$\%$로 비교적 열에 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 2분간 열처리시 delphinidin-3-glucoside와 cyanidin-3-glucoside의 경우 90$^{\circ}C$까지 3.2$\%$, 5.3$\%$와 1.9$\%$, 4.3$\%$로 감소하였으나, 100$^{\circ}C$부터 12.4$\%$, 13.2$\%$와 9.1$\%$, 11.8$\%$로 급격히 감소하였다. Petunidin-3-glucoside와 malvidin-3-glucoside의 경우 110$^{\circ}C$ 까지 4.8$\%$, 5.2$\%$의 감소를 나타내며 다른 anthocyanin 색소에 비하여 비교적 열에 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 포도주스 제조시 열처리 조건을 90$^{\circ}C$에서 1분간 살균하는 것이 anthocyanin 파괴를 최소화하여 고품질 포도 주스를 생산하는데 최적의 가공조건인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 수입에 의존하고 있는 고산도 식초 생산 기술을 대체하고자 포도과즙을 이용하여 적정산도 10% 이상의 식초 제조조건 및 품질특성을 조사하였다. 초기 알코올 함량에 따른 고산도 초산발효에서는 초기 알코올 함량 6%에서 적정산도 12%의 고산도 식초 제조가 가능하였으며 초기 알코올 함량이 높을수록 유도기가 길어져 초산수율이 감소하였다. pH는 구간에 따른 큰 차이가 없었고, 당도는 1단계 초산발효(1st AAF)까지 초기 알코올 함량에 비례하여 높게 나타났으나 2단계 초산발효(2nd AAF)기간 동안에는 초기 알코올 6% 첨가구에서 증가율이 가장 높았다. 고산도 포도식초의 주요 유기산은 tartaric, malic 및 citric acid가 검출되었으며, 유가식 첨가량 및 초산 발효수율 차이로 인하여 초기 알코올 함량이 낮을수록 높게 검출되었다. 미량 알코올 중 ethyl alcohol을 제외한 성분은 극소량으로 검출되어 초기 알코올 함량에 따른 큰 차이가 없었고, ethyl alcohol은 364~581 ppm으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과, 포도 알코올 발효액(초기 알코올 함량 6%)를 이용하여 일체의 영양원을 첨가하지 않고 총산도 12%의 고산도 식초 제조가 가능하였다. 그러나 산업적으로 활용하기 위해서는 초산수율 향상 및 유가식 첨가에 의한 발효기간 단축에 관한 보완 연구가 요구되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 국내외 주요 포도 가공품인 포도즙과 포도주의 일반분석 및 대표적인 폴리페놀화합물인 레스베라트롤, 쿼세틴 및 카테킨에 대한 함량 분석을 실시하였다. 한국산 포도제품과 외국산과의 색도, pH, 산도, 에탄올 함량 등은 제품, 품종, 제조국가 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 유리당 조성은 포도즙과 포도주 사이에 큰 차이를 보였으며, 포도주 내에서도 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타났다. 레스베라트롤과 쿼세틴 함량에서는 국내산 포도즙 사이에 유의적인 차이를 발견할 수 있었으며 포도주가 포도즙보다 대체로 높은 경향이었다. 에피카테킨 함량 및 조성에서도 제품, 품종, 제조국가 간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 포도 육종가, 재배 농가나 판매자들에게 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2014

A fresh vegetable and fruit juice has become a new healthy food available for detoxification, dieting and health. This paper presents the useful information about the quality changes of fresh juice according to different juicer. Quality of fresh juice could be evaluated by several factors such as juice yield, enzyme activity, antioxidant activity, polyphenol contents, and anti-inflammatory activity. The juice yields of 12 different vegetables and fruits were compared using 6 different juicers and it was observed that the yield of slow juicer was better than that of conventional blender. Among 12 samples, the juice yield of grape is the best and the pH of the juice was in the acidic range of 3 and 4. Kiwi and grapefruit were the best in terms of protease enzyme activities by Hemoglobin units on the tyrosine basis and Spectrophotometric acid protease unit and papain units on the tyrosine basis of KFDA protocols. The total polyphenol contents were also high in kiwi and grapefruit. The antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and radical scavenging assay were high in the order of kiwi, grapefruit, grape, tomato, and orange. Anti-inflammatory activities were also assay for 12 samples with 6 juicers. It can be concluded that of fresh fruit and vegetable juice provides a source of antioxidant components and enzymes with high activity. And the enzyme activities could be used as one of the quality indicator of fresh juice. Concerning the juicers used in this study, slow juicer could be recommended to prepare the fresh juice in terms of the juice quality.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.705-714
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• 2016

Organic acid and sugar contents in ten kinds of juices (two orange juices, two grape juices, two aloe juices, two citron juices, one bokbunja, and one grapefruit juice) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Citric acid was detected in all the fruit juices analyzed. Grape juices contained the highest tartaric acid content (67.85 - 99.37 mg/100 mL) while orange and grape juices contained a high content of malic acid (151.67 - 211.18 mg/100 mL). Lactic acid was detected in all the aloe juices (35.12 - 65.27 mg/100 mL) as well as in one orange (203.8 mg/100 mL) and one grape juice (112.28 mg/100 mL). Citrus fruit juices (A, A', F) showed the highest content of total organic acids as 902.81 - 1,103.7 mg/100 mL. With regard to sugar contained in the juices, lactose and maltose were not detected in any of the fruit juices. Even when comparing the same kind of fruit juice, sugar (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) content showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) depending on the manufacturer. In the grape juices, contents of fructose (6.86 - 7.51) and glucose (6.23 - 7.3 g/100 mL) were higher than in other juices. One serving size of the juices (180 mL) analyzed in this study can provide approximately 3.3 - 4.9% of total daily energy requirements when consumed as part of the 2,200 kcal/day diet required for an adult.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2015

Hydrocolloids have many applications in foods including their use in dysphagia diets. We aimed to evaluate whether hydrocolloids in foods affect the digestibility of starch and protein, and their effects on antioxidant capacity. The thickening hydrocolloids: locust bean gum and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the gel-forming agents: agar agar, konjacglucomannan, and Hot & Soft Plus were blended with corn starch and soy protein, skim milk, or grape juice and were examined for their in vitro-digestability by comparing the reducing sugar and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptide, for antioxidant capacity by total polyphenol contents and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The hydrocolloids resulted in a decrease in starch digestibility with the gel-forming agents. Hydrocolloids diminished TCA-soluble peptides in skim milk compared to soy protein with the exception of locust bean gum and decreased free radical scavenging capacities and total phenolic contents in grape juice. Our findings may provide evidence for the use of hydrocolloids for people at risk of nutritional deficiencies such as dysphagia patients.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2019

This study examined the quality characteristics of jelly prepared with green grape juice (GJ). The pH, $^{\circ}Brix$ value, color, texture, and sensory evaluation of the jelly were measured. The pH of the jelly significantly decreased with increasing amount of GJ over the range of 3.25-5.27. The $^{\circ}Brix$ value of the jelly showed a significantly higher result as the amount of GJ increased (p<0.001). Lightness (L) and redness (a) decreased with increasing amount of GJ, and yellowness (b) increased. In the texture measurement, the GJ-100 sample group with a high substitute rate of GJ showed high hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (p<0.001). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the sample groups with high GJ content were classified as having relatively strong yellowness, sweet aroma, metallic aroma, grassy aroma, sweetness, sourness, green grape skin taste, and astringency. In the acceptance test, the GJ-50 sample group was evaluated to be high in flavor (p<0.001) and overall acceptance (p<0.01). However, sample groups consisting of 50% or more GJ were evaluated to be significantly strong in terms of astringency. Therefore, further study needs to be conducted about improving astringency in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.997-1012
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of whole grape, grape pomace and grape juice intake on cadmium (Cd) metabolism during aging in thirteen-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. One hundred and twenty rats weighing 548.8 $\pm$ 4.3 g were assigned to eight groups according to body weight and were raised for 3, 5 or 7 months on diets containing 2 ％ (w/w) dried powders of three different parts of the grape (Campbell Early) and 0.02 ％ (w/w) CdC12. Food intake tended to decrease with aging, and body weight and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights of Cd-exposed groups were lower than those of Cd-free groups. Cadmium accumulated in the blood and tissues and Cd concentration was the lowest in the pomace group among Cd-exposed animals. Metallothionein (MT) concentration in the tissues increased through Cd administration. Grape diets, especially grape pomace diets, were effective in decreasing Cd absorption in the tissues by increasing Cd excretion through feces. The intake of grape pomace alleviated the decrease in bone density caused by Cd administration and prevented a decrease in glomerular filtration rates (GFR) with aging. Among the parts of grape, grape pomace, which had highest content of dietary fiber and flavonoids, was the most effective. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using grape pomace as a functional food material, a prospect that previously has been discarded.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Grape is one of the most popular and widely cultivated fruits in the world. Although grape skin and seeds are waste product of the winery and grape juice industry, these wastes contain large amounts of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanidins, which play an important role as chemopreventive and anticancer agents. We evaluated efficacies of grape skin and seeds on hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Treatment with DMN significantly increased levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Diet supplementation with grape skin or seeds (10% daily for 4 weeks) prevented these elevations. The grape skin and seeds also restored serum albumin and total protein levels, and reduced the hepatic level of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, grape skin and seeds reduced DMN-induced collagen accumulation, as estimated by histological analysis of liver tissue stained with Sirius red. Grape skin and seeds also reduced hepatic stellate cell activation, as assessed by ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin staining. In conclusion, grape skin and seeds exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic effects against DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that grape skin and seeds may be useful in preventing the development of hepatic fibrosis.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2007

포도즙 착즙 후 폐기되는 포도송이가지를 재활용하여 항산화 물질로 잘 알려진 resveratrol을 80% 에탄올로 초음파 추출기를 이용하여 60분 동안 추출한 후 실리카겔 컬럼을 적용시켜 99% 이상의 순도로 정제하였다. 정제된 resveratrol의 안정성은 4$^{\circ}C$에서는 반감기가 90일이었으며, 25$^{\circ}C$에서는 60일로 조사되었다. 또한 고순도 resveratrol 추출물을 적용하여 기존의 식품에 포함된 양의 2$\sim$10배 정도 강화시킨 포도즙의 관능평가를 수행한 결과 전반적인 기호도가 높았으며, 색, 향 및 당도는 일반 포도즙에 비해 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 앞으로 포도착즙의 부산물인 포도송이가지에서 추출된 resveratrol은 건강보조식품, 기능성 향장품 소재 등으로 활용가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.