• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.76-91
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• 2020

Whole genome sequence of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Oleaceae) cultivar Ok Hwang 1 Ho, which is Korean endemic species, was recently sequenced to understand its characteristics. Acteoside is one of major useful compounds presenting various activities, and its several proposed biochemical pathways were reviewed and integrated to make precise biochemical pathway. Utilizing MetaPre-AI^TM which was developed for predicting secondary metabolites based on whole genome with the precise biochemical pathway of acteoside and the InfoBoss Pathway Database, we successfully rescued all enzymes involved in this pathway from the genome sequences, presenting that A. distichum cultivar Ok Hwang 1 Ho may produce acteoside. High-performance liquid chromatography result displayed that callus of A. distichum cultivar Ok Hwang 1 Ho contained acteoside as well as isoacteoside which may be derived from acteoside. Taken together, we successfully showed that MetaPre-AI^TM can predict secondary metabolite from plant whole genomes. In addition, this method will be efficient to predict secondary metabolites of many plant species because DNA can be analyzed more stability than chemical compounds.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2022

Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark. (CM), in the family Rosaceae is an endemic plant to the Mongolian region (its name: Moнroл чapraй). In Mongolia, Cotoneaster species as a crude drug is mainly used for inflammatory diseases, diarrhea, and stomach indigestion. In this study, we evaluated the gastro-protective activity underlying mechanism of CM. For in vivo experiments, mice were divided into 5 groups; normal mice (Normal), gastritis mice (Control), gastritis mice treated with sucralfate 10 mg/kg (SC), gastritis mice treated with CM 100 mg/kg (CML), gastritis mice treated with CM 200 mg/kg (CMH). Gastritis was provoked by HCl/ethanol (60% ethanol in 150 mM HCl). After oral administration of each drug, HCl/ethanol was orally administered 90 mins later to induce gastritis. CM alleviated the damage to the gastric mucosa caused. As a result of confirming the expression of protein in gastric tissue through western blot, CM significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB activated due to gastritis. Also, it significantly modulated the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. These results indicate that CM not only inhibits the nuclear metastasis of NF-𝛋B but also modulates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to relieve inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2018

Foliose species of the Bangiaceae (Porphyra s. l.) are very important in Korean fisheries, and their taxonomy and ecophysiology have received much attention because of the potential for developing or improving aquaculture techniques. Although 20 species of foliose Bangiales have been listed from the Korean coast, some of them remain uncertain and need further comparative morphological studies with molecular comparison. In this study, we confirm the distribution of four Pyropia species from the east coast of Korea, Pyropia kinositae, P. moriensis, P. onoi, and P. retorta sp. nov., based on morphology and rbcL sequence data. Although P. onoi was listed in North Korea in old floral works, its occurrence on the east coast of South Korea is first revealed in this study based on molecular data. P. kinositae and P. moriensis, which were originally described from Hokkaido, Japan, are first reported on the east coast of Korea in this study. Pyropia retorta sp. nov. and P. yezonesis share a similar thallus color and narrow spermatangial patches in the upper portion of the frond, and they have a sympatric distribution. However, P. retorta can be distinguished by the curled or twisted thalli and by molecular data. The biogeographic pattern of the two native species, P. kinositae and P. retorta, suggests that the east coast of Korea may have been a place of refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and then recolonized to the northern part of Japan through the restored East Korean Warm Current after the LGM.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2004

A study of freshwater ichthyofauna was conducted in order to clarify its significance at 14 upstream sites in Muju, Jangsu, Geochang and Hamyang districts in Deogyusan National Park, enclosing Baekdudaegan. The freshwater fish fauna of the Park was measured at the 14 sampling locations from May 2003 to September 2003. The fifteen species gauged included four Korean endemic species and or subspecies (Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Iksookimia longicorpa, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis platycephala). Fourteen species were found in the Keum River and seven species in the Nakdong River. However, common species were Punchocypris, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Zacco temmincki, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Coreoperca herzi, and Odontobutis pzatycephala. The dominant species of these regions were Zacco temmincki and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus. Past studies conducted in Baekdudaegan mostly concernedflora and vegetation. In the future, new study concepts for stream corridors involving both animal and plant should be introduced.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2004

To investigate the vegetation structure of subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan, 20 plots(100$m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups Quercus mongolica community, Betula ermanii - Picea jezoensis - Taxus cuspidata community, Taxus cuspidata - Qurecus mongolica - Betula ermanii community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica, Taxus cuspidata and Betula ermanii were found as a major woody plant species in the subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan. In this area, Korean endemic species, Abies koreana was distributed small amounts. In future, importance percentage of Abies koreana might be decreased, but that of Betula ermanii might be increased. High positive correlations was proved between Betula ermanii and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum ; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Acer mono; Syringa velutina and Magnolia sieboldii and relatively high negative corrlations was proved between Betular ermani and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes ; Quercus mongolica and Acer mono; Abies koreana and Tripterygium regelii, Weigela subsessilis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 1.0316∼1.1776 and it was similar to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for sustainable production by investigating the growth characteristics of the endangered Korean fir (Abies koreana) under shading treatments. It was found that there was a temperature difference of approximately 6℃ between the shading treatment and the control group, and a difference of about 13% in soil moisture content. Only in the shading treatment group did dead individuals of Korean fir appear, and it was confirmed that other individuals also suffered from leaf withering and other physiological damage. The growth response of root diameter was observed in T2, and the growth of seedling height was observed in T3, indicating that satisfactory growth was observed in over 50% of the shading treatment groups. Total Chlrolophyll was higher according to the shading treatment(p<0.05), This trend is thought to be due to the short-term nature of the experiment, and it is expected that statistical significance will be observed after long-term adaptation. It is considered that over 50% shading effect will be beneficial for survival and growth in Abies koreana over 5 years old at the seedling stage.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2013

Knowing how many species live in a ecosystem is a major work because of the distributions of species are determined by the environmental condition. This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants of Gonggeom-ji, located in Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, from April to October on 2012. The vascular plants were summarized as 240 taxa including 69 families, 176 genus, 204 species, 2 subspecies, 29 varieties, and 5 forma. Among the investigated taxa, 3 taxa of Korean endemic plants were included. Based on the list of specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment, 11 taxa including Alisma orientale, Monochoria korsakowii and Nymphoides peltata were recorded. The naturalized plants were identified as 26 taxa and the ratio of naturalized index (NI) was 10.8% of vascular plants recorded. 31 taxa of hydrophytes showed 17.8% of Korea. To conservation of wetlands, we suggest that it is required to minimize for unnecessary disturbance of human and to make a strategy for effective management by continuous monitoring for ecosystem alteration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.579-603
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• 2020

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.262-265
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find out a proper cutting time as related with a growth pattern for the mass propagation of Corylopsis coreana, which is one of the Korean endemic plant. New shoots began to grow in early April soon after end of blooming time and grew rapidly until the end of June. Shoot growth became dull after June and stopped in early September, showing a typical primary growth curve of temperate deciduous trees which show only one flush of growth throughout an annual growth cycle. The moisture content of shoot was the highest in an early growing season of May, and decreased with shoot maturity. Moisture content of cuttings taken on June 20 was 71.2%. Rooting was better in softwood cuttings than in hardwood cuttings. The highest value of rooting percentage was obtained in cuttings taken on June 20.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

Bombyx shini Park & Sohn, 2002 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), which was listed as an endemic species in South Korea has recently been renamed as the East Asian silk moth Rotunda rotundapex Miyata & Kishida, 1990 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the R. rotundapex to announce genomic characteristics and to clarify its validity with a new name. The 15,294-bp long complete mitogenome comprises a typical set of genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes] and one major noncoding, A + T-rich region, with an arrangement identical to that observed in most lepidopteran mitogenomes. The A/T content of the whole mitogenome was 79.22%; however, it varied among the regions/genes as follows: A + T-rich region, 91.62%; srRNA, 84.67%; lrRNA, 83.01%; tRNAs, 81.43%; and PCGs, 77.46%. Phylogenetic analyses of 35 species in the Bombycoidea superfamily showed the sister relationship between the families Sphingidae and Bombycidae s. str., with the higher nodal support [bootstrap support (BS) = 78%]. The Saturniidae was placed as the sister to the two families, but the nodal support for this relationship was low (BS = 53%). Current R. rotundapex was placed together with previously reported con-species with the highest nodal support, forming a separate clade from Bombyx, validating that B. shini can have a new genus name, Rotunda. However, the Korean R. rotundapex showed a substantial sequence divergence at 5.28% to that originated from an individual of type locality Taiwan in 1,459-bp of COI sequences. Considering such a high sequence divergence an additional study, which includes morphological and DNA barcoding data from further extensive distributional range maybe is needed for further robust taxonomic conclusion.